RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Sepsis is a leading precipitant of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and is associated with a high mortality rate. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the risk factors for dialysis and mortality in a cohort of AKI patients of predominantly septic etiology. METHODS: Adult patients from an ICU for whom nephrology consultation was requested were included. End-stage chronic renal failure and kidney transplant patients were excluded. RESULTS: 114 patients were followed. Most had sepsis (84%), AKIN stage 3 (69%) and oliguria (62%) at first consultation. Dialysis was performed in 66% and overall mortality was 70%. Median serum creatinine in survivors and non-survivors was 3.95 mg/dl (2.63 - 5.28) and 2.75 mg/dl (1.81 - 3.69), respectively. In the multivariable models, oliguria and serum urea were positively associated with dialysis; otherwise, a lower serum creatinine at first consultation was independently associated with higher mortality. CONCLUSION: In a cohort of septic AKI, oliguria and serum urea were the main indications for dialysis. We also described an inverse association between serum creatinine and mortality. Potential explanations for this finding include: delay in diagnosis, fluid overload with hemodilution of serum creatinine or poor nutritional status. This finding may also help to explain the low discriminative power of general severity scores - that assign higher risks to higher creatinine levels - in septic AKI patients.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda/sangre , Lesión Renal Aguda/mortalidad , Creatinina/sangre , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Humanos , Pruebas de Función Renal , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Medición de RiesgoRESUMEN
Introduction: Sepsis is a leading precipitant of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and is associated with a high mortality rate. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the risk factors for dialysis and mortality in a cohort of AKI patients of predominantly septic etiology. Methods: Adult patients from an ICU for whom nephrology consultation was requested were included. End-stage chronic renal failure and kidney transplant patients were excluded. Results: 114 patients were followed. Most had sepsis (84%), AKIN stage 3 (69%) and oliguria (62%) at first consultation. Dialysis was performed in 66% and overall mortality was 70%. Median serum creatinine in survivors and non-survivors was 3.95 mg/dl (2.63 - 5.28) and 2.75 mg/dl (1.81 - 3.69), respectively. In the multivariable models, oliguria and serum urea were positively associated with dialysis; otherwise, a lower serum creatinine at first consultation was independently associated with higher mortality. Conclusion: In a cohort of septic AKI, oliguria and serum urea were the main indications for dialysis. We also described an inverse association between serum creatinine and mortality. Potential explanations for this finding include: delay in diagnosis, fluid overload with hemodilution of serum creatinine or poor nutritional status. This finding may also help to explain the low discriminative power of general severity scores - that assign higher risks to higher creatinine levels - in septic AKI patients. .
Introdução: A sepse é considerada importante causa de Lesão Renal Aguda (LRA) em pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), sendo esta síndrome associada à elevada mortalidade. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores de risco para diálise e mortalidade em uma coorte de pacientes com LRA de etiologia predominantemente séptica. Métodos: Pacientes adultos com LRA internados em UTI avaliados pela equipe da nefrologia, sendo excluídos portadores de doença renal crônica terminal e transplantados renais. Resultados: 114 pacientes foram incluídos. A maioria apresentou sepse (84%), estágio AKIN 3 (69%) e oligúria (69%) na primeira consulta nefrológica. Diálise foi realizada em 66%; a mortalidade geral foi de 70%. A creatinina mediana nos sobreviventes e não sobreviventes foi 3,95 mg/dl (2,63 - 5,28) and 2,75 mg/dl (1,81 - 3,69). Nos modelos multivariáveis, oligúria e a ureia sérica foram positivamente associadas com diálise; entretanto, menor creatinina sérica na primeira consulta foi independentemente associada com maior mortalidade. Conclusão: Nesta coorte de pacientes com LRA de etiologia predominantemente séptica, oligúria e a ureia sérica foram as principais indicações de diálise. Também observamos associação inversa entre a creatinina sérica e mortalidade. Possíveis justificativas para esse achado são avaliação nefrológica tardia, sobrecarga volêmica com hemodiluição da creatinina sérica ou desnutrição. Este achado pode, ainda, ajudar a explicar o baixo poder discriminativo dos escores gerais de gravidade, que atribuem maior pontuação a valores maiores de creatinina, em pacientes críticos com LRA. .