Organic fertilization as an alternative to the chemical in cherry tomato growing under irrigation depths

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of organic fertilization as an alternative to the chemical on the yield and quality of cherry tomato grown under different irrigation depths in protected environment, in 2013 and 2014. The experimental design was in randomized blocks (5 x 3 factor), with five irrigation depths as the factors (70%, 85%, 100%, 115% and 130% of ETc) and three types of fertilization: no fertilized soil (control), NPK fertilized soil (Chemical) and earthworm humus fertilized soil (organic). The following were evaluated in this study: water use efficiency, number of aborted flowers, total soluble solid content, transverse and longitudinal diameter of the fruits, number of fruits and fruit yield per plant. Organic fertilization is an alternative to the chemical with no losses in yield and fruit quality. The increase in water depth enhanced yield and fruit diameters and reduced water use efficiency. Water use efficiency was more sensitive to the increments in water depth than to different types of fertilization. The values ​​of °Brix obtained in the experiment were classified as acceptable for the domestic and international market when submitted to organic fertilization.

Characterization of the hydraulic performance of self-compensating emitters with water of different salt concentrations / Caracterização da performance hidráulica de emissor autocompensante com água de diferentes concentrações salinas

The aim of the present study was to evaluate hydraulic characteristics such as manufacturing and flow variation coefficient, characteristic equation of self-compensating emitters and the variation between nominal flow and that obtained by the emitter equation using waters of different salt concentrations. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Academic Unit of the Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande-PB. Treatments consisted of five salinity levels in the irrigation water (ECwi) (0.6; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5 dS m-1 at 25 ° C) and four working pressures (60, 100, 140, and 160 kPa), with three replicates. The flow variations of emitters were considered small over time, being within recommendation of ± 7% of the nominal flow with “x” exponent values between 0.02 and 0.09, as recommended by the manufacturer, which was classified as self-compensating. The manufacturing and flow variation coefficients were considered excellent in all evaluations and the operating time did not influence the hydraulic performance of emitters. At pressure of 60 kPa and electric conductivity of 0.6 dS m-1, flow rates near values provided by the manufacturer and more economically viable to the farmer were obtained.(AU)

Objetivou-se, com o presente estudo, avaliar as características hidráulicas, como coeficiente de variação de fabricação e vazão, equação característica do emissor autocompensante e a variação entre a vazão nominal e a obtida pela equação do emissor utilizando águas de diferentes concentrações salinas. A pesquisa foi conduzida na casa de vegetação da Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande-PB. Os tratamentos foram compostos por cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (CEai) (0,6; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5 e 4,5 dS m-1 a 25 °C) e quatro pressões de serviço (60, 100, 140, e 160 kPa), com três repetições. As variações de vazão dos emissores foram consideradas pequenas ao longo do tempo, de modo que estavam dentro da recomendação de ± 7% da vazão nominal, com valores de expoente “x” entre 0,02 e 0,09, segundo recomendação do fabricante, que os classificou como autocompensantes . Os Coeficientes de variação de fabricação e de vazão foram considerados excelentes em todas as avaliações e o tempo de funcionamento não influenciou no desempenho hidráulico dos emissores. Na pressão de 60 kPa associada à condutividade elétrica da água de 0,6 dS m-1, obtiveram-se vazões dos emissores mais próximas da declarada pelo fabricante e a mais economicamente viáveis ao produtor.(AU)

Characterization of the hydraulic performance of self-compensating emitters with water of different salt concentrations / Caracterização da performance hidráulica de emissor autocompensante com água de diferentes concentrações salinas

The aim of the present study was to evaluate hydraulic characteristics such as manufacturing and flow variation coefficient, characteristic equation of self-compensating emitters and the variation between nominal flow and that obtained by the emitter equation using waters of different salt concentrations. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Academic Unit of the Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande-PB. Treatments consisted of five salinity levels in the irrigation water (ECwi) (0.6; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5 dS m-1 at 25 ° C) and four working pressures (60, 100, 140, and 160 kPa), with three replicates. The flow variations of emitters were considered small over time, being within recommendation of ± 7% of the nominal flow with “x” exponent values between 0.02 and 0.09, as recommended by the manufacturer, which was classified as self-compensating. The manufacturing and flow variation coefficients were considered excellent in all evaluations and the operating time did not influence the hydraulic performance of emitters. At pressure of 60 kPa and electric conductivity of 0.6 dS m-1, flow rates near values provided by the manufacturer and more economically viable to the farmer were obtained.

Objetivou-se, com o presente estudo, avaliar as características hidráulicas, como coeficiente de variação de fabricação e vazão, equação característica do emissor autocompensante e a variação entre a vazão nominal e a obtida pela equação do emissor utilizando águas de diferentes concentrações salinas. A pesquisa foi conduzida na casa de vegetação da Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande-PB. Os tratamentos foram compostos por cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (CEai) (0,6; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5 e 4,5 dS m-1 a 25 °C) e quatro pressões de serviço (60, 100, 140, e 160 kPa), com três repetições. As variações de vazão dos emissores foram consideradas pequenas ao longo do tempo, de modo que estavam dentro da recomendação de ± 7% da vazão nominal, com valores de expoente “x” entre 0,02 e 0,09, segundo recomendação do fabricante, que os classificou como autocompensantes . Os Coeficientes de variação de fabricação e de vazão foram considerados excelentes em todas as avaliações e o tempo de funcionamento não influenciou no desempenho hidráulico dos emissores. Na pressão de 60 kPa associada à condutividade elétrica da água de 0,6 dS m-1, obtiveram-se vazões dos emissores mais próximas da declarada pelo fabricante e a mais economicamente viáveis ao produtor.