Métodos de coleta e a qualidade do esfregaço no exame citopatológico / Collection methods and the quality of cytopathology examination

O exame citopatológico é uma ferramenta diagnóstica de grande importância na triagem de diversasmorbidades tegumentares. Suas técnicas são relativamente simples, de baixo custo e minimamente invasiva.Sua análise é baseada nas características morfológicas de um pequeno conjunto de células, as quaisse esfoliam, quer seja por impressão, escarificação, punção por agulha fina, com ou sem aspiração. Pornão apresentar uma organização arquitetural do tecido, o diagnóstico citopatológico exige do médicoveterinário que efetuará a coleta, um maior domínio e conhecimento da aplicação dos métodos existentes.Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é descrever os métodos de coleta, suas vantagens e desvantagenspara cada tipo de lesão, e a confecção de esfregaços que subsidiem um diagnóstico confiável. (AU)

The cytopathology exam is a diagnostic tool of great importance in the screening of several cutaneousmorbidities. Its techniques are relatively simple, low cost and minimally invasive. The analysis is basedon morphological characteristics of a small group of cells, which exfoliate either by imprint, scarification,and fine needle punction with or without aspiration. By not presenting an architectural organizationof the tissue, the cytology diagnosis demands of the veterinary that will collect the sample a goodmastery and knowledge of the existing methods. The objective of this study is to describe collectionmethods, the advantages and disadvantages for each type of lesion, and the preparation of smears thatsupport a reliable diagnosis. (AU)

Métodos de coleta e a qualidade do esfregaço no exame citopatológico / Collection methods and the quality of cytopathology examination

O exame citopatológico é uma ferramenta diagnóstica de grande importância na triagem de diversasmorbidades tegumentares. Suas técnicas são relativamente simples, de baixo custo e minimamente invasiva.Sua análise é baseada nas características morfológicas de um pequeno conjunto de células, as quaisse esfoliam, quer seja por impressão, escarificação, punção por agulha fina, com ou sem aspiração. Pornão apresentar uma organização arquitetural do tecido, o diagnóstico citopatológico exige do médicoveterinário que efetuará a coleta, um maior domínio e conhecimento da aplicação dos métodos existentes.Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é descrever os métodos de coleta, suas vantagens e desvantagenspara cada tipo de lesão, e a confecção de esfregaços que subsidiem um diagnóstico confiável.

The cytopathology exam is a diagnostic tool of great importance in the screening of several cutaneousmorbidities. Its techniques are relatively simple, low cost and minimally invasive. The analysis is basedon morphological characteristics of a small group of cells, which exfoliate either by imprint, scarification,and fine needle punction with or without aspiration. By not presenting an architectural organizationof the tissue, the cytology diagnosis demands of the veterinary that will collect the sample a goodmastery and knowledge of the existing methods. The objective of this study is to describe collectionmethods, the advantages and disadvantages for each type of lesion, and the preparation of smears thatsupport a reliable diagnosis.

Enzymes that hydrolyze adenine nucleotides in platelets and polymorphisms in the alpha2 gene of integrin alpha2beta1 in patients with von Willebrand disease.

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is one of the most common inherited bleeding diseases caused by a qualitative or quantitative deficiency of the von Willebrand factor (FvW). FvW is a multimeric glycoprotein synthesized by megakaryocytes and endothelial cells and it is present in the subendothelial matrix, blood plasma, platelets, and endothelium. This glycoprotein plays an important role in thrombus formation by initiating platelet adhesion to sites of injury as well as platelet aggregation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activities of enzymes that hydrolyze adenine nucleotides in platelets, ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA), and polymorphisms of the alpha2 gene of alpha2beta1 integrin from VWD patients. Platelet nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase), 5'-nucleotidase, and ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (E-NPP) activities were verified in 14 VWD patients. For RIPA determination, a final concentration of 1.25 mg/ml of ristocetin was used. Polymorphisms of the alpha2 gene were analyzed through PCR. Platelet NTPDase and E-NPP were decreased in VWD patients. 5'-Nucleotidase activity was not statistically significant between controls and VWD patients. RIPA was significantly reduced, with an allelic frequency of 78.57% for 807C in VWD patients. Our results indicated reduced platelet NTPDase and E-NPP activities which might be related to the low platelet adhesiveness. The prevalence of the 807C allele might account for the variability in bleeding in VWD.