Dificuldades de tutores com deficiência no atendimento médico veterinário de seus animais / Difficulties of guardians with deficiency in the veterinary medical care of their animals / Dificultades de los tutores con deficiencia en la atención médica veterinária de sus animales

O presente artigo versa sobre as dificuldades enfrentadas por pessoas com deficiência (PCD), no atendimento médico veterinário. PcD representam 15% da população mundial, e enfrentam inúmeros desafios em sua rotina. A Constituição dá direitos iguais a todos os cidadãos brasileiros inclusive a PcD, entretanto na prática seus direitos de ir e vir são lesados, pois encontram dificuldades de acessibilidade, comunicação e inclusão. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar, os desafios ergonômicos encontrados por tutores de animais domésticos que são PcD no município de Mineiros/GO, para acesso ao atendimento médico veterinário, bem como analisar os pontos principais que dificultam esse atendimento. Essa pesquisa contou com a realização de duas etapas distintas, sendo a primeira etapa referente a análise de acessibilidade aos estabelecimentos veterinários do município de Mineiros, e posteriormente a aplicação de questionário semiestruturado, online, voltado para as dificuldades enfrentadas por tutores com deficiência ao atendimento médico veterinário, sendo composto de oito alternativas, disponibilizado por meio de link em rede social de colaboradores do projeto. Por meio desse estudo, foi possível identificar dificuldades específicas em questão de transitabilidade e comunicabilidade enfrentadas por PcD, em atendimento médico veterinário e outros serviços veterinários, no município de Mineiros-GO, e reforça que nenhum estabelecimento veterinário atendeu sobre maneira todos os itens necessários em seu ponto de entrada. Esse estudo conclui que a acessibilidade aos serviços veterinários por tutores de animais que são PcDs informacional no município de Mineiros/GO se dá de forma parcial, visto que o acesso efetivo à informação no espaço físico apresenta ausência de requisitos elencados nas normas e recomendações de acessibilidade, embora haja ausência de requisitos elencados nas normas e recomendações de acessibilidade, embora haja instrumentos adequados e convenientes para prestação de serviços e produtos informacionais adaptados para este público. Ocorrendo da mesma maneira no quesito comunicação, onde parte dos PcDs entrevistados, enfrentam dificuldades de compreensão no atendimento, por funcionários e profissionais médicos veterinários, evidenciando a importância do atendimento humanizado, considerando as necessidades do tutor que é PcD pela classe veterinária.

This paper deals with the difficulties faced by people with disabilities (PwD) in veterinary medical care. PwD represent 15% of the world population and face numerous challenges in their routine. The Constitution gives equal rights to all Brazilian citizens, including PwD; however in practice their rights to come and go are harmed, as they face difficulties in accessibility, communication and inclusion. This work aims to present the ergonomic challenges encountered by tutors of domestic animals that are PwD in the city of Mineiros/GO, for access to veterinary medical care, as well as to analyze the main points that hinder this care. This research consisted of two distinct steps, the first step being the analysis of accessibility to veterinary establishments in the city of Mineiros, and later the application of a semi-structured online questionnaire, aimed at the difficulties faced by tutors with disabilities in medical care veterinarian, consisting of eight alternatives, made available through a link on the project's collaborators' social network. Through this study, it was possible to identify specific difficulties in terms of transitability and communicability faced by PwD, in veterinary medical care and other veterinary services, in the city of Mineiros-GO, and it reinforces that no veterinary establishment has adequately attended to all the items necessary for accessibility at the entrances to services. This study concludes that the accessibility to veterinary services by guardians of animals who are informational PwDs in the municipality of Mineiros/GO is partial, since effective access to information in the physical space lacks the requirements listed in the accessibility standards and recommendations, although there are adequate and convenient instruments for the provision of information services and products adapted for this audience. Occurring in the same way in the question of communication, where part of the PwD interviewed face difficulties in understanding the care, by veterinary staff and professionals, highlighting the importance of humanizing care, considering the needs of the tutor who is PwD by the veterinary class.

Esta articulación trata de las dificultades que enfrentan las personas con discapacidad (PWD) en la atención médica veterinaria. Las personas con discapacidad representan el 15% de la población mundial y enfrentan numerosos desafíos en su rutina. La Constitución otorga los mismos derechos a todos los ciudadanos brasileños incluidas las personas con discapacidad sin embargo, en la práctica, sus derechos de ir y venir se ven perjudicados, ya que enfrentan dificultades de accesibilidad, comunicación e inclusión. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar los desafíos ergonómicos que enfrentan los tutores de animales domésticos que son PwD en la ciudad de Mineiros / GO, para acceder a la atención médica veterinaria, así como analizar los principales puntos que dificultan esta atención. Esta investigación constó de dos pasos diferenciados, siendo el primer paso el análisis de la accesibilidad a los establecimientos veterinarios del municipio de Mineiros, y posteriormente la aplicación de un cuestionario online semiestructurado, dirigido a las dificultades que enfrentan los tutores con discapacidad en la atención médica veterinaria, compuesto por ocho alternativas, disponibles a través de un enlace en la red social de colaboradores del proyecto. A través de este estudio se logró identificar dificultades específicas en cuanto a la transitabilidad y comunicabilidad que enfrentan las PCD, en la atención médica veterinaria y otros servicios veterinarios, en la ciudad de Mineiros-GO, y refuerza que ningún establecimiento veterinario ha atendido adecuadamente a todos. los elementos necesarios para la accesibilidad en las entradas a los servicios. Este estudio concluye que la accesibilidad a los servicios veterinarios por parte de los guardianes de animales PwD informativos en el municipio de Mineiros / GO es parcial, ya que el acceso efectivo a la información en el espacio físico carece de los requisitos enumerados en las normas y recomendaciones de accesibilidad, aunque existen instrumentos adecuados y convenientes para la prestación de servicios y productos de información adaptados a esta audiencia. Ocurriendo de la misma forma en la cuestión de la comunicación, donde parte de las PwD entrevistadas enfrentan dificultades en la comprensión de la atención, por parte del personal veterinario y los profesionales, destacando la importancia de humanizar la atención, considerando las necesidades del tutor que es PwD por la clase de veterinaria.

Linfoma com manifestações periorbitais em um cão da raça fox americano: relato de caso / Lymphoma with periorbital manifestations in an american fox dog: case report / Linfoma con manifestaciones periorbitarias en un perro zorro americano: reporte de caso

Caracterizado como uma neoplasia maligna, o linfoma avança inicialmente em tecidos linfoides, mas pode apresentar-se em tecidos distintos. Os cães em comparação as outras espécies, tendem a manifestar o linfoma de maneira mais agressiva, independente do seu local de expressão. O presente trabalho objetivou descrever um caso de um cão da raça Fox Americano que apresentou aumento de volume da região periorbital e terceira pálpebra, sendo diagnosticado com linfoma, após exames ultrassonográfico e histopatológico. Após o diagnóstico definitivo de linfoma, iniciou-se o tratamento quimioterápico que teve duração de 19 semanas. Ao término do protocolo, o paciente apresentou remissão completa das manifestações oftálmicas, porém, foi orientado o acompanhamento mensal, e durante 3 meses consecutivos nas avalições o paciente não apresentou nenhuma alteração clínica. Conclui-se que quadros de linfoma podem apresentar manifestações que acometam a região periorbital, sendo de suma importância a avaliação clínica e realização de exames complementares para exclusão de outras doenças oftálmicas, e adoção de medidas terapêuticas efetivas.(AU)

