Vulvar lymphangiosarcoma in a bitch

Background: Lymphangiosarcoma (LSA) is a rare, highly malignant and infiltrative neoplasm of the lymphatic endothelium of dogs and cats. It is mostly reported in medium to large breed dogs, over 5-year-old, with no sexual predisposition. Affected animals present fluctuating and diffuse swelling, covering both dermis and subcutaneous tissue, spreading through lymphatic and haematic vessels. Histologically, LSA is characterized by connected channels devoid of conspicuous haematic elements. Treatment depends on location of the neoplasm, staging, and possibility of curative surgical excision. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can increase survival time. In this report, we describe a rare case of vulvar LSA in a dog. This is the first Brazilian report of LSA in dogs so far.Case: A 3-year-old, female, mixed breed dog was presented for evaluation of vesicle-bullous lesions in the vulvar and perivulvar region with progressive growth along 6 month. Histopathology revealed neoplastic proliferation in the superficial dermis, advancing through the profound dermis. The histological lesion pattern was consistent with angiosarcoma, which united along with macroscopic pattern of the tumor, and the presence of multiple anastomosed vascular structures without erythrocytes within it at microscopy, was compatible with LSA. No evidence of metastasis or lymphadenopathy was found on survey radiography and ultrasound. We performed a surgical excision, and remaining wound was reconstructed with an advancement skin flap. Despite wide surgical resection, neoplastic cells could be found in surgical borders, as well as a metastatic inguinal lymph node. Postoperative chemotherapy based on doxorubicin as a single agent was administrated. Disease free interval (DFI) was one month after surgery, when small bullous lesions were observed near the surgical site, and histopathological exam confirmed LSA...

Vulvar lymphangiosarcoma in a bitch

Background: Lymphangiosarcoma (LSA) is a rare, highly malignant and infiltrative neoplasm of the lymphatic endothelium of dogs and cats. It is mostly reported in medium to large breed dogs, over 5-year-old, with no sexual predisposition. Affected animals present fluctuating and diffuse swelling, covering both dermis and subcutaneous tissue, spreading through lymphatic and haematic vessels. Histologically, LSA is characterized by connected channels devoid of conspicuous haematic elements. Treatment depends on location of the neoplasm, staging, and possibility of curative surgical excision. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can increase survival time. In this report, we describe a rare case of vulvar LSA in a dog. This is the first Brazilian report of LSA in dogs so far.Case: A 3-year-old, female, mixed breed dog was presented for evaluation of vesicle-bullous lesions in the vulvar and perivulvar region with progressive growth along 6 month. Histopathology revealed neoplastic proliferation in the superficial dermis, advancing through the profound dermis. The histological lesion pattern was consistent with angiosarcoma, which united along with macroscopic pattern of the tumor, and the presence of multiple anastomosed vascular structures without erythrocytes within it at microscopy, was compatible with LSA. No evidence of metastasis or lymphadenopathy was found on survey radiography and ultrasound. We performed a surgical excision, and remaining wound was reconstructed with an advancement skin flap. Despite wide surgical resection, neoplastic cells could be found in surgical borders, as well as a metastatic inguinal lymph node. Postoperative chemotherapy based on doxorubicin as a single agent was administrated. Disease free interval (DFI) was one month after surgery, when small bullous lesions were observed near the surgical site, and histopathological exam confirmed LSA...(AU)

Rectal biopsy in sheep and goats for monitoring and ante-mortem diagnosis of scrapie: Number of lymphoid follicles in two consecutive collections / Biopsia retal em ovinos e caprinos para monitoramento e diagnóstico ante mortem de scrapie: Número de folículos linfoides em duas colheitas consecutivas

