Anatomia macroscópica interna e avaliação elétrica do coração de Bradypus variegatus / Internal macroscopic anatomy and electrical evaluation of the Bradypus variegatus heart

The Bradypus variegatus species presents peculiar anatomophysiological properties and many aspects of its organic systems still need to be clarified, especially regarding the cardiovascular system, given its participation in vital activities. Disorderly anthropic action has had drastic consequences in sloth populations and the need to treat sick and injured animals is increasingly common. To this end, the importance of knowing its characteristics is emphasized. Therefore, this study proposed to describe the internal macroscopic structures of the sloth's heart, as well as to measure the ventricular walls and indicate the electrical activity of the organ. For the dissections, 15 Bradypus variegatus cadavers were used (1 young female, 9 adults females and 5 adult males) belonging to the Área de Anatomia of the Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal (DMFA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recide, PE, Brazil. After they were fixed and preserved, the specimens received a midsagittal incision in the chest, followed by soft tissue folding and removal of ribs to access the heart. The organ was derived from the cavity and sectioned sagittal medially to identify its internal anatomy. Ventricular walls and interventricular septum were measured with a steel caliper (150 mm / 0.02 mm). An electrocardiogram was performed to determine the electrical profile on 5 healthy B. variegatus sloths, living under semi-livestock conditions at the Recife Zoo, PE, Brazil. The electrodes were taken from the regions, scapular and glutes of the animals that were called hugging a keeper during the procedure, carried out in the Zoo itself, using a portable device. Based on the data obtained, sloths have cardiac chambers separated by septa, however between atria and ventricles, in both antimeres, there are atrioventricular ostia, where valves are found, consisting of 3 valves on the right and 2 on the left. The atria are practically smooth inside and have their cavity enlarged by the atria, the right being larger than the left, these having a greater amount of pectineal muscles in relation to the atria. The ventricles have trabeculae and papillary muscles, 3 on the right and 2 on the left. These muscles hold the tendinous chords that connect the valves. The existence of trabeculae marginal septum was not evidenced. The thickness of the wall of the left ventricle, as well as that of the interventricular septum, proved to be greater than the thickness of the wall of the right ventricle, regardless of the age or sex of the animals. Based on the electrocardiographic recordings, the sloths presented sinus rhythm, with a heart rate between 67 and 100 bpm. The electrical axis ranged from -60º to -90º. The P wave is smoother than the QRS complex. While the S-T segment was classified as isoelectric. The T wave was shown to be + and predominantly > or = at 25% of the S wave, which characterized an rS type QRS deflection in both females and males. The general characteristics of the cardiac chambers in sloths are similar to those observe in other domestic and wild mammals. However, the presence of pectineal muscles associated with the atria and auricles differs from that observed in mammals such as the paca and raccoon and in birds such as the ostrich, which have trabecular structures in these cavities. The number of valves in sloths is equal to the anteater. However, it has a marginal trabeculae septum, not seen in Bradypus variegatus. According to the electrocardiographic findings, the rhythm was sinus, but much lower than that observed in the capuchin monkey, which also maintains arboreal habits.(AU)

Melanoma metastático em caprino / Metastatic melanoma in a goat

Background: Melanoma is one of the 5 neoplasia types of that most frequently affect skin and subcutaneous tissue, especially in Northeastern Brazil, where there is a high incidence of solar rays. It is a tumor that affects melanocytes and ischaracterized by diverse morphologies ranging from round to polygonal cells, including epithelioid cells, spindle cells,star-shaped or with a mesenchymal appearance, and presenting large amounts of melanin in the cytoplasm. The pigmentcan be found in the cytoplasm of macrophages, indicating the phagocytic activity at the site. The nucleus is basophilic,and mitotic figures are not numerous.Case: A 12-year-old female goat with a history of nodular lesion in the nasal region with progressive increase and recurrence was submitted to clinical evaluation. The tumor presented suggestive characteristics of melanoma, such as elevatedirregular and surface with a central region of black colored skin. After surgical removal of the nodule, recurrence wasobserved in infra-orbital and parotid regions with infiltration of the mandible. Hence, the malignant behaviour of thetumor indicated euthanasia of the animal. The owner authorized the procedure and the individual was then submitted tonecropsy at the Animal Pathology Sector of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Academic Unit of Garanhuns(UAG/UFRPE). At necropsy, findings included a tumor in the parotid region with infiltration to the mandible, multipletumors of black or grayish-white color in liver, multifocal nodules of grayish color in the right kidney and left kidney alsohad tumors of the same colorations, in the thoracic cavity, blackened spots were...(AU)