Characterized as a malignant neoplasm, lymphoma advances initially in lymphoid tissues, but can present itself in different tissues. Dogs, in comparison to other species, tend to manifest lymphoma in a more aggressive way, regardless of their place of expression. The present study aimed to describe a case of a dog of the Fox American breed that presented an increase in the volume of the periorbital region and third eyelid, being diagnosed with lymphoma, after ultrasound and histopathological exams. After the definitive diagnosis of lymphoma, chemotherapy treatment was started, which lasted 19 weeks. At the end of the protocol, the patient showed complete remission of the ophthalmic manifestations, however, monthly follow-up was advised, and for three consecutive months in the evaluations, the patient did not present any clinical changes. It is concluded that lymphoma pictures can present manifestations that affect the periorbital region, being extremely important the clinical evaluation and accomplishment of complementary exams for exclusion of other ophthalmic diseases, and adoption of effective therapeutic measures.(AU)

Caracterizado como una neoplasia maligna, el linfoma avanza inicialmente en los tejidos linfoides, pero puede presentarse en diferentes tejidos. Los perros, en comparación con otras especies, tienden a manifestar el linfoma de forma más agresiva, independientemente de su lugar de expresión. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir un caso de un perro de la raza Fox American que presentó aumento de volumen de la región periorbitaria y tercer párpado, siendo diagnosticado de linfoma, luego de exámenes ecográficos e histopatológicos. Tras el diagnóstico definitivo de linfoma se inició tratamiento de quimioterapia, que duró 19 semanas. Al final del protocolo, el paciente presentó remisión completa de las manifestaciones oftálmicas, sin embargo, se recomendó un seguimiento mensual y durante 3 meses consecutivos en las evaluaciones, el paciente no presentó cambios clínicos. Se concluye que los cuadros de linfoma pueden presentar manifestaciones que afecten a la región periorbitaria, siendo de suma importancia la evaluación clínica y la realización de exámenes complementarios para la exclusión de otras enfermedades oftálmicas y la adopción de medidas terapéuticas efectivas.(AU)

Efeitos cardiorrespiratórios da dexmedetomidina isolada e associada à morfina na medicação pré-anestésica de cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva / Cardiorespiratory effects of dexmedetomidine alone and associated to morphine as premedicants in healthy bitches undergoing ovariohisterectomy / Efectos cardiorespiratorios de la dexmedetomidina aislada y asociada con morfina sobre medicamentos pre-anestésicos de perras sometidas a ovariohisterectomía electiva

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios da dexmedetomidina isolada e associada à morfina em pacientes submetidas à anestesia geral inalatória com isoflurano e submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva. Vinte cadelas saudáveis foram selecionadas a partir de exames físico e laboratoriais. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: dexmedetomidina (10 µg/Kg) (GD) e dexmedetomidina (10 µg/Kg) associado com morfina 0,3 mg/Kg (GDM), administrados pela via intramuscular (IM). Ato contínuo, o paciente foi induzido com propofol (à efeito) e mantido com isoflurano diluído em oxigênio 100% e administrado através de vaporizador calibrado. Foram aferidos os parâmetros fisiológicos: frequências cardíaca (FC) e respiratória (f), temperatura corporal (T°C), pressões arteriais sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) e média (PAM), saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina (SpO2), pressão parcial de gás carbônico no final da expiração (ETCO2) e isoflurano expirado (ETISO). A hemogasometria arterial foi utilizada para a análise do potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), bicarbonato (HCO3-) e pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (PaCO2). O procedimento cirúrgico teve duração máxima de 45 minutos. Os parâmetros demonstraram diferença estatística entre os tempos e grupos avaliados, de acordo com os testes de Tukey e Bonferroni (p<0,05). Observou-se bradicardia 30 minutos após a aplicação da medicação pré-anestésica e acidemia no período trans-anestésico. Apesar disto, tanto a dexmedetomidina isolada quanto associada, conferiram estabilidade hemodinâmica e respiratória, apesar da bradicardia e acidemia observada.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects of dexmedetomidine alone and associated with morphine. Twenty healthy dogs were selected from physical and laboratory exams. The animals were randomly distributed into two groups: 10 µg/Kg dexmedetomidine (DG) and 10 µg/Kg dexmedetomidine group associated with 0.3 mg/Kg morphine (GDM), administered intramuscularly (IM). The patients were induced with propofol (to effect) and maintained with isoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen and administered through a calibrated vaporizer. Physiological parameters were measured: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), body temperature (T°C), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (ETCO2) and end-tidal isoflurane concentration (ETISO). Arterial blood gas analysis was used to analyze hydrogen potential (pH), bicarbonate (HCO3-) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2). The surgical procedure lasted up to 45 minutes. The parameters showed a statistical difference between the times and groups evaluated, according to the Tukey and Bonferroni tests (p<0.05). Bradycardia was observed 30 minutes after the application of pre-anesthesic medication and acidemia in the trans-anesthetic period. Despite this, both dexmedetomidine alone and associated, provided good hemodynamic and respiratory stability, despite the bradycardia and acidemia observed.(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos cardiorrespiratorios de la dexmedetomidina sola y asociada con la morfina en pacientes sometidas a anestesia general por inhalación con isoflurano y sometidas a ovariohisterectomía electiva. Se seleccionaron veinte perras sanas a partir de exámenes físicos y de laboratorio. Los animales se dividieron aleatoriamente en dos grupos: dexmedetomidina (10 µg/kg) (GD) y dexmedetomidina (10 µg/kg) asociada con 0,3 mg/kg de morfina (GDM), administrada por vía intramuscular (IM). Posteriormente, el paciente fue inducido con propofol (en efecto) y mantenido con isoflurano diluido en oxígeno al 100% y administrado mediante de un vaporizador calibrado. Se midieron parámetros fisiológicos: frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y respiratoria (f), temperatura corporal (T°C), presión arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) y media (PAM), saturación de oxígeno de hemoglobina (SpO2), presión parcial de carbono dióxido al final de la expiración (ETCO2) e isoflurano expirado (ETISO). Se utilizó gasometría arterial para analizar el potencial de hidrógeno (pH), el bicarbonato (HCO3-) y la presión parcial de dióxido de carbono (PaCO2). El procedimiento quirúrgico tuvo una duración máxima de 45 minutos. Los parámetros mostraron diferencia estadística entre los tiempos y grupos evaluados, según las pruebas de Tukey y Bonferroni (p <0.05). Se observó bradicardia 30 minutos después de la aplicación de medicación preanestésica y acidemia en el período transnestésico. A pesar de esto, tanto la dexmedetomidina aislada como la asociada proporcionaron estabilidad hemodinámica y respiratoria, a pesar de la bradicardia y acidemia observadas.(AU)

Linfadenite caseosa intestinal em ovino / Intestinal caseous lymphadenitis in sheep