This study aimed to evaluate the amount of lymphoid tissue associated with the rectal mucosa obtained by rectal biopsy and the possibility of two consecutive biopsies at different time intervals, for monitoring and ante-mortem diagnosis of scrapie. Rectal mucosa samples were collected from 56 sheep and 32 goats in two steps. In the first step, on day 0, all animals were tested and, for the second step, the animals were divided into groups and each group was subjected to collection on different dates: for sheep 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the first one and, for goats, on days 14, 21, and 28. From 176 samples, 151 (85.8%) were collected from the rectal mucosa, and in 25 (14.2%) there was a collection failure. Considering the rectal mucosa samples (151), 56.86% of the sheep samples and 51.61% of the goat samples, on day 0, had more then 3 lymphoid follicles (LF). In the second collection, 58.97% of the sheep samples showed 3 LF and 33.33% of the goat samples. Comparing the number of LF of the same animals between the first and second collections, there was a significant difference (p 0.05) between days 0 and 7 for sheep (with more FL on day 0) and days 0 and 28 (with more LF on day 28) and days 0 and 28 for goats (with more FL on day 0). There was no significant difference in the number of FL assessed on dates 0, 14, and 21 when comparing the different species, sheep and goats. On day 28, sheep samples showed a higher number (p <0.05) of LF than goats. It was concluded that rectal biopsy technique involves useful method for obtaining lymphoid tissue associate to mucosa for immunohistochemistry assessment to monitoring and ante-mortem diagnosis of scrapie in sheep and goats. However, inappropriate sampling or insufficient numbers of FL can generate the necessity to repeat the technique, which could be done 14 days after the first collection, without reduction in the number of the FL.(AU)

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a quantidade de tecido linfoide associado à mucosa retal obtido pela técnica de biopsia retal e a possibilidade de se realizarem duas biopsias consecutivas, em diferentes intervalos de tempo, para monitoramento e diagnóstico ante mortem de scrapie. Para isso, foram estudados 56 ovinos e 32 caprinos. No dia zero, todos os animais foram submetidos a biopsias e, posteriormente, divididos em grupos. As colheitas foram realizadas aos dias sete, 14, 21 e 28 para os ovinos, e 14, 21 e 28 para os caprinos. De 176 amostras, 151 (85,8%) foram colhidas da mucosa retal e, em 25 (14,2%), houve falha de colheita. Considerando-se as amostras colhidas da mucosa retal (151), em 56,86% das amostras de ovinos e 51,61% de caprinos, no dia 0, havia 3 folículos linfoides (FL). Na segunda colheita, 58,97% das amostras de ovinos possuíam 3 FL e, para caprinos, 33,33%. Na comparação do número de FL entre a primeira e a segunda colheitas houve diferença (p 0,05) entre os dias 0 e 7 (com mais FL no dia 0) e 0 e 28 (com mais FL no dia 28) para ovinos, e entre os dias 0 e 28 (com mais FL no dia 0) para caprinos. Comparando-se as duas espécies, não houve diferença no número de FL nos dias 0, 14 e 21. No dia 28, a proporção de amostras com 3 FL foi maior nos ovinos (p 0,05) que nos caprinos. Concluiu-se que a técnica de biopsia retal compreende método útil para a obtenção de tecido linfoide associado à mucosa para avaliação imuno-histoquímica voltada ao monitoramento e diagnóstico ante mortem de scrapie em ovinos e caprinos. Porém, a colheita inadequada e a obtenção de número insuficiente de FL podem ocasionar a necessidade de repetição da técnica, o que pode ser realizado após 14 dias da primeira colheita, sem redução no número de FL.(AU)

Rectal biopsy in sheep and goats for monitoring and ante-mortem diagnosis of scrapie: Number of lymphoid follicles in two consecutive collections / Biopsia retal em ovinos e caprinos para monitoramento e diagnóstico ante mortem de scrapie: Número de folículos linfoides em duas colheitas consecutivas

This study aimed to evaluate the amount of lymphoid tissue associated with the rectal mucosa obtained by rectal biopsy and the possibility of two consecutive biopsies at different time intervals, for monitoring and ante-mortem diagnosis of scrapie. Rectal mucosa samples were collected from 56 sheep and 32 goats in two steps. In the first step, on day 0, all animals were tested and, for the second step, the animals were divided into groups and each group was subjected to collection on different dates: for sheep 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the first one and, for goats, on days 14, 21, and 28. From 176 samples, 151 (85.8%) were collected from the rectal mucosa, and in 25 (14.2%) there was a collection failure. Considering the rectal mucosa samples (151), 56.86% of the sheep samples and 51.61% of the goat samples, on day 0, had more then 3 lymphoid follicles (LF). In the second collection, 58.97% of the sheep samples showed 3 LF and 33.33% of the goat samples. Comparing the number of LF of the same animals between the first and second collections, there was a significant difference (p 0.05) between days 0 and 7 for sheep (with more FL on day 0) and days 0 and 28 (with more LF on day 28) and days 0 and 28 for goats (with more FL on day 0). There was no significant difference in the number of FL assessed on dates 0, 14, and 21 when comparing the different species, sheep and goats. On day 28, sheep samples showed a higher number (p <0.05) of LF than goats. It was concluded that rectal biopsy technique involves useful method for obtaining lymphoid tissue associate to mucosa for immunohistochemistry assessment to monitoring and ante-mortem diagnosis of scrapie in sheep and goats. However, inappropriate sampling or insufficient numbers of FL can generate the necessity to repeat the technique, which could be done 14 days after the first collection, without reduction in the number of the FL.

