RESUMEN
An outbreak of delta hepatitis occurred during 1998 among the Waorani of the Amazon basin of Ecuador. Among 58 people identified with jaundice, 79% lived in four of 22 Waorani communities. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was found in the sera of 54% of the jaundiced persons, and 14% of asymptomatic persons. Ninety-five percent of 105 asymptomatic Waorani had hepatitis B core (HBc) IgG antibody, versus 98% of 51 with jaundice. These data confirm that hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly endemic among the Waorani. Sixteen of 23 (70%) HBsAg carriers identified at the onset of the epidemic had serologic markers for hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection. All 16 were jaundiced, where as only two of seven (29%) with negative HDV serology were jaundiced (P = .0006). The delta cases clustered in families, 69% were children and most involved superinfection of people chronically infected with HBV. The data suggest that HDV spread rapidly by a horizontal mode of transmission other than by the sexual route.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Hepatitis D/epidemiología , Virus de la Hepatitis Delta/inmunología , Fallo Hepático/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Ecuador/epidemiología , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Anticuerpos Antihepatitis/sangre , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/sangre , Hepatitis D/complicaciones , Virus de la Hepatitis Delta/genética , Humanos , Lactante , Fallo Hepático/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , ARN Viral/sangreRESUMEN
The purpose of the present study was a description of hormonal profiles in female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) in estrus that was induced by male exposure versus postpartum estrus. Hormonal profiles are reported in sexually naive females and in sexually experienced females, as a function of varying amounts of coital stimulation and as a function of time since male exposure. Ovarian estradiol levels, uterine weights and uterine protein levels increased in virgin females after exposure to a male, were highest in females that showed lordosis, declined slowly when estrous females were isolated from males and decreased sharply following mating. Ovarian progesterone levels increased more rapidly following mating in females in male-induced estrus than in females in postpartum estrus. Serum progesterone levels did not increase significantly within 24 hr following mating, but were elevated by 72 hr after mating. These findings are discussed as they relate to the hormonal control of female sexual behavior.