Background: Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL) is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacteriumpseudotuberculosis, which is considered the main agent responsible for abscess lesions. In the visceral form it can affect theinternal organs of sheep and goats, which could negatively affect animal health and cause large economic losses for producers.Case: This study aims to report a case of intestinal CL in sheep, with suspected diagnosis during physical examinationand identification during the performance of the oophorectomy procedure, adopted as a management approach. It is amixed breed sheep, aged over 5 years; weight 28 kg; emaciated on physical examination; with pale pink and moist eyelidmucosa; heart and respiratory rate: 81 beats/min and 22 movements/min, respectively; body temperature 39.2°C; ruminalmovements at 1 movement/min; without identification of lymphadenomegaly on palpation, however, it was observed thatthe right submandibular lymph node presented tissue retraction compatible with the healing process. For the surgical procedure, an 18-h fast was used and pre-anesthetic medication with 2% xylazine (0.1 mg/kg), 10% ketamine (5 mg/kg) and50 mg/mL tramadol (2 mg/kg) administrated intramuscularly. The animal was placed in the left lateral decubitus position,then was performed trichotomy and epidural administration of 2% lidocaine (4 mg/kg) and maintenance with propofol10 mg/mL intravenous dose-effect and oxygen mask 3 L/min, antibiotic prophylaxis was performed with 10% enrofloxacin(2.5 mg/kg). Flank oophorectomy was performed according to the classic technique and during...(AU)

Linfadenite caseosa intestinal em ovino / Intestinal caseous lymphadenitis in sheep

Background: Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL) is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacteriumpseudotuberculosis, which is considered the main agent responsible for abscess lesions. In the visceral form it can affect theinternal organs of sheep and goats, which could negatively affect animal health and cause large economic losses for producers.Case: This study aims to report a case of intestinal CL in sheep, with suspected diagnosis during physical examinationand identification during the performance of the oophorectomy procedure, adopted as a management approach. It is amixed breed sheep, aged over 5 years; weight 28 kg; emaciated on physical examination; with pale pink and moist eyelidmucosa; heart and respiratory rate: 81 beats/min and 22 movements/min, respectively; body temperature 39.2°C; ruminalmovements at 1 movement/min; without identification of lymphadenomegaly on palpation, however, it was observed thatthe right submandibular lymph node presented tissue retraction compatible with the healing process. For the surgical procedure, an 18-h fast was used and pre-anesthetic medication with 2% xylazine (0.1 mg/kg), 10% ketamine (5 mg/kg) and50 mg/mL tramadol (2 mg/kg) administrated intramuscularly. The animal was placed in the left lateral decubitus position,then was performed trichotomy and epidural administration of 2% lidocaine (4 mg/kg) and maintenance with propofol10 mg/mL intravenous dose-effect and oxygen mask 3 L/min, antibiotic prophylaxis was performed with 10% enrofloxacin(2.5 mg/kg). Flank oophorectomy was performed according to the classic technique and during...

Presença da mutação do gene BRCA1 em cadelas com tumores mamários malignos / Presence of BRCA1 gene mutation in bitches with malignant mammary tumors

Mammary tumors (MTs) in bitches are similar to breast cancers in women. Thus, they can be used as a model for human breast cancer and findings can be extrapolated for use in human medicine. BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene. When the gene has a mutation, it cannot repair damaged DNA, which causes genetic instability and tumorigenesis. Therefore, we aimed to study the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BRCA1 gene that are associated with distinct histological types of malignant MT in bitches. The study population consisted of 91 bitches, including a control group of 6 animals with healthy mammary glands and 85 animals with MTs. All animals underwent a presurgery evaluation consisting of a questionnaire administered to the person responsible for the animal, a physical examination, collection of peripheral blood for hematological and serum biochemistry evaluations, an electrocardiogram, and a preanesthesia evaluation. In addition, distant metastasis was studied via chest radiography and abdominal ultrasound. After evaluations were complete, the animals that could undergo surgery were administered general anesthesia and underwent a mastectomy or mammary gland sample collection. Histopathological examination and molecular analysis were performed to identify mutations in the BRCA1 gene. Histopathological examinations found 10 different types of malignant tumors in 36 sick animals. Tumor samples plus samples from the 6 control animals were subjected to DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, and genetic sequencing. The tumor with the highest incidence (33.33%) was a complex carcinoma, followed by carcinoma in mixed tumor (13.88), tubular carcinoma (13.88) and carcinosarcoma (13.88). Molecular analysis revealed 3 different SNP points in 5 samples (4006G>A, 3619A>G, and 3761C>T). The allelic variant 4006G>A (1/36) resulted in the alteration of the amino acid valine by isoleucine (V1336 I). The mutation 3619A>G (2/36) inserted the amino acid alanine instead of threonine (T1207 A). The mutation 3761C>T (2/36) led to the alteration of the amino acid serine by phenylalanine (S1254 F), a mutation for which there are no published reports. The histological types that showed BRCA1 mutations were complex carcinoma (1/5), carcinoma in mixed tumor (1/5), papillary carcinoma (1/5) and tubular carcinoma (2/5). Software analysis identified the new SNP (nucleotide 3761) in BRCA1 and 2 point mutations in nucleotides 4006 and 3619 and responsible for genetic instability. The development of breast cancer is caused by many endogenous and exogenous factors. The results of our study show that these factors have a greater presence in female, mixed breed, uncastrated, and older dogs, confirming the data in the veterinary literature. In the present study, we found different histological types of malignant breast tumors with mutations in the BRCA1 gene, as other authors have reported. However, we also found the mutation 3761C>T, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported in the literature. This shows the need for studies in veterinary medicine that assess mutations in the BRCA1 gene and the most common histological types. In conclusion, SNPs in the BRCA1 gene cause genetic instability, resulting in additional mutations that lead to the development of breast tumors. They are point mutations that affect transcription, resulting in truncated proteins. These proteins may have a loss of function, leading to carcinogenesis.(AU)

Influência de diferentes doses de butorfanol na anestesia com sevofluorano em papagaios-verdadeiros (Amazona aestiva) / Influence of different doses of butorphanol in anesthesia with sevoflurane in blue-fronted parrots (Amazona aestiva)

Background: Parrots frequently require veterinary medical care. To reduce their stress, it is necessary to use chemical restraint or anesthesia. The use of balanced anesthesia techniques such as combinations of inhaled and injectable drugs is recommended. However, there is a shortage of anesthetic and analgesic protocols and data on cardiovascular and respiratory variables in wild birds. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the analgesic, cardiovascular, and respiratory effects and the quality of anesthetic recovery in blue-front parrots (Amazona aestiva) anesthetized with sevoflurane in combination with various doses of butorphanol. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty-four clinically healthy animals, based on their clinical and hematological results (hematocrit and total plasma protein), were divided into 3 groups: 1- sevofluoran alone (GS); 2- associated with butorphanol at 3 mg/kg (GB3), and 3- 6 mg/kg (GB6) doses administered via the intramuscular (IM) route; digital clamping was used as a nociceptive stimulus. Induction and anesthetic maintenance were performed with sevoflurane at 5 and 2.5 V%, respectively, administered through a calibrated vaporizer and an anesthetic system adequate for the weight of the animals that were kept under spontaneous ventilation. It took 15 min after induction for the expired sevoflurane concentration (EtSevo) to stabilize, after which one intramuscular treatment was applied. The digital clamping was continued as a supramaximal nociceptive stimulus; if it presented a positive response, EtSevo increased by 10%, and when the stimulus decreased by 20%, digital clamping was repeated every 15 min until a positive response to the stimulus was observed. Heart rate (HR) and rhythm, respiratory rate (f), systolic blood pressure (SBP), EtSevo, expired CO2 (EtCO2 ), and body temperature (T°C) were measured during digital clamping. At the end, anesthetic...

