The effects of carvedilol on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat testis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the oxidative damage and histopathological alterations caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and ameliorative effects of carvedilol (CVD) in the rat testis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one male rats were randomized into 3 groups as follows: Group I (n = 7); control (sham) group, Group II (n = 7); I/R group, in which I/R injury was performed by torsing the left testis 720 ° clockwise for 2 hours and detorsing for 2 hours. Group III (n = 7); CVD treatment group; in addition to I/R process, one-dose of CVD was administered (2mg/kg, i.p) 30 min. before detorsion. Levels of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) were determined in testicular tissues and serum of rats. Testicular tissues were also examined histopathologically and Johnsen scores were determined. RESULTS: Activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum and testicular tissues were increased by I/R, but administration of CVD decreased these levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Significantly increased MDA levels in serum and testicular tissues were decreased by CVD treatment (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Concerning PC levels in serum and testicular tissues, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.989 and p = 0.428). There was not a statistically significant difference in terms of mean Johnsen scores between the groups (p = 0.161). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of CVD decreased oxidative damage biochemically in the rat testis caused by I/R injury, but histopathologically no change was observed betwe¬en all of the groups.

The effects of carvedilol on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat testis

Objective: To analyze the oxidative damage and histopathological alterations caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and ameliorative effects of carvedilol (CVD) in the rat testis. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one male rats were randomized into 3 groups as follows: Group I (n = 7); control (sham) group, Group II (n = 7); I/R group, in which I/R injury was performed by torsing the left testis 720º clockwise for 2 hours and detorsing for 2 hours. Group III (n = 7); CVD treatment group; in addition to I/R process, one-dose of CVD was administered (2mg/kg, i.p) 30 min. before detorsion. Levels of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) were determined in testicular tissues and serum of rats. Testicular tissues were also examined histopathologically and Johnsen scores were determined. Results: Activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum and testicular tissues were increased by I/R, but administration of CVD decreased these levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Significantly increased MDA levels in serum and testicular tissues were decreased by CVD treatment (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). Concerning PC levels in serum and testicular tissues, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.989 and p = 0.428). There was not a statistically significant difference in terms of mean Johnsen scores between the groups (p = 0.161). Conclusions: Administration of CVD decreased oxidative damage biochemically in the rat testis caused by I/R injury, but histopathologically no change was observed between all of the groups. .

Efecto de la obesidad inducida por dieta en el tejido testicular y parámetros de estrés oxidativo en el suero / The Effect of Diet Induced Obesity on Testicular Tissue and Serum Oxidative Stress Parameters

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la obesidad inducida por dieta en los parámetros de semen y los valores séricos de enzimas antioxidantes. Material y métodos: Ratas macho de 6 semanas fueron distribuidas aleatoriamente en tres grupos: el grupo 1 (n=10) recibió una dieta controlada; el grupo 2 (n=9), una dieta alta en grasas, y el grupo 3 (n=11), una dieta alta en grasas junto con anastrozol. A las 10 semanas se obtuvieron los tejidos testiculares y se evaluó la espermatogénesis con el sistema de puntuación de Johnson. Se aceptó >9,39 como puntuación normal. Además, se midieron los valores séricos de enzimas antioxidantes, los triglicéridos, el colesterol, la testosterona, la hormona luteinizante (HL), la hormona estimulante del folículo (HEF) y el estradiol en el suero. Resultados: El peso corporal aumentó considerablemente en los ratones alimentados con una dieta alta en grasas en comparación con los que recibieron una dieta normal (p<0,05). Los valores medios de triglicéridos fueron 64,00±20,48, 98,89±27,80 y 95,27±15,02mg/dl en los grupos 1 2 y 3, respectivamente (p<0,05). Las ratas macho alimentadas con una dieta alta en grasas presentaban valores de testosterona considerablemente más bajos en comparación con las que recibieron una dieta controlada (p=0,005). La patología testicular reveló que la puntuación de Johnson fue 9,60±0,15, 8,72±1,81 y 9,29 en los grupos 1, 2 y 3, respectivamente (p=0,169). Además, los valores de óxido nítrico (NO) en el suero fueron mayores en los grupos 2 y 3 que en el 1 (p<0,05). Conclusión: Como resultado, se puede concluir que la obesidad puede provocar estrés oxidativo y la disminución de los valores de testosterona. Estos cambios pueden alterar las funciones testiculares y, por lo tanto, se puede especular que la obesidad puede ser un factor causante importante en la etiología de la infertilidad masculina (AU)

