[The effect of fatty compounds with different ratios of the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 and omega-6 families on the expression of food-related anaphylaxis, on the liver cytochrome P-450 system and on 17-hydroxycorticosteroid metabolism in guinea pigs]. / Vliianie zhirovykh kompozitsii s razlichnym sootnosheniem polinenasyshchennykh zhirnykh kislot semeistv omega-3 i omega-6 na vyrazhennost' pishchevoi anafilaksii, sistemu tsitokhroma P-450 pecheni i metabolizm 17-oksikortikosteroidov u morskikh svinok.

The effect of fat composition with a different ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids of families omega 3 and omega 6 on expression of experimental dietary anaphylaxis, liver monooxygenase system and metabolism of 17-oxycorticosteroides (17-OCS) in guinea-pig have been investigated. Fat components in experimental diets were presented by sunflower, ichthyene oils and mix of these oils in the ratio 1:1. A ratio of PUFA of a family omega 6 to omega 3 in diets were 64,0; 0,13 and 2,64. It was shown that a burden of dietary anaphylaxis were reduced significantly at the introduction in diets of sunflower oil.ulakcuu is authentically reduced. Simultaneously a marked increase of a ratios P-450B to P-450L and b5 to P-450 and reduction of a hexenal sleep duration were determined. The amount of excreted polar 17-OCS was also decreased in animals fed sunflower oil. Probable mechanisms of hypoallergenic action of dietary sunflower oil were conditioned by reorganization of liver cytochrome P-450 system and respective alterations of 17-OCS metabolism are discussed.

[Changes of anaphylactic sensitivity to some food proteins and aflatoxin B1 in guinea pigs]. / Izmenenie anafilakticheskoi chuvstvitelnosti morskikh svinok k nekotorym pishchevym belkam pod vliianiem aflatoksina B1.

The study was made of aflatoxin B1 effect on guinea pig alimentary anaphylaxis to chicken ovalbumin (CO) and pasteurized cow milk (PCM), of CO-specific IgG antibody levels, some serum indices, sensitivity of the animals to LD50 histamine. In response to aflatoxin B1 alimentary anaphylaxis both to CO and PCM became more severe, lethality of the anaphylaxis to CO being in logarithmic relation to aflatoxin B1 dose (p < 0.05); specific IgG-antibodies to CO grew in number; serum total protein increased against unchanged levels of albumins; the activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase inhibited; histamine shock gained severity, its lethality being logarithmically related to the aflatoxin B1 dose. The discussion covers mechanisms underlying the animal allergic reactivity responses to aflatoxin B1.

[Effect of milk proteins and their enzymatic hydrolyzates on non-specific resistance of some systems to food allergens]. / Vliianie belkov moloka i poluchennykh na ikh osnove fermentativnykh gidrolizatov na sostoianie nekotorykh sistem, obespechivaiushchikh nespetsificheskuiu rezistentnost k pishchevym allergiziruiushchim vozdeistviiam.

Noninbred male guinea-pigs (b. mass 250-300 g) were kept for 35 days on diets in which 50% of standard proteins were replaced for cow milk protein (CMP) 20/80 and its enzymatic hydrolyzate (EH) 20/80 obtained by ultrafiltration. CMP 20/80 and EH 20/80 have been examined for the effect on proteolytic activity of gastric mucosa, small intestinal activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin, hepatic cytochrome P-450 and metabolism of excreted 17-OCS. The animals given EH 20/80 exhibited enhanced total proteolytic activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin, higher total levels of cytochromes P-450 and P-450B in the liver, increased urine excretion of 17-OCS, reduced amount of polar forms in all the glucocorticoid fractions. Potential mechanisms securing the action of enzymatic hydrolyzates on the systems responsible for nonspecific resistance to food allergens are suggested for discussion.

[Characteristics of food anaphylactic reactions to proteins and protein preparations in guinea pigs with different duration of hexenal-induced sleep]. / Osobennosti reaktsii pishchevoi anafilaksii na belki i belkovye preparaty u morskikh svinok s razlichnoi prodol-zhitel'nost'iu geksenalovogo sna.

The state of guinea pig sensitization was studied in the direct test in vivo by induction of active food anaphylaxis (FA). The animals were orally sensitized with food allergens: chick ovalbumin (OVA), bovine serum albumin, and protein preparations N 1 and N 2 (PP N 1 and N 2). In guinea pigs with null hexenal-induced sleep (NHS) and long hexenal-induced sleep (LHS), 40 min, the duration of HS is reliably reproduced in repeated testing. The intensity of FA reactions in guinea pigs with NHS was less manifested than in the animals with LHS with both food allergens. Significantly higher allergenic properties of PP N 2 were expressed in the animals with LHS. It was shown that varying anaphylactic sensitivity of guinea pigs in the above groups was not related with different permeability of the gastrointestinal tract of these animals for OVA macromolecules. Possibilities of metabolic validation of increasing anaphylactic sensitivity of guinea pigs with LHS have been considered.