Infusão contínua de duas doses de fentanil associadas à lidocaína e cetamina em fêmeas caninas anestesiadas com sevoflurano e submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva / Continuous infusion of two doses of fentanyl associated with lidocaine and ketamine for female dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane and undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy / Infusión continua de dos dosis de fentanila asociada a lidocaína y ketamina en perras anestesiadas con sevoflurane y sometidas a ovariohisterectomía electiva

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios de duas doses de fentanil associadas à lidocaína e cetamina em fêmeas caninas anestesiadas com sevoflurano e submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva. Foram utilizados 18 animais distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Os animais do grupo A (GA) receberam pela via intravenosa um bolus de fentanil de 0,0018 mg/kg e os do grupo B (GB) 0,0036 mg/kg, ambos associados a lidocaína 3 mg/kg e cetamina 0,6 mg/kg. Imediatamente após o bolus realizou-se a indução com propofol seguido do início da infusão contínua (IC) de fentanil na dose de 0,0018 mg/kg/h para o GA e 0,0036 mg/kg/h para GB, ambos associados a 3 e 0,6 mg/kg/h de lidocaína e cetamina. A anestesia foi mantida com sevoflurano diluído em oxigênio 100% a 1,5V% por meio de vaporizador calibrado que foi ajustado para a manutenção do plano anestésico cirúrgico. Os animais foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal e permaneceram sob ventilação espontânea. Foram avaliados os valores basais (T0), após indução (T1) e 5 (T5), 20 (T20) e 35 (T35) minutos de IC dos seguintes parâmetros: frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (f), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) e média (PAM), saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina (SatO2), pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (EtCO2) e o sevoflurano expirado (EtSevo). A análise estatística foi realizada através da análise de variância seguida do teste de Scott-knott. As diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando P< 0,05. A FC reduziu após 20 minutos de IC e a f, PAS, PAD e PAM diminuíram após indução anestésica. Tais diferenças não foram relevantes clinicamente e os valores se mantiveram dentro do limite fisiológico. Pode-se concluir que as duas doses de infusão contínua de fentanil produziram estabilidade cardiovascular e respiratória, além de permitirem a diminuição do requerimento de sevoflurano para a realização da ovariohisterectomia eletiva.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects of two doses of fentanyl associated with lidocaine and ketamine in canine females anesthetized with sevoflurane and submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy. 18 animals were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A (GA) animals received a loading dose intravenously of fentanyl 0.0018 mg/kg and those of group B (GB) 0.0036 mg/kg, both associated with lidocaine 3 mg/kg and ketamine 0, 6 mg/kg. Immediately after the loading dose, induction with propofol was realized followed by continuous infusion (CI) of fentanyl at the dose of 0.0018 mg/kg/h for GA and 0.0036 mg/kg/h for GB, both associated to 3 and 0.6 mg/kg/h of lidocaine and ketamine. The anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen at 1.5% by a calibrated vaporizer that was adjusted for the maintenance of the surgical anesthetic plane. The animals were placed in dorsal decubitus position and remained under spontaneous ventilation. Was evaluated the baseline values (T0), after induction (T1) and 5 (T5), 20 (T20) and 35 (T35) minutes of following parameters: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation in hemoglobin (SatO2), partial carbon dioxide (EtCO2) pressure and expired sevoflurane (EtSevo). Statistical analysis was performed through analysis of variance followed by the Scott-knott test. Differences were considered significant when P< 0.05. HR decreased after 20 minutes of CI and f, SBP, DBP and MAP decreased after anesthetic induction. These differences were not clinically relevant and the values remained within the physiological limit. It can be concluded that the two doses of continuous infusion of fentanyl produced cardiovascular and respiratory stability, besides allowing the reduction of the sevoflurane requirement for elective ovariohysterectomy.(AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los efectos cardiorrespiratorios de dos dosis de fentanil asociadas a la lidocaína y cetamina en perras anestesiadas con sevoflurane y sometidas a la ovariohisterectomía electiva. Se utilizaron 18 animales distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Los animales del grupo A (GA) recibieron por vía intravenosa un bolus de fentanil de 0,0018 mg/kg y los del grupo B (GB) 0,0036 mg/kg, ambos asociados a lidocaína 3 mg/kg y cetamina 0,6 mg/kg. Inmediatamente después del bolus se realizó la inducción con propofol seguido del inicio de la infusión continua (IC) de fentanil a la dosis de 0,0018 mg/kg/h para el GA y 0,0036 mg/kg/h para GB, ambos asociados a 3 y 0,6 mg/kg/h de lidocaína y cetamina. La anestesia fue mantenida con sevoflurane diluido en oxígeno 100% a 1,5V% a través de vaporizador calibrado que fue ajustado para el mantenimiento del plano anestésico quirúrgico. Los animales fueron colocados en decúbito dorsal y permanecieron bajo ventilación espontánea. Se evaluaron los valores basales (T0), después de la inducción (T1) y 5 (T5), 20 (T20) y 35 (T35) minutos de IC de los siguientes parámetros: frecuencia cardíaca (FC), frecuencia respiratoria (f), presión arterial sistólica (PAS), presión arterial diastólica (PAD) y presión arterial media (PAM), saturación de oxígeno en la hemoglobina (SatO2), presión parcial de dióxido de carbón (EtCO2) y el sevoflurane expirado (EtSevo). El análisis estadístico fue realizado a través del análisis de varianza seguida de la prueba de Scott-knott. Las diferencias se consideraron significativas cuando P< 0,05. La FC redujo después de 20 minutos de IC y la f, PAS, PAD y PAM disminuyeron después de la inducción anestésica. Estas diferencias no fueron relevantes clínicamente y los valores se mantuvieron dentro del límite fisiológico. Se puede concluir que las dos dosis de infusión continua de fentanil produjeron estabilidad cardiovascular y respiratoria, además de permitir la disminución del requerimiento de sevoflurane para la realización de la ovariohisterectomía electiva.(AU)

Photogrammetry and 3D prototyping: A low-cost resource for training in veterinary orthopedics / Fotogrametria e prototipagem 3D: Um recurso low-cost para treinamento em ortopedia veterinária

Rapid prototyping (RP) is an innovative technology that allows one to obtain a prototype of a mold quickly and accurately from a virtual model. This study aimed to establish the use of photogrammetry and 3D prototyping for the production of bone biomodels of the canine species for training in orthopedic techniques in veterinary medicine. Virtual bio-modelling was performed by the photogrammetry technique with commercial anatomical pieces, and physical biomodelling was performed by 3D printing. Osteotomies were performed on the biomodels that served as platforms for osteosynthesis of the femur and ileum, and the final product was not associated with a risk of biological contamination, was able to support special orthopedic materials, and was used for training and surgical planning. We concluded that the use of photogrammetry and RP for the production of bone biomodels of the canine species enabled techniques for fracture reduction to be performed with the use of special instruments, enabling training in the area of veterinary orthopedics in an economically viable manner with an alternative ­to experimental animals.(AU)