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diet induced obesity on semen parameters and serum antioxidant enzyme levels. Material and methods: Six-week-old male rats were randomized into three groups are as follows: group 1 (n=10) received a control diet, group 2 (n=9) received a high-fat diet and group 3 (n=11) received high-fat diet plus anastrozole. At the completion of a 10-week period, testicular tissues were obtained and spermatogenesis was evaluated with Johnsen Score System. The normal Johnsen Score was accepted as >9.39. In addition, serum antioxidant enzyme levels, triglyceride, cholesterol, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimilating hormone (FSH) and estradiol levels were measured in serum. Results: Body weight were significantly increased in mice fed with a high-fat diet compared to normal diet (P<0.05). The mean triglyceride levels was 64.00±20.48mg/dl, 98.89±27.80mg/dl and 95.27±15.02mg/dl in group 1, group 2 and group 3, respectively (P<0.05). Male rats fed with a high-fat diet had significantly lower levels of testosterone compared with the control diet male rats (P=0.005). Testicular pathology revealed that Johnsen Score System were 9.60±0.15, 8.72±1.81 and 9.29 in group 1, group 2 and group 3, respectively (P=0.169). In addition serum nitric oxide (NO) levels were higher in group 2 and group 3 compared to group 1 (P<0.05). Conclusion: As a result it may be concluded that obesity may induce oxidative stress and decrease testosterone levels. These changes may alter testicular functions and consequently it may be speculated that obesity can be important causative factor in the etiology of the male infertility (AU)

[The effect of diet induced obesity on testicular tissue and serum oxidative stress parameters]. / Efecto de la obesidad inducida por dieta en el tejido testicular y parámetros de estrés oxidativo en el suero.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diet induced obesity on semen parameters and serum antioxidant enzyme levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six-week-old male rats were randomized into three groups are as follows: group 1 (n=10) received a control diet, group 2 (n=9) received a high-fat diet and group 3 (n=11) received high-fat diet plus anastrozole. At the completion of a 10-week period, testicular tissues were obtained and spermatogenesis was evaluated with Johnsen Score System. The normal Johnsen Score was accepted as >9.39. In addition, serum antioxidant enzyme levels, triglyceride, cholesterol, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimilating hormone (FSH) and estradiol levels were measured in serum. RESULTS: Body weight were significantly increased in mice fed with a high-fat diet compared to normal diet (P<.05). The mean triglyceride levels was 64.00±20.48 mg/dl, 98.89±27.80 mg/dl and 95.27±15.02 mg/dl in group 1, group 2 and group 3, respectively (P<.05). Male rats fed with a high-fat diet had significantly lower levels of testosterone compared with the control diet male rats (P=.005). Testicular pathology revealed that Johnsen Score System were 9.60±0.15, 8.72±1.81 and 9.29 in group 1, group 2 and group 3, respectively (P=.169). In addition serum nitric oxide (NO) levels were higher in group 2 and group 3 compared to group 1 (P<.05). CONCLUSION: As a result it may be concluded that obesity may induce oxidative stress and decrease testosterone levels. These changes may alter testicular functions and consequently it may be speculated that obesity can be important causative factor in the etiology of the male infertility.

Breast carcinoma with three coexistant type of metaplasia: sarcomatoid, giant cell and squamous differantiation.

We report on a women with metaplastic carcinoma of the right breast. After diagnosis she had a simple mastectomy operation. Pathological investigations were carried out on mastectomy material. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Bizarre, malignant giant cells and diffuse inflammatory reactions were predominantly noted. Sarcomatous metaplasia and rare squamous metaplasia were also seen. There was not any area of classic intraductal, invasive ductal, lobular or papillary carcinoma. The patient is still alive and well for more than five years. This uncommon case is described and discussed, and the related literature is reviewed.