Ergonomics, design universal and fashion.

People who lie beyond the "standard" model of users often come up against barriers when using fashion products, especially clothing, the design of which ought to give special attention to comfort, security and well-being. The principles of universal design seek to extend the design process for products manufactured in bulk so as to include people who, because of their personal characteristics or physical conditions, are at an extreme end of some dimension of performance, whether this is to do with sight, hearing, reach or manipulation. Ergonomics, a discipline anchored on scientific data, regards human beings as the central focus of its operations and, consequently, offers various forms of support to applying universal design in product development. In this context, this paper sets out a reflection on applying the seven principles of universal design to fashion products and clothing with a view to targeting such principles as recommendations that will guide the early stages of developing these products, and establish strategies for market expansion, thereby increasing the volume of production and reducing prices.

Clinical and urodynamic evaluation in women with stress urinary incontinence treated by periurethral collagen injection.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the success of treatment with periurethral collagen injections in patients suffering from stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with bladder neck hypermobility and intrinsic sphincter deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty women suffering from (SUI) were selected and divided into GI (consisting of 13 women with SUI and bladder neck hypermobility) and GII (consisting of 27 women with SUI and intrinsic sphincter deficiency). Periurethral collagen was injected followed by a subjective evaluation (the need for urinary protectors) and an objective evaluation through urodynamic study before and after the treatment. RESULTS: It was noticed that after 9 months there was a decrease in the need of urinary protectors in the two groups. It was observed through the urodynamic study that either cure or improvement was achieved in 46% in GI and 40.7% in GII. There was a significant increase in the leak pressure in GII. Moreover, there was a decrease in the volume of urine leak in the two groups, being the results in GII statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the periurethral collagen injection is useful for the treatment of the SUI. The results in hypermobility are similar to those in intrinsic sphincter deficiency. In fact, it is a very simple out patient's procedure, with little side effects.

Clinical and urodynamic evaluation in women with stress urinary incontinence treated by periurethral collagen injection

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the success of treatment with periurethral collagen injections in patients suffering from stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with bladder neck hypermobility and intrinsic sphincter deficiency MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty women suffering from (SUI) were selected and divided into GI (consisting of 13 women with SUI and bladder neck hypermobility) and GII (consisting of 27 women with SUI and intrinsic sphincter deficiency). Periurethral collagen was injected followed by a subjective evaluation (the need for urinary protectors) and an objective evaluation through urodynamic study before and after the treatment RESULTS: It was noticed that after 9 months there was a decrease in the need of urinary protectors in the two groups. It was observed through the urodynamic study that either cure or improvement was achieved in 46 percent in GI and 40.7 percent in GII. There was a significant increase in the leak pressure in GII. Moreover, there was a decrease in the volume of urine leak in the two groups, being the results in GII statistically significant CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the periurethral collagen injection is useful for the treatment of the SUI. The results in hypermobility are similar to those in intrinsic sphincter deficiency. In fact, it is a very simple out patient's procedure, with little side effects.

An international perspective on the treatment of pediatric shock: the Brazilian experience.

Shock in the pediatric population has many preventable causes. Treatment of children in shock will depend on access to health services, training of health personnel, availability of diagnostic procedures, monitoring, and therapeutic measures. Countries will differ among themselves and within themselves in the care provided to children developing shock. In Brazil, the majority of children are cared for in public hospitals, which often lack resources for basic care. Many children in shock do not even reach healthcare services. Investment in training healthcare personnel in a simplified and systematic approach to shock and access to equipped health services are basic to improved outcomes in the treatment of pediatric shock. The Brazilian experience in the treatment of children in shock outside hospital facilities, in the emergency department, and in the ICU is described.

The female street children of Rio de Janeiro: a qualitative study of their backgrounds.

A study of female street children using qualitative methodology revealed a family background of poverty, neglect, and violence as key factors in girls taking to the streets. Lack of any form of services, either social or medical, which could provide a safety net around dysfunctioning families was striking. The role of Maternal and Child Health Services in addressing the problem of street children is discussed.