A prototipagem rápida (PR) é uma tecnologia inovadora que permite obter o protótipo de um molde com rapidez e precisão a partir de um modelo virtual. Esse estudo objetivou estabelecer o uso da fotogrametria e prototipagem 3D para a produção de biomodelos de ossos da espécie canina, para treinamento em técnicas ortopédicas em Medicina Veterinária. Utilizou-se a biomodelagem virtual através da técnica de fotogrametria de peças anatômicas comerciais e a biomodelagem física através de impressão 3D. Foram realizadas osteotomias nos biomodelos, que serviram para realização de osteossínteses de fêmur e íleo, sendo que o produto final não ofereceu risco de contaminação biológica, foi resistente para suportar matérias especiais ortopédicos, servindo para o treinamento e planejamento cirúrgico. Concluímos que a utilização da fotogrametria e PR para a produção de biomodelos de ossos da espécie canina, permitiu a execução de técnicas para redução de fraturas e capacitação na utilização de instrumentais especiais, possibilitando treinamento na área de ortopedia veterinária de maneira economicamente viável e uma alternativa em substituição aos animais de experimentação.(AU)

Aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamários em gatas / Clinical and histopathological aspects of 19 cases involving mammary tumors in cats / Aspectos clínicos y histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamarios en gatas

Objetivou-se avaliar os tumores de maior ocorrência e determinar seus possíveis fatores prognósticos, como: raça, sexo, idade, estado reprodutivo, uso de contraceptivos, número de lesões mamárias, localização e ulceração. Foram estudados 19 casos de neoformações mamárias em felinos no período entre 2013 e 2016. Os tumores mamários tiveram uma frequência de 100% em fêmeas. A idade dos animais variou entre dois e 14 anos (com média ± desvio-padrão de 9,76 ± 3,50), sendo a maior ocorrência em idosos e sem raça definida (SRD). Dos animais acometidos, 68,42% não eram castrados, evidenciando uma considerável influência hormonal. A maioria das neoplasias mamárias apresentaram características de malignidade, revelando um mau prognóstico para os indivíduos portadores. Portanto a avaliação deste conjunto de fatores prognósticos, associados ao diagnóstico histológico remeterá o protocolo terapêutico adequado.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the most frequent tumors and determine their possible prognostic factors, such as: race, sex, age, reproductive status, contraceptive use, number of breast lesions, location and ulceration. We studied 19 cases of new mammary neoformations in felines in the period between 2013 and 2016. Mammary tumors had a frequency of 100% in females. The age of the animals ranged from 2 to 14 years (mean ± standard deviation of 9.76 ± 3.50), the highest occurrence being in the elderly and undefined breed. Of the affected animals, 68.42% were not castrated, evidencing a considerable hormonal influence. The majority of breast neoplasms presented malignancy characteristics, revealing a poor prognosis for the individuals with the disease. Therefore, the evaluation of this set of prognostic factors, associated to the histological diagnosis, will refer the appropriate therapeutic protocol.(AU)

Se objetivó evaluar los tumores de mayor ocurrencia y determinar sus posibles factores pronósticos, como: raza, sexo, edad, estado reproductivo, uso de anticonceptivos, número de lesiones mamarias, localización y ulceración. Se estudiaron 19 casos de neoformaciones mamarias en felinos en el período entre 2013 y 2016. Los tumores mamarios tuvieron una frecuencia de 100% en hembras. La edad de los animales varía entre dos y 14 años (con media ± desviación estándar de 9,76 ± 3,50), siendo la mayor ocurrencia en ancianos y sin raza definida (SRD). De los animales afectados, 68,42% no eran castrados, evidenciando una considerable influencia hormonal. La mayoría de las neoplasias de mama presentaron características de malignidad, revelando un mal pronóstico para los individuos portadores. Por lo tanto, la evaluación de este conjunto de factores pronósticos asociados al diagnóstico histológico remitirá el protocolo terapéutico adecuado.(AU)

Parasitismo por Dioctophyma renale em cão: aspectos clínico-cirúrgico / Parasitism by Dioctophyma renale in a dog: clinical and surgical aspects

Background: Dioctophimosis is a parasitic disease caused by Dioctophyma renale, more commonly known as “giantKidney worm,” and can be found in other organs or free in the abdominal cavity, which is related to the patients eatinghabits. Most of the animals affected are asymptomatic. The diagnosis is made through ultrasonography, finding eggs ofthe parasite in the urine, or necropsy. The treatment of choice is nephrectomy of the affected kidney. We aimed to reportthe accidental diagnosis of parasitism by D. renale in an 8-year-old dog, which was surgically treated by nephrectomy ofthe right kidney after evident destruction of the renal parenchyma on ultrasonography.Case: An 8-year-old Boxer female dog underwent a physical examination and showed a mass in the region of the left caudal thoracic breast, bilateral alopecia on flanks, and purulent ocular secretions. Laboratory tests of complete blood count(CBC) and serum biochemical profile, X-ray examination, and ultrasonography were requested. Anemia was observedon the erythrogram, and enzymes (creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and albumin) were within normallimits. There were no abnormalities on X-ray examination, and abdominal ultrasonography showed slight splenomegaly,enlarged left kidney, reduced corticomedullary region, measuring approximately 7.63 cm longitudinally. In the rightkidney, loss of the renal parenchyma, measuring approximately 5.49 cm in diameter and the presence of a cylindrical androunded structure, typical of D. renale infection. After this, a urinalysis was suggested, which revealed the presence ofthe helminthic eggs, confirming the diagnosis. The owner was informed about the need for nephrectomy of the affectedkidney as treatment. The kidney showed destruction of the renal parenchyma. A single parasite was removed, measuringapproximately 46 cm in length. The patient was successfully treated and was hospitalized for...(AU)

Comparison of the effects of maropitant, lidocaine, and dextroketamine administered by the intratesticular route in dogs undergoing elective orchiectomy

Background: Balanced anesthesia achieved with combinations of inhaled and injectable drugs administered systemicallyor in loco-regional anesthetic blocks, is widely used in veterinary medicine. The use of anesthesia and/or local analgesiahas already demonstrated benefits in the performance of elective orchiectomy in different species, there is no literature thatevaluates the use of the maropitant intratesticular route. The present study evaluated the cardiorespiratory variables andanalgesia produced by intratesticular blockade with maropitant, lidocaine, or dextroketamine during the trans-operativeperiod along with the discharge and anesthetic recovery of dogs that underwent elective orchiectomy.Materials, Methods & Results: Used twenty-four dogs from routine elective orchiectomy, considered healthy based onthe results of clinical and hematological tests. The animals were randomly divided into three groups and was applied intratesticularly 2% lidocaine at a dose of 1 mg/kg (GL), 5% dextrocetamina at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg (GC), or 1% maropitantat a dose of 1 mg/kg (GM). Anesthesia induction was performed with propofol (to effect), and stabilization of inhalationalanesthesia was achieved with 1.7 V% of sevoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen administered through a calibrated vaporizerand appropriate anesthetic system based on the animals weight, being kept under spontaneous ventilation, After induction, we waited 10 min for stabilization of exhaled anesthetic concentration and then administered one of the treatmentsintratesticularly. After five min from the local block the surgical procedure was started during up to 15 min. Heart rate(HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure(MAP), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SatO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (EtCO2), end-tidal sevofluraneconcentration...(AU)

Aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamários em gatas / Clinical and histopathological aspects of 19 cases involving mammary tumors in cats / Aspectos clínicos y histopatológicos de 19 casos envolvendo tumores mamarios en gatas