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a quantidade de tecido linfoide associado à mucosa retal obtido pela técnica de biopsia retal e a possibilidade de se realizarem duas biopsias consecutivas, em diferentes intervalos de tempo, para monitoramento e diagnóstico ante mortem de scrapie. Para isso, foram estudados 56 ovinos e 32 caprinos. No dia zero, todos os animais foram submetidos a biopsias e, posteriormente, divididos em grupos. As colheitas foram realizadas aos dias sete, 14, 21 e 28 para os ovinos, e 14, 21 e 28 para os caprinos. De 176 amostras, 151 (85,8%) foram colhidas da mucosa retal e, em 25 (14,2%), houve falha de colheita. Considerando-se as amostras colhidas da mucosa retal (151), em 56,86% das amostras de ovinos e 51,61% de caprinos, no dia 0, havia 3 folículos linfoides (FL). Na segunda colheita, 58,97% das amostras de ovinos possuíam 3 FL e, para caprinos, 33,33%. Na comparação do número de FL entre a primeira e a segunda colheitas houve diferença (p 0,05) entre os dias 0 e 7 (com mais FL no dia 0) e 0 e 28 (com mais FL no dia 28) para ovinos, e entre os dias 0 e 28 (com mais FL no dia 0) para caprinos. Comparando-se as duas espécies, não houve diferença no número de FL nos dias 0, 14 e 21. No dia 28, a proporção de amostras com 3 FL foi maior nos ovinos (p 0,05) que nos caprinos. Concluiu-se que a técnica de biopsia retal compreende método útil para a obtenção de tecido linfoide associado à mucosa para avaliação imuno-histoquímica voltada ao monitoramento e diagnóstico ante mortem de scrapie em ovinos e caprinos. Porém, a colheita inadequada e a obtenção de número insuficiente de FL podem ocasionar a necessidade de repetição da técnica, o que pode ser realizado após 14 dias da primeira colheita, sem redução no número de FL.

Melanocitoma dérmico fibroso em bovino: relato de caso / Fibrous skin melanocitome in cattle: a case report / Melanocitoma dérmico fibroso en bovino: relato de caso

Melanomas e melanocitomas são neoplasias de melanoblastos e melanócitos. Neoplasias melanocíticas raramente são observadas em bovinos sendo frequentemente confundidas com outros aumentos de volume ou neoplasias, apresentando comportamento predominantemente benigno. É relatado um caso de melanocitoma em uma novilha da raça Jersey de oito meses de idade, descrevendo-se seu aspecto macro e microscópico. A neoplasia foi integralmente retirada por meio cirúrgico sem complicações ou recidivas até o momento. Ressalta-se a importância para este distúrbio, principalmente para o seu diagnóstico diferencial e a resolução relativamente descomplicada para o médico veterinário.(AU)

Melanoma and meloanocitome are melanoblast and melanocyte tumors. Melanocytic neoplasms are rarely observed in cattle and can be confused with other volume increases or neoplasms. Bovine melanoma is predominantly benign. One case of melanocitome in an 8-month old Jersey heifer is reported, describing their macro- and microscopic appearance. The tumor was completely removed by surgical means without complications. The importance of this disorder must be emphasized, especially for the differential diagnosis and the relatively uncomplicated resolution to the veterinarian.(AU)

Melanomas y melanocitomas son neoplasias de melanoblastos y melanocitos. Neoplasias melanocíticas son raramente observadas en bovino, a menudo se confunde con otros aumentos de volumen o neoplasias, presentando comportamiento predominantemente benigno. Es relatado un caso de malenocitoma en una novilla de la raza Jersey con ocho meses de edad, describiéndose su aspecto macro y microscópico. La neoplasia fue extirpada completamente por medio quirúrgico sin complicaciones o recidivas hasta el momento. Se resalta la importancia para este disturbio, especialmente para su diagnóstico diferencial y la resolución relativamente poco complicada para el médico veterinario.(AU)