[The effect of cow's milk and its hydrolysates on the metabolism of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and the functional state of the gastrointestinal tract in guinea pigs]. / Vliianie belkov korov'ego moloka i ikh gidrolizatov na metabolizm 17-oksikortikosteroidov i funktsional'noe sostoianie zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta u morskikh svinok.

Two groups of noninbred male guinea pigs (initial bw 250-300 g) received test rations in which 50% of standard ration protein were substituted for milk protein (P 20/80) and its enzymatic hydrolysate (H 20/80). The influence of P 20/80 and H 20/80 on some parameters of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) barrier function and 17-OCS metabolism was studied. The action of H 20/80 as compared to P 20/80 was expressed in the intensified excretion of free fraction of 17-OCS and glucuronides. The content of hydroxylated glucocorticoids increased in both fractions. At the same time elevated total proteolytic activity in the gastric mucosa and a tendency to decreased GIT permeability for chicken ovalbumin macromolecules were observed in animals that received H 20/80. It has been suggested that enzymatic hydrolysates of food proteins influence endocrine regulation of metabolic processes.

[Turnover of microsomal hemeproteins in the guinea pig liver during food sensitization]. / Osobennosti obnovleniia mikrosomal'nykh gemoproteinov pecheni morskikh svinok v dinamike pishchevoi sensibilizatsii.

A phase-dependent type of microsomal hemoproteins turnover in liver tissue, estimated by incorporation of 14C-amino-levulinic acid, was detected in guinea pig males in dynamics of alimentary sensitization (1, 7, 14 and 21 days) with ovalbumin and bovine blood serum albumin (BSA). The first phase was expressed as elevated catabolism of microsomal cytochromes simultaneously with a decrease in their turnover; the second phase involved an increase in the hemoproteins biosynthesis. Less distinct sensitization with BSA exhibited the shortened period of the first phase, while activation of aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline p-hydroxylase as well as considerably increased rate of microsomal cytochromes turnover were found during the second phase in liver tissue.

[A comparative experimental evaluation of the potential allergenicity of milk proteins and their hydrolysates obtained by different technological means]. / Sravnitel'naia éksperimental'naia otsenka potentsial'noi allergennosti nekotorykh molochnykh belkov i ikh gidrolizatov, poluchennykh razlichnymi tekhnologicheskimi sposobami.

Some samples of cow milk proteins and enzymatic hydrolysates prepared on their basis were investigated in experiments on male guinea pigs to elucidate their sensitizing properties and influence on sensitivity to histamine LD50. The data obtained are discussed with respect to a possible modulation of allergic reactions by the products of incomplete enzymatic proteolysis.

[An experimental evaluation of the hypoallergenic action of fat constituents for specialized therapeutic products]. / Eksperimental'naia otsenka gipoallergennogo deistviia nekotorykh zhirovykh kompozitsii dlia spetsializirovannykh lechebnykh produktov.

The influence of fatty compositions with varying proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) omega-6 and omega-3 on the manifestation severity of anaphylaxis to ovalbumin (OVA), whole pasteurized cow milk (WPCM), and sensitivity to histamine LD50 were investigated in male guinea pigs. Hypoallergenic effect to OVA and WPCM, decreased sensitivity to to histamine LD50 were manifested in the animals which received the fatty composition with a high ratio of omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA (24, 20). A correlation was established between the hypoallergenic action of the fatty composition and the content of medium- and long-chain saturated fatty acids in this composition. The results obtained have been considered with respect to the characteristics of the immunomodulatory effects of PUFA omega-6, omega-3 and saturated fatty acids.

[Turnover of liver hemoproteins in guinea pigs with various resistance to hexenal after peroral sensitization]. / Obnovlenie gemoproteinov pecheni morskikh svinok s razlichnoi ustoichivost'iu k geksenalu pri peroral'noi sensibilizatsii.

Patterns of hemoproteins turnover were studied in microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of liver tissue of guinea pigs with various duration of hexenal sleep; these patterns were calculated by means of modified procedure involving incorporation of 14C-aminolevulinic acid. Increase in turnover of microsomal cytochromes corresponded to decrease of their content in animals with short-term sleep simultaneously with a decrease in the lethal index after sensitization by means of ovalbumin.

[Complex experimental assessment of potential allergenicity of various isolates of soy proteins]. / Kompleksnaia éksperimental'naia otsenka potentsial'noi allergennosti nekotorykh obraztsov izoliatov soevykh belkov.

The complex evaluation was carried out of potential allergenicity of three soya protein specimens - IPS, IPS-1 and IPS-2 manufactured by Ardex R, USA, which were attended for employment as protein component of specialized infant formulae. The content of total protein, amino-nitrogen, peptide fractions of molecular weight below 9000 D, precipitating protein antigens, trypsin inhibitor, was studied in the specimens. The apparent digestibility was measured by a multienzymatic system in vitro. The allergenicity of isolates was compared by means of histamine LD50 resistance test in guinea pigs and also by the reaction of active anaphylactic shock (AAS). The evidences have been obtained that IPS specimen containing the lowest levels of trypsin inhibitor and small peptide levels is characterized by the lowest sensitizing activity in AAS and simultaneously decreases the animals' resistance to histamine in the highest degree. Apparent digestibility of all the three specimens did not differ significantly. A conclusion has been made that the evaluation is necessary of infant hypoallergenic formulae components by a complex of independent experimental data.