Objetivou-se avaliar os tumores de maior ocorrência e determinar seus possíveis fatores prognósticos, como: raça, sexo, idade, estado reprodutivo, uso de contraceptivos, número de lesões mamárias, localização e ulceração. Foram estudados 19 casos de neoformações mamárias em felinos no período entre 2013 e 2016. Os tumores mamários tiveram uma frequência de 100% em fêmeas. A idade dos animais variou entre dois e 14 anos (com média ± desvio-padrão de 9,76 ± 3,50), sendo a maior ocorrência em idosos e sem raça definida (SRD). Dos animais acometidos, 68,42% não eram castrados, evidenciando uma considerável influência hormonal. A maioria das neoplasias mamárias apresentaram características de malignidade, revelando um mau prognóstico para os indivíduos portadores. Portanto a avaliação deste conjunto de fatores prognósticos, associados ao diagnóstico histológico remeterá o protocolo terapêutico adequado.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the most frequent tumors and determine their possible prognostic factors, such as: race, sex, age, reproductive status, contraceptive use, number of breast lesions, location and ulceration. We studied 19 cases of new mammary neoformations in felines in the period between 2013 and 2016. Mammary tumors had a frequency of 100% in females. The age of the animals ranged from 2 to 14 years (mean ± standard deviation of 9.76 ± 3.50), the highest occurrence being in the elderly and undefined breed. Of the affected animals, 68.42% were not castrated, evidencing a considerable hormonal influence. The majority of breast neoplasms presented malignancy characteristics, revealing a poor prognosis for the individuals with the disease. Therefore, the evaluation of this set of prognostic factors, associated to the histological diagnosis, will refer the appropriate therapeutic protocol.

Se objetivó evaluar los tumores de mayor ocurrencia y determinar sus posibles factores pronósticos, como: raza, sexo, edad, estado reproductivo, uso de anticonceptivos, número de lesiones mamarias, localización y ulceración. Se estudiaron 19 casos de neoformaciones mamarias en felinos en el período entre 2013 y 2016. Los tumores mamarios tuvieron una frecuencia de 100% en hembras. La edad de los animales varía entre dos y 14 años (con media ± desviación estándar de 9,76 ± 3,50), siendo la mayor ocurrencia en ancianos y sin raza definida (SRD). De los animales afectados, 68,42% no eran castrados, evidenciando una considerable influencia hormonal. La mayoría de las neoplasias de mama presentaron características de malignidad, revelando un mal pronóstico para los individuos portadores. Por lo tanto, la evaluación de este conjunto de factores pronósticos asociados al diagnóstico histológico remitirá el protocolo terapéutico adecuado.

Infusão contínua de duas doses de fentanil associadas à lidocaína e cetamina em fêmeas caninas anestesiadas com sevoflurano e submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva / Continuous infusion of two doses of fentanyl associated with lidocaine and ketamine for female dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane and undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy / Infusión continua de dos dosis de fentanila asociada a lidocaína y ketamina en perras anestesiadas con sevoflurane y sometidas a ovariohisterectomía electiva

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios de duas doses de fentanil associadas à lidocaína e cetamina em fêmeas caninas anestesiadas com sevoflurano e submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva. Foram utilizados 18 animais distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Os animais do grupo A (GA) receberam pela via intravenosa um bolus de fentanil de 0,0018 mg/kg e os do grupo B (GB) 0,0036 mg/kg, ambos associados a lidocaína 3 mg/kg e cetamina 0,6 mg/kg. Imediatamente após o bolus realizou-se a indução com propofol seguido do início da infusão contínua (IC) de fentanil na dose de 0,0018 mg/kg/h para o GA e 0,0036 mg/kg/h para GB, ambos associados a 3 e 0,6 mg/kg/h de lidocaína e cetamina. A anestesia foi mantida com sevoflurano diluído em oxigênio 100% a 1,5V% por meio de vaporizador calibrado que foi ajustado para a manutenção do plano anestésico cirúrgico. Os animais foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal e permaneceram sob ventilação espontânea. Foram avaliados os valores basais (T0), após indução (T1) e 5 (T5), 20 (T20) e 35 (T35) minutos de IC dos seguintes parâmetros: frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (f), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) e média (PAM), saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina (SatO2), pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (EtCO2) e o sevoflurano expirado (EtSevo). A análise estatística foi realizada através da análise de variância seguida do teste de Scott-knott. As diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando P< 0,05. A FC reduziu após 20 minutos de IC e a f, PAS, PAD e PAM diminuíram após indução anestésica. Tais diferenças não foram relevantes clinicamente e os valores se mantiveram dentro do limite fisiológico. Pode-se concluir que as duas doses de infusão contínua de fentanil produziram estabilidade cardiovascular e respiratória, além de permitirem a diminuição do requerimento de sevoflurano para a realização da ovariohisterectomia eletiva.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects of two doses of fentanyl associated with lidocaine and ketamine in canine females anesthetized with sevoflurane and submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy. 18 animals were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A (GA) animals received a loading dose intravenously of fentanyl 0.0018 mg/kg and those of group B (GB) 0.0036 mg/kg, both associated with lidocaine 3 mg/kg and ketamine 0, 6 mg/kg. Immediately after the loading dose, induction with propofol was realized followed by continuous infusion (CI) of fentanyl at the dose of 0.0018 mg/kg/h for GA and 0.0036 mg/kg/h for GB, both associated to 3 and 0.6 mg/kg/h of lidocaine and ketamine. The anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen at 1.5% by a calibrated vaporizer that was adjusted for the maintenance of the surgical anesthetic plane. The animals were placed in dorsal decubitus position and remained under spontaneous ventilation. Was evaluated the baseline values (T0), after induction (T1) and 5 (T5), 20 (T20) and 35 (T35) minutes of following parameters: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation in hemoglobin (SatO2), partial carbon dioxide (EtCO2) pressure and expired sevoflurane (EtSevo). Statistical analysis was performed through analysis of variance followed by the Scott-knott test. Differences were considered significant when P< 0.05. HR decreased after 20 minutes of CI and f, SBP, DBP and MAP decreased after anesthetic induction. These differences were not clinically relevant and the values remained within the physiological limit. It can be concluded that the two doses of continuous infusion of fentanyl produced cardiovascular and respiratory stability, besides allowing the reduction of the sevoflurane requirement for elective ovariohysterectomy.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los efectos cardiorrespiratorios de dos dosis de fentanil asociadas a la lidocaína y cetamina en perras anestesiadas con sevoflurane y sometidas a la ovariohisterectomía electiva. Se utilizaron 18 animales distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Los animales del grupo A (GA) recibieron por vía intravenosa un bolus de fentanil de 0,0018 mg/kg y los del grupo B (GB) 0,0036 mg/kg, ambos asociados a lidocaína 3 mg/kg y cetamina 0,6 mg/kg. Inmediatamente después del bolus se realizó la inducción con propofol seguido del inicio de la infusión continua (IC) de fentanil a la dosis de 0,0018 mg/kg/h para el GA y 0,0036 mg/kg/h para GB, ambos asociados a 3 y 0,6 mg/kg/h de lidocaína y cetamina. La anestesia fue mantenida con sevoflurane diluido en oxígeno 100% a 1,5V% a través de vaporizador calibrado que fue ajustado para el mantenimiento del plano anestésico quirúrgico. Los animales fueron colocados en decúbito dorsal y permanecieron bajo ventilación espontánea. Se evaluaron los valores basales (T0), después de la inducción (T1) y 5 (T5), 20 (T20) y 35 (T35) minutos de IC de los siguientes parámetros: frecuencia cardíaca (FC), frecuencia respiratoria (f), presión arterial sistólica (PAS), presión arterial diastólica (PAD) y presión arterial media (PAM), saturación de oxígeno en la hemoglobina (SatO2), presión parcial de dióxido de carbón (EtCO2) y el sevoflurane expirado (EtSevo). El análisis estadístico fue realizado a través del análisis de varianza seguida de la prueba de Scott-knott. Las diferencias se consideraron significativas cuando P< 0,05. La FC redujo después de 20 minutos de IC y la f, PAS, PAD y PAM disminuyeron después de la inducción anestésica. Estas diferencias no fueron relevantes clínicamente y los valores se mantuvieron dentro del límite fisiológico. Se puede concluir que las dos dosis de infusión continua de fentanil produjeron estabilidad cardiovascular y respiratoria, además de permitir la disminución del requerimiento de sevoflurane para la realización de la ovariohisterectomía electiva.