BIOPSIA RETAL EM OVINOS E CAPRINOS PARA MONITORAMENTO E DIAGNÓSTICO ANTE MORTEM DE SCRAPIE: NÚMERO DE FOLÍCULOS LINFOIDES EM DUAS COLHEITAS CONSECUTIVAS

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the amount of lymphoid tissue associated with the rectal mucosa obtained by rectal biopsy and the possibility of two consecutive biopsies at different time intervals, for monitoring and ante-mortem diagnosis of scrapie. Rectal mucosa samples were collected from 56 sheep and 32 goats in two steps. In the first step, on day 0, all animals were tested and, for the second step, the animals were divided into groups and each group was subjected to collection on different dates: for sheep 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the first one and, for goats, on days 14, 21, and 28. From 176 samples, 151 (85.8%) were collected from the rectal mucosa, and in 25 (14.2%) there was a collection failure. Considering the rectal mucosa samples (151), 56.86% of the sheep samples and 51.61% of the goat samples, on day 0, had more then 3 lymphoid follicles (LF). In the second collection, 58.97% of the sheep samples showed 3 LF and 33.33% of the goat samples. Comparing the number of LF of the same animals between the first and second collections, there was a significant difference (p 0.05) between days 0 and 7 for sheep (with more FL on day 0) and days 0 and 28 (with more LF on day 28) and days 0 and 28 for goats (with more FL on day 0). There was no significant difference in the number of FL assessed on dates 0, 14, and 21 when comparing the different species, sheep and goats. On day 28, sheep samples showed a higher number (p 0.05) of LF than goats. It was concluded that rectal biopsy technique involves useful method for obtaining lymphoid tissue associate to mucosa for immunohistochemistry assessment to monitoring and ante-mortem diagnosis of scrapie in sheep and goats. However, inappropriate sampling or insufficient numbers of FL can generate the necessity to repeat the technique, which could be done 14 days after the first collection, without reduction in the number of the FL.

Resumo Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a quantidade de tecido linfoide associado à mucosa retal obtido pela técnica de biopsia retal e a possibilidade de se realizarem duas biopsias consecutivas, em diferentes intervalos de tempo, para monitoramento e diagnóstico ante mortem de scrapie. Para isso, foram estudados 56 ovinos e 32 caprinos. No dia zero, todos os animais foram submetidos a biopsias e, posteriormente, divididos em grupos. As colheitas foram realizadas aos dias sete, 14, 21 e 28 para os ovinos, e 14, 21 e 28 para os caprinos. De 176 amostras, 151 (85,8%) foram colhidas da mucosa retal e, em 25 (14,2%), houve falha de colheita. Considerando-se as amostras colhidas da mucosa retal (151), em 56,86% das amostras de ovinos e 51,61% de caprinos, no dia 0, havia 3 folículos linfoides (FL). Na segunda colheita, 58,97% das amostras de ovinos possuíam 3 FL e, para caprinos, 33,33%. Na comparação do número de FL entre a primeira e a segunda colheitas houve diferença (p 0,05) entre os dias 0 e 7 (com mais FL no dia 0) e 0 e 28 (com mais FL no dia 28) para ovinos, e entre os dias 0 e 28 (com mais FL no dia 0) para caprinos. Comparando-se as duas espécies, não houve diferença no número de FL nos dias 0, 14 e 21. No dia 28, a proporção de amostras com 3 FL foi maior nos ovinos (p 0,05) que nos caprinos. Concluiu-se que a técnica de biopsia retal compreende método útil para a obtenção de tecido linfoide associado à mucosa para avaliação imuno-histoquímica voltada ao monitoramento e diagnóstico ante mortem de scrapie em ovinos e caprinos. Porém, a colheita inadequada e a obtenção de número insuficiente de FL podem ocasionar a necessidade de repetição da técnica, o que pode ser realizado após 14 dias da primeira colheita, sem redução no número de FL.

Melanocitoma dérmico fibroso em bovino: relato de caso / Fibrous skin melanocitome in cattle: a case report / Melanocitoma dérmico fibroso en bovino: relato de caso

Melanomas e melanocