Analysis of the sleep period and the amount of habitual snoring in individuals with sleep bruxism.

BACKGROUND: The literature does not report any association between habitual snoring and sleep bruxism, but these situations can be a reason for frequent complaints of individuals, impairing the quality of life. This study was performed to investigate the sleep period and amount of habitual snoring in individuals with sleep bruxism observing expiratory, inspiratory, and mixed snoring. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 90 individuals were screened and divided into the following groups: with sleep bruxism (n=45) and those without sleep bruxism (n=45). Single night sleep polysomnography was performed to diagnose sleep bruxism, quantify habitual snoring and sleep period. The results were tabulated and submitted to a Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to compare the means of the two independent groups, considering the affected diagnosis of sleep bruxism, snoring (independent variables) and age as covariate. For the post hoc, was used correcting for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni test, P<.05). RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference among the groups ( p=.001) in the sleep period, in that individuals with sleep bruxism slept for a longer duration (with sleep bruxism group: 460 minutes and without sleep bruxism group: 401 minutes). There were no statistically significant differences among the groups for the number of inspiratory, expiratory and mixed snores, but was observed greater amount of snoring in the with sleep bruxism group. CONCLUSIONS: The main finding of this study is that individuals with sleep bruxism slept longer than the control group. It may also be suggested that individuals with sleep bruxism tended to increase the amount of habitual snoring during sleep.

[Analysis of the mechanical properties of the left ventricle in patients with aortic valve disease]. / Análise das propriedades mecânicas do ventrículo esquerdo em portadores de valvopatia aórtica.

The morphological and functional aspects of the left ventricle (LV) were assessed by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization performed simultaneously in 41 patients. Eleven were normal (N), 14 had aortic stenosis (AS) and 16 had aortic regurgitation (AR). Of the 14 patients with AS, eight were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I and II (ASA group) and six were in NYHA functional class III and IV (ASB group). Of the 16 patients with AR, seven were in NYHA functional class I and II (ARA group) and nine in functional class III and IV (ARB group). In the ASA group normal values of the LV function were obtained because of the development of an adequate hypertrophy that in normalizing the systolic stroke was able to keep a suitable function. In the ASB group there was a reduction of the LV function due to an increase of the systolic stroke and to the reduction of the contractile muscle state. Thus, in the whole AS group we found an inversed relation between the ejection fraction and the systolic stroke. In the ARA group we found a normal cardiac function as consequence of an adequate development of the LV dilation and hypertrophy. Despite the find of reduction of the contractile state, the systolic stroke normalizing was capable to keep the cardiac function at normal values. The ARB group presented an important depression of the cardiac function due the increase of the systolic stroke and to the decrease of the contractile state of the cardiac muscle.

Direct myocardial revascularization in young patients: analysis of 100 consecutive cases without operative mortality.

The authors studied a series of 100 patients submitted to direct myocardial revascularization before 40 years of age. One hundred and seventy-three saphenous vein by-passes and 4 mammary artery left descending coronary artery anastomoses were performed. There was no operative mortality and the late mortality was 2%. The period of postoperative clinical evaluation of the patients varied from 12 to 60 months (mean 32.0 months).