Melanoma metastático em caprino / Metastatic melanoma in a goat

Background: Melanoma is one of the 5 neoplasia types of that most frequently affect skin and subcutaneous tissue, especially in Northeastern Brazil, where there is a high incidence of solar rays. It is a tumor that affects melanocytes and ischaracterized by diverse morphologies ranging from round to polygonal cells, including epithelioid cells, spindle cells,star-shaped or with a mesenchymal appearance, and presenting large amounts of melanin in the cytoplasm. The pigmentcan be found in the cytoplasm of macrophages, indicating the phagocytic activity at the site. The nucleus is basophilic,and mitotic figures are not numerous.Case: A 12-year-old female goat with a history of nodular lesion in the nasal region with progressive increase and recurrence was submitted to clinical evaluation. The tumor presented suggestive characteristics of melanoma, such as elevatedirregular and surface with a central region of black colored skin. After surgical removal of the nodule, recurrence wasobserved in infra-orbital and parotid regions with infiltration of the mandible. Hence, the malignant behaviour of thetumor indicated euthanasia of the animal. The owner authorized the procedure and the individual was then submitted tonecropsy at the Animal Pathology Sector of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Academic Unit of Garanhuns(UAG/UFRPE). At necropsy, findings included a tumor in the parotid region with infiltration to the mandible, multipletumors of black or grayish-white color in liver, multifocal nodules of grayish color in the right kidney and left kidney alsohad tumors of the same colorations, in the thoracic cavity, blackened spots were...

Macroscopic description of small and large intestine of the sloth Bradypus variegatus

Background: Sloths of the species Bradypus variegatus are mammals with peculiar habits, which feed mostly young leaves of ‘embaúba and occur broadly in Central and South America. This specie has the greatest occurrence in Brazilian Northeast, making it a biological model for several researches in the fields as anatomy, physiology, genetics, pathology, histology and ecology, which provide data to literature in order to benefit maintenance and preservation of these animals. This study aimed to describe unpublished data about small and large intestine anatomy of the sloth Bradypus variegatus, in order to collaborate for knowledge of its digestive processes.Materials, Methods & Results: In order to perform this present research, 10 corpses of specie Bradypus variegatus belonged to the acquis of Anatomy Division, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology (DMFA); Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), with 5 males and 5 females, the study was authorized by Animal Use and Experimentation Ethic Committee license (CEUA-UFRPE), nº 034/2015. All 10 animals used had natural death, were obtained through a donation of CETAS Tangará (Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres - Wildlife Screening Center), and located in the city of Recife. Animals were dissected at abdominal and pelvic portion, from a median sagittal incision, followed by lateral folding of skin, muscle and withdrawal of pubis portion for exposition and description of intestines, with analysis of syntopy and measurement of these organs. A relation was observed among external holes of urinary, reproductive and digestive systems. A relation was still observed among intestines and stomach, liver, kidneys, bladder and abdominal cavity wall. Some animals had absence of sigmoid colon, ventral and dorsal descendent colon.[...](AU)

Macroscopic description of small and large intestine of the sloth Bradypus variegatus

Background: Sloths of the species Bradypus variegatus are mammals with peculiar habits, which feed mostly young leaves of ‘embaúba’ and occur broadly in Central and South America. This specie has the greatest occurrence in Brazilian Northeast, making it a biological model for several researches in the fields as anatomy, physiology, genetics, pathology, histology and ecology, which provide data to literature in order to benefit maintenance and preservation of these animals. This study aimed to describe unpublished data about small and large intestine anatomy of the sloth Bradypus variegatus, in order to collaborate for knowledge of its digestive processes.Materials, Methods & Results: In order to perform this present research, 10 corpses of specie Bradypus variegatus belonged to the acquis of Anatomy Division, Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology (DMFA); Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), with 5 males and 5 females, the study was authorized by Animal Use and Experimentation Ethic Committee license (CEUA-UFRPE), nº 034/2015. All 10 animals used had natural death, were obtained through a donation of CETAS Tangará (Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres - Wildlife Screening Center), and located in the city of Recife. Animals were dissected at abdominal and pelvic portion, from a median sagittal incision, followed by lateral folding of skin, muscle and withdrawal of pubis portion for exposition and description of intestines, with analysis of syntopy and measurement of these organs. A relation was observed among external holes of urinary, reproductive and digestive systems. A relation was still observed among intestines and stomach, liver, kidneys, bladder and abdominal cavity wall. Some animals had absence of sigmoid colon, ventral and dorsal descendent colon.[...]

Clinical biochemistry in Morada Nova ewes during pregnancy, partum and postpartum / Perfil bioquímico em ovelhas da raça Morada Novanos períodos de gestação, parto e pós parto

Biochemical parameters related to energy, protein, mineral profile and enzymatic blood activity in Morada Nova sheep during periods of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum were evaluated. Ten sheep, adult, raised in intensive system were used. The sheep were synchronized and covered with the same race player. From the 90 days of gestation, began the biological material collected for laboratory testing, and these were held in times: - 60 - 30 - 15 - 7 before delivery, the day of delivery, 7 and 15 postpartum days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical determinations. Significant variations were observed in all blood constituent during pregnancy: total protein (p<0.0001), albumin (p<0.0001), globulin (p<0.0001) urea (p=0.0049), creatinine (p=0.0005), plasma glucose (p<0.0001), cholesterol (p<0.0001), triglycerides (p=0.0011), fructosamine (p<0.0001), Ca (p<0.0001) P (p<0.0001) Ca:P (p=0.0088), Mg (p<0.0004), AST (p=0.0035), GGT (p=0.0197) and AF (p=0.0336). The gestational period significantly influences the biochemical profile of sheep in the transition period; these values can be used as reference for the Morada Nova, besides being used as diagnostic nutritional and metabolic disorders tools.

Avaliaram-se parâmetros bioquímicos relacionados ao perfil energético, proteico, mineral e atividade enzimática do sangue em ovelhas Morada Nova nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto. Foram utilizadas dez ovelhas, adultas, criados em sistema intensivo. As ovelhas foram sincronizadas e cobertas com reprodutor da mesma raça. A partir do 90 dias de gestação, iniciaram-se as coletas de material biológico para análises laboratoriais, e estas foram efetivadas nos tempos: 60, 30, 15, 7 antes do parto, no dia do parto, 7 e 15 dias pós-parto. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para determinações bioquímicas. Variações significativas foram observadas em todos os constituintes sanguíneos no período de gestação: proteína total (p<0.0001),albumina (p<0.0001), globulina (p<0.0001), ureia (p=0.0049), creatinina (p=0.0005), glicose plasmática (p<0.0001), colesterol (p<0.0001), triglicerídeos (p=0.0011), frutosamina (p<0.0001), Ca (p<0.0001), P (p<0.0001), Ca:P (p=0.0088), Mg (p<0.0004), AST (p=0.0035), GGT (p=0.0197) e FA (p=0.0336). O período gestacional influencia significativamente no perfil bioquímico de ovelhas no período de transição; podendo esses valores ser utilizados como referência para a raça Morada Nova, além de serem utilizadas como ferramentas de diagnóstico de transtornos nutricionais e metabólicos.

Clinical biochemistry in Morada Nova ewes during pregnancy, partum and postpartum / Perfil bioquímico em ovelhas da raça Morada Novanos períodos de gestação, parto e pós parto

Biochemical parameters related to energy, protein, mineral profile and enzymatic blood activity in Morada Nova sheep during periods of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum were evaluated. Ten sheep, adult, raised in intensive system were used. The sheep were synchronized and covered with the same race player. From the 90 days of gestation, began the biological material collected for laboratory testing, and these were held in times: - 60 - 30 - 15 - 7 before delivery, the day of delivery, 7 and 15 postpartum days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical determinations. Significant variations were observed in all blood constituent during pregnancy: total protein (p<0.0001), albumin (p<0.0001), globulin (p<0.0001) urea (p=0.0049), creatinine (p=0.0005), plasma glucose (p<0.0001), cholesterol (p<0.0001), triglycerides (p=0.0011), fructosamine (p<0.0001), Ca (p<0.0001) P (p<0.0001) Ca:P (p=0.0088), Mg (p<0.0004), AST (p=0.0035), GGT (p=0.0197) and AF (p=0.0336). The gestational period significantly influences the biochemical profile of sheep in the transition period; these values can be used as reference for the Morada Nova, besides being used as diagnostic nutritional and metabolic disorders tools.

Avaliaram-se parâmetros bioquímicos relacionados ao perfil energético, proteico, mineral e atividade enzimática do sangue em ovelhas Morada Nova nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto. Foram utilizadas dez ovelhas, adultas, criados em sistema intensivo. As ovelhas foram sincronizadas e cobertas com reprodutor da mesma raça. A partir do 90 dias de gestação, iniciaram-se as coletas de material biológico para análises laboratoriais, e estas foram efetivadas nos tempos: 60, 30, 15, 7 antes do parto, no dia do parto, 7 e 15 dias pós-parto. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para determinações bioquímicas. Variações significativas foram observadas em todos os constituintes sanguíneos no período de gestação: proteína total (p<0.0001),albumina (p<0.0001), globulina (p<0.0001), ureia (p=0.0049), creatinina (p=0.0005), glicose plasmática (p<0.0001), colesterol (p<0.0001), triglicerídeos (p=0.0011), frutosamina (p<0.0001), Ca (p<0.0001), P (p<0.0001), Ca:P (p=0.0088), Mg (p<0.0004), AST (p=0.0035), GGT (p=0.0197) e FA (p=0.0336). O período gestacional influencia significativamente no perfil bioquímico de ovelhas no período de transição; podendo esses valores ser utilizados como referência para a raça Morada Nova, além de serem utilizadas como ferramentas de diagnóstico de transtornos nutricionais e metabólicos.(AU)