Comparison of the effects of maropitant, lidocaine, and dextroketamine administered by the intratesticular route in dogs undergoing elective orchiectomy

Background: Balanced anesthesia achieved with combinations of inhaled and injectable drugs administered systemicallyor in loco-regional anesthetic blocks, is widely used in veterinary medicine. The use of anesthesia and/or local analgesiahas already demonstrated benefits in the performance of elective orchiectomy in different species, there is no literature thatevaluates the use of the maropitant intratesticular route. The present study evaluated the cardiorespiratory variables andanalgesia produced by intratesticular blockade with maropitant, lidocaine, or dextroketamine during the trans-operativeperiod along with the discharge and anesthetic recovery of dogs that underwent elective orchiectomy.Materials, Methods & Results: Used twenty-four dogs from routine elective orchiectomy, considered healthy based onthe results of clinical and hematological tests. The animals were randomly divided into three groups and was applied intratesticularly 2% lidocaine at a dose of 1 mg/kg (GL), 5% dextrocetamina at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg (GC), or 1% maropitantat a dose of 1 mg/kg (GM). Anesthesia induction was performed with propofol (to effect), and stabilization of inhalationalanesthesia was achieved with 1.7 V% of sevoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen administered through a calibrated vaporizerand appropriate anesthetic system based on the animal’s weight, being kept under spontaneous ventilation, After induction, we waited 10 min for stabilization of exhaled anesthetic concentration and then administered one of the treatmentsintratesticularly. After five min from the local block the surgical procedure was started during up to 15 min. Heart rate(HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure(MAP), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SatO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (EtCO2), end-tidal sevofluraneconcentration...

Parasitismo por Dioctophyma renale em cão: aspectos clínico-cirúrgico / Parasitism by Dioctophyma renale in a dog: clinical and surgical aspects

Background: Dioctophimosis is a parasitic disease caused by Dioctophyma renale, more commonly known as “giantKidney worm,” and can be found in other organs or free in the abdominal cavity, which is related to the patient’s eatinghabits. Most of the animals affected are asymptomatic. The diagnosis is made through ultrasonography, finding eggs ofthe parasite in the urine, or necropsy. The treatment of choice is nephrectomy of the affected kidney. We aimed to reportthe accidental diagnosis of parasitism by D. renale in an 8-year-old dog, which was surgically treated by nephrectomy ofthe right kidney after evident destruction of the renal parenchyma on ultrasonography.Case: An 8-year-old Boxer female dog underwent a physical examination and showed a mass in the region of the left caudal thoracic breast, bilateral alopecia on flanks, and purulent ocular secretions. Laboratory tests of complete blood count(CBC) and serum biochemical profile, X-ray examination, and ultrasonography were requested. Anemia was observedon the erythrogram, and enzymes (creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and albumin) were within normallimits. There were no abnormalities on X-ray examination, and abdominal ultrasonography showed slight splenomegaly,enlarged left kidney, reduced corticomedullary region, measuring approximately 7.63 cm longitudinally. In the rightkidney, loss of the renal parenchyma, measuring approximately 5.49 cm in diameter and the presence of a cylindrical androunded structure, typical of D. renale infection. After this, a urinalysis was suggested, which revealed the presence ofthe helminthic eggs, confirming the diagnosis. The owner was informed about the need for nephrectomy of the affectedkidney as treatment. The kidney showed destruction of the renal parenchyma. A single parasite was removed, measuringapproximately 46 cm in length. The patient was successfully treated and was hospitalized for...

Infusión continua de dos dosis de fentanila asociada a lidocaína y ketamina para perros femeninos anesthetizados con sevoflurane y continuando ovaryohisterectomía electiva / Continuous infusion of two doses of fentanyl associated with lidocaine and ketamine for female dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane and undergoing elective ovaryohysterectomy / Infusão contínua de duas doses de fentanil associadas à lidocaína e cetamina em fêmeas caninas anestesiadas com sevoflurano e submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los efectos cardiorrespiratorios de dos dosis de fentanil asociadas a la lidocaína y cetamina en hembras caninas anestesiadas con sevoflurane y sometidas a la ovariohisterectomía electiva. Se utilizaron 18 animales distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. Los animales del grupo A (GA) recibieron por vía intravenosa un bolus de fentanil de 0,0018 mg/kg y los del grupo B (GB) 0,0036 mg/kg, ambos asociados a lidocaína 3 mg/kg y cetamina 0,6 mg/kg. Inmediatamente después del bolus se realizó la inducción con propofol seguido del inicio de la infusión continua (IC) de fentanil a la dosis de 0,0018 mg/kg/h para el GA y 0,0036 mg/kg/h para GB, ambos asociados a 3 y 0,6 mg/kg/h de lidocaína y cetamina. La anestesia fue mantenida con sevoflurane diluido en oxígeno 100% a 1,5V% a través de vaporizador calibrado que fue ajustado para el mantenimiento del plano anestésico quirúrgico. Los animales fueron colocados en decúbito dorsal y permanecieron bajo ventilación espontánea. Se evaluaron los valores basales (T0), después de la inducción (T1) y 5 (T5), 20 (T20) y 35 (T35) minutos de IC de los siguientes parámetros: frecuencia cardíaca (FC), frecuencia respiratoria (f), presión arterial sistólica (PAS), presión arterial diastólica (PAD) y presión arterial media (PAM), saturación de oxígeno en la hemoglobina (SatO2), presión parcial de dióxido de car

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects of two doses of fentanyl associated with lidocaine and ketamine in canine females anesthetized with sevoflurane and submitted to elective ovariohysterectomy. 18 animals were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A (GA) animals received a loading dose intravenously of fentanyl 0.0018 mg/kg and those of group B (GB) 0.0036 mg/kg, both associated with lidocaine 3 mg/kg and ketamine 0, 6 mg/kg. Immediately after the loading dose, induction with propofol was realized followed by continuous infusion (CI) of fentanyl at the dose of 0.0018 mg/kg/h for GA and 0.0036 mg/kg/h for GB, both associated to 3 and 0.6 mg/kg/h of lidocaine and ketamine. The anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen at 1.5% by a calibrated vaporizer that was adjusted for the maintenance of the surgical anesthetic plane. The animals were placed in dorsal decubitus position and remained under spontaneous ventilation. Was evaluated the baseline values (T0), after induction (T1) and 5 (T5), 20 (T20) and 35 (T35) minutes of following parameters: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation in hemoglobin (SatO2), partial carbon dioxide (EtCO2) pressure and expired sevoflurane (EtSevo). Statistical analysis was performed th

