RESUMEN
Objective To characterize epidemiologically the aspects of incidence, treatment and complications of mandibular fractures in dentate, partially dentate and edentulous patients. Methods Data were collected from medical records of patients seen by the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Piracicaba School of Dentistry/UNICAMP, from January 1999 to October 2009. Results Were selected 738 adult patients, grouped into three age groups (18 to 30 years, 31-64 years and over 64 years), whose degree of edentulism was informed, being 330 dentition (45%), 367 partially serrated (50%) and 41 edentulous (5%). The ratio between male and female was 4:1, mean age of 31 years, with higher incidence in caucasians, and 81% were economically active. The most common causes were traffic accidents (54%), followed by assault (20%), falls (15%), sports accidents (4%) and work (4%). Condylar fractures accounted for 29% of all fractures, followed by fractures of the body (25%), symphysis (24%) and angle (19%). The only significant difference between the sites of fracture was found in the edentulous, which presented a low incidence of angle fractures. Conclusions It was observed that this population, homogeneous as to the cultural and socio-environmental factors, the dentate, partially dentate and edentulous behaved similarly as to the mandibular fractures resulting from trauma energies of similar intensities.
Objetivo Caracterizar epidemiologicamente os aspectos de incidência, tratamento e complicações de fraturas mandibulares em pacientes dentados, parcialmente dentados e edêntulos. Métodos Os dados foram coletados de prontuários de pacientes atendidos pelo departamento de Cirurgia Oral e Maxilofacial, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba/UNICAMP, de janeiro de 1999 a outubro de 2009. Resultados Foram selecionados 738 pacientes adultos, agrupados em três faixas etárias (18 a 30 anos, 31-64 anos e mais de 64 anos), cujo grau de edentulismo foi informado, sendo 330 dentições (45%), 367 parcialmente serrilhadas (50%) e 41 edêntulas (5%). A proporção entre homens e mulheres foi de 4:1, idade média de 31 anos, com maior incidência em caucasianos e 81% economicamente ativas. As causas mais comuns foram os acidentes de trânsito (54%), seguidos pelo assalto (20%), quedas (15%), acidentes esportivos (4%) e trabalho (4%). As fraturas condilares representaram 29% de todas as fraturas, seguidas de fraturas do corpo (25%), sínfise (24%) e ângulo (19%). A única diferença significativa entre os locais de fratura foi encontrada no edêntulo, que apresentou baixa incidência de fraturas angulares. Conclusões Observou-se que esta população, homogênea quanto aos fatores culturais e socioambientais, dentada, parcialmente dentada e edêntula, comporta-se de forma semelhante às fraturas mandibulares resultantes de energias de trauma de intensidades semelhantes.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This paper aims to evaluate in vitro the mechanical and microstructural properties of internal fixation systems used in oral and maxillofacial surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four brands of internal fixation systems (screws and 4-hole straight plates) were selected and assigned to four groups: G1 Leibinger®, G2 Tóride®, G3 Engimplan®, and G4 Medartis®. The systems were submitted to Vickers hardness testing, metallographic and interstitial elements chemical composition analyses. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Plates in groups 1, 2, and 3 showed similar microstructure and mechanical properties, different from those in G4 revealing larger grains. In all groups, the screws showed similar microstructure, with uniform arrangement and size of grains; the screws showed higher hardness values than those observed for the plates. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that all materials tested are adequate for use in oral maxillofacial surgeries.