[Food sensitization of guinea pigs with enzymatic hydrolysates of milk whey proteins]. / Pishchevaia sensibilizatsiia morskikh svinok fermentativnymi gidrolizatami belka molochnoi syvorotki.

Adult guinea pigs received intragastrically solutions of milk whey protein concentrate (CWPM), its enzymatic hydrolysate (HWPM) and peptide fraction (PF) obtained by means of HWPM ultrafiltration. Milk protein antigen content of CWPM, HWPM and PF was preliminary characterized with two-dimensional and rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Undigested beta-lactoglobulin (beta LG) absorbed from the gut, was measured three hours after the administration by means of competitive radioimmunoassay. Administration of proteins was repeated twice with daily intervals. Twenty one days later the levels of circulating anti-beta LG antibodies were measured by Farr's method and then the reaction of active anaphylactic shock was triggered by intravenous infusion of whole skimmed milk. It was established that while antigens including beta LG content decreased in the rank of CWPM-HWPM-PF the absorption of beta LG into the blood serum and the violence of acute anaphylaxis decreased also. The largest level of specific antibodies to beta LG was detected in animals that received the hydrolized protein the fact being connected with the presence of aggregated beta LG in this preparation. The employment of ultrafiltration of enzymatic hydrolyzate leads to elimination of the majority of noninactivated antigens from the filtrate, consequence of this being the low level of animal sensitization by this preparation. It has been concluded that ultrafiltration technology has good advances in manufacturing hypoallergenic milk formulae.

[Effect of glycine on liver cytochrome P-450 and severity of experimental food anaphylaxis]. / Vliianie glitsina na tsitokhrom P-450 i vyrazhennost' éksperimental'noi pishchevoi anafilaksii.

Male guinea pigs, intact and orally sensitized with chick ovalbumin (OVA), having initial bw 250-300 g, received glycine intraperitoneally or orally in a single dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg/day, during 3 days. The specific volume of cytochromes P450 and b5 in the microsomal fraction of the liver, activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline-p-hydroxylase, severity of food anaphylaxis to OVA and the animals' sensitivity to intravenous histamine LD50 were studied. The inducing effect of glycine on the cytochrome P450 system in the liver was more pronounced in the presensitized animals, that was attended by a decreased severity of food anaphylaxis and by a protective action in respect to histamine LD50. Possible mechanisms of glycine action are considered regarding its participation in metabolic processes.

[Effect of the induction of liver cytochrome P-450 by a chemically inert fluorocarbon on the reactions of immediate and delayed hypersensitivity]. / Vliianie induktsii tsitokhroma P-450 pecheni khimicheski inertnym ftoruglerodom na reaktsii giverchuvstvitel'nosti nemedlennogo i zamedlennogo tipov.

The effect of chemically inert perfluorodecalin (PFD) on the development of hypersensitive reactions of immediate and delayed types in guinea pigs and mice was studied. It was found that administration of PFD to animals both before sensitization (mice) and during the development of sensitization (guinea pigs) reduced the degree of the both types of hypersensitivity.

[Effect of soybean trypsin inhibitor and chicken ovomucoid on the immunogenic and sensitizing properties of various dietary proteins]. / Vliianie soevogo ingibitora tripsina i kurinogo ovomukoida na immunogennye i sensibiliziruiushchie svoistva nekotorykh pishchevykh belkov.

Adult male guinea pigs were sensitized by intragastric administration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and chick ovalbumin (OA) and their mixtures with soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) and chick ovomucoid (OM). Sensitization of the animals was evaluated by the anaphylactic shock reaction and also by the levels of serum specific IgG antibodies against BSA and OA as measured in the solid phase radioimmunoassay. The experiment revealed pronounced desensitizing properties of SBTI combined both with OA and BSA. OM produced no effect on the animal sensitization caused by OA and enhanced the BSA-induced sensitization. The results obtained demonstrate the necessity of differential approach to the evaluation of the action of varying trypsin inhibitors on food sensitization.

[Arachidonic acid metabolites, leukotrienes--mediators of hypersensitivity and inflammation]. / Metabolity arakhidonovoi kisloty leikotrieny--mediatory giperchuvstvitel'nosti i vospaleniia.

A problem of leukotrienes--metabolites of arachidonic acid is reviewed in immunological aspects. Their nomenclature is given; basic pathways of biosynthesis, transformation and mode of leukotriens participation in hypersensitivity and inflammatory reactions are considered. The possibility of application of leukotrienes antagonists and inhibitors of their formation for allergic diseases treatment is discussed.