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios de duas doses de fentanil associadas à lidocaína e cetamina em fêmeas caninas anestesiadas com sevoflurano e submetidas à ovariohisterectomia eletiva. Foram utilizados 18 animais distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Os animais do grupo A (GA) receberam pela via intravenosa um bolus de fentanil de 0,0018 mg/kg e os do grupo B (GB) 0,0036 mg/kg, ambos associados a lidocaína 3 mg/kg e cetamina 0,6 mg/kg. Imediatamente após o bolus realizou-se a indução com propofol seguido do início da infusão contínua (IC) de fentanil na dose de 0,0018 mg/kg/h para o GA e 0,0036 mg/kg/h para GB, ambos associados a 3 e 0,6 mg/kg/h de lidocaína e cetamina. A anestesia foi mantida com sevoflurano diluído em oxigênio 100% a 1,5V% através de vaporizador calibrado que foi ajustado para a manutenção do plano anestésico cirúrgico. Os animais foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal e permaneceram sob ventilação espontânea. Foram avaliados os valores basais (T0), após indução (T1) e 5 (T5), 20 (T20) e 35 (T35) minutos de IC dos seguintes parâmetros: frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (f), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) e média (PAM), saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina (SatO2), pressão parcial de dióxido de carbônico (EtCO2) e o sevoflurano expirado (EtSevo). A analise estatística foi realizada at

Photogrammetry and 3D prototyping: A low-cost resource for training in veterinary orthopedics / Fotogrametria e prototipagem 3D: Um recurso low-cost para treinamento em ortopedia veterinária

Rapid prototyping (RP) is an innovative technology that allows one to obtain a prototype of a mold quickly and accurately from a virtual model. This study aimed to establish the use of photogrammetry and 3D prototyping for the production of bone biomodels of the canine species for training in orthopedic techniques in veterinary medicine. Virtual bio-modelling was performed by the photogrammetry technique with commercial anatomical pieces, and physical biomodelling was performed by 3D printing. Osteotomies were performed on the biomodels that served as platforms for osteosynthesis of the femur and ileum, and the final product was not associated with a risk of biological contamination, was able to support special orthopedic materials, and was used for training and surgical planning. We concluded that the use of photogrammetry and RP for the production of bone biomodels of the canine species enabled techniques for fracture reduction to be performed with the use of special instruments, enabling training in the area of veterinary orthopedics in an economically viable manner with an alternative ­to experimental animals.

A prototipagem rápida (PR) é uma tecnologia inovadora que permite obter o protótipo de um molde com rapidez e precisão a partir de um modelo virtual. Esse estudo objetivou estabelecer o uso da fotogrametria e prototipagem 3D para a produção de biomodelos de ossos da espécie canina, para treinamento em técnicas ortopédicas em Medicina Veterinária. Utilizou-se a biomodelagem virtual através da técnica de fotogrametria de peças anatômicas comerciais e a biomodelagem física através de impressão 3D. Foram realizadas osteotomias nos biomodelos, que serviram para realização de osteossínteses de fêmur e íleo, sendo que o produto final não ofereceu risco de contaminação biológica, foi resistente para suportar matérias especiais ortopédicos, servindo para o treinamento e planejamento cirúrgico. Concluímos que a utilização da fotogrametria e PR para a produção de biomodelos de ossos da espécie canina, permitiu a execução de técnicas para redução de fraturas e capacitação na utilização de instrumentais especiais, possibilitando treinamento na área de ortopedia veterinária de maneira economicamente viável e uma alternativa em substituição aos animais de experimentação.

Prolapso uretral em um cão da raça American Pit Bull / Urethral prolapse in a dog of the American Pit bull breed

Background: The urethral prolapse in dogs is a rare condition known by the protrusion of the urethral mucous membrane and the external orifice of the urethra. It is more frequently seen in young males, especially of brachycephalic breeds, for instance the English bulldog. Despite the pathophysiology of this disorder being little elucidated, it is believed that the cause is related to factors such as genetic susceptibility, excessive sexual behavior, traumas, abnormalities and urinary and prostatic problems. Due to limited reports on the subject, this paper aims to describe the clinical and surgical aspects of a case of urethral prolapse in a dog, surgically corrected.Case: Admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (HOVET-UFMT) a dog, American Pit Bull, 7 months old, with previous history of bleeding in the penile region and pain while urinating. In the physical exam it presented: intermittent bleeding via external ostium of the urethra, increased volume and protrusion of the distal urethral mucous membrane and the external orifice of the urethra, which was presenting a round shape mass, edematous and little congested of red-purplish coloring, evidenced by the passing of urethral probe. The diagnosis of urethral prolapse was confirmed and, after conducting laboratory tests and obtaining normal results for the species, the animal was sent to surgery. It was opted for the technique of resection and anastomosis of the protruded portion of the mucous membrane. After the anesthetic protocol, it was performed the trichotomy and antisepsis of region, the fenestrated drapes were properly positioned and the urethral catheterization was done, afterwards 3 points of support were produced with nylon thread 3-0, involving the urethra and the external portion of the penis.[...]

Detecção de periodontopatógenos em macaco aranha de cara branca (Ateles marginatus / Periodontopathogens detection in white-cheeked spider monkey (Ateles marginatus

Background: Control of oral lesions contributes directly to the survival, and welfare of captive animals, and studies show that the genus Ateles has a higher prevalence of widespread periodontal disease compared to other genera. Anaerobic microbial species, considered as periodontal pathogens, are part of the biofilm community that contributes to the development of periodontitis. The present study aimed to detect periodontopathogenos in the oral cavity of two captive white-cheeked spider monkeys (Ateles marginatus) submitted for assessment oral and subgingival curettage.Case: We evaluated one pair of captive white-cheeked spider monkeys, one male (A) and one female (B), of 15 years of age with an average weight of 7 kg. Animals were fed daily with rations for primates, including fruit, vegetables, and raw eggs. The animals underwent oral evaluation, and following the charting of odontogram and photographic documentation, both were classified with periodontal disease stage III, according to the AVDC (American College of Veterinary Dentistry). They presented with moderate periodontitis, characterized by a loss of 25 to 50% of periodontal insertion and exposure of furcation degree 2, measured through clinical survey. During intraoral review, animals underwent subgingival curettage with curette of Gracey on the surface of the canine vestibular (C) and four top bilateral premolars (4PM). Antibiotics were not used at the time of collection, for dealing with routine procedures of clinical evaluation. The animals showed an increase in the volume of hemorrhagic features in the vestibular region between C and the second pre molar (2PM) on the upper right. Incisional biopsy was collected immediately at the end of the assessment, for the purpose of histopathological analyses. The samples from subgingival collection were immediately deposited in microtubes containing 500 µL of 0.9% saline solution and kept at -18°C until the time of genomic DNA extraction.[...]