RESUMEN
Intergeneric somatic hybrids between embryogenic callus-derived protoplasts of round kumquat (Fortunella japonica Swingle) and 'Morita navel' orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) were produced by electrofusion. Among the eight different fusion strains obtained, six showed normal morphology, whereas the remaining two showed malformation. All the regenerated plants were intermediate in leaf morphology and had thick and round leaves, which are typical characteristics of polyploids. Ploidy analyses by flow cytometry and chromosome counting in root-tip cells revealed that these plants are amphidiploid (2n=4x=36). Hybridity of the fusion products was confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) analyses. Furthermore, analyses of chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA by CAPS showed that these somatic hybrids contained cp- and mt-DNA of round kumquat without recombination in the regions analyzed.
Asunto(s)
Quimera/genética , Citrus sinensis/fisiología , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/fisiología , Rutaceae/genética , Rutaceae/fisiología , Cloroplastos/genética , Citrus sinensis/citología , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , ADN de Plantas/análisis , ADN de Plantas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Hojas de la Planta/citología , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Hojas de la Planta/fisiología , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/citología , Poliploidía , Recombinación Genética/genética , Regeneración/genética , Rutaceae/citología , Semillas/citología , Semillas/genética , Semillas/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Induction therapy for non-small cell lung cancer was reviewed. Surgical therapy remains the treatment of choice for resectable non-small cell lung cancer. However, postoperative survival of the patients with locally advanced NSCLC is far from acceptable. Several phase II and phase III trials have been attempted to define whether surgical resection after induction therapy provides better local control and survival than surgery alone. Most studies have reported high response and resectability rates, and long-term follow up of two randomized trials shows that patients having cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy prior to surgical resection were significantly more likely to have better 5-year survival than patients operated without preoperative treatment. However, the results of the randomized trials are still controversial owing to the relatively small and inhomogeneous population used. To identify the future direction of effort in improving the therapy of NSCLC, more sophisticated randomized prospective trials should be conducted.
