RESUMEN
The traditional use of essential oils in aromatherapy has offered numerous health benefits. However, few scientific studies have been conducted with these oils to confirm their therapeutic efficacy. (+)-Limonene is a chemical constituent of various bioactive essential oils. The present study reports on the anxiolytic-like effects of (+)-limonene in an elevated maze model of anxiety in mice. At concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0%, (+)-limonene, administered to mice by inhalation, significantly modified all the parameters evaluated in the elevated plus maze test. The pharmacological effect of inhaled (+)-limonene (1%) was not blocked by flumazenil. Analysis of (+)-limonene using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed its volatility to be high. These data suggest possible connections between the volatility of (+)-limonene and its anxiolytic-like effect on the parameters evaluated in the elevated plus maze test. The data indicate that (+)-limonene could be used in aromatherapy as an antianxiety agent.
Asunto(s)
Ansiolíticos/farmacología , Productos Biológicos/farmacología , Ciclohexenos/farmacología , Alimentos , Plantas/química , Terpenos/farmacología , Administración por Inhalación , Animales , Ansiolíticos/administración & dosificación , Ansiolíticos/química , Productos Biológicos/administración & dosificación , Productos Biológicos/química , Ciclohexenos/administración & dosificación , Ciclohexenos/química , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Flumazenil/farmacología , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Limoneno , Masculino , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Terpenos/administración & dosificación , Terpenos/química , Factores de Tiempo , VolatilizaciónRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Acute external otitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease. AIM: The purpose of this study was to isolate, identify and determine the Antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms causing otitis externa (OE). METHODS: Twenty-seven swabs were taken from the ears of 27 patients with OE for culture and 22 microorganisms were isolate to evaluate sensitivity. In vitro susceptibility tests were performed by agar diffusion disk and results were interpreted according to Clinical Laboratory Standards. RESULTS: 10 Ear cultures were positive for S. aureus , 8 for P. aeruginosa, 5 for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus and 4 for fungal organisms (Candida albicans e C. Krusei). Gentamicin and quinolones were active against all bacteria tested and significant resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate was observed. The tested species of Candida had been sensitive to amphothericin B, nystatin, fluconazole and clotrimazole and resistant to miconazole. CONCLUSION: Acute external otitis is a polymicrobial infection and proper knowledge regarding microorganism etiology and susceptibility will contribute to rational antibiotic usage and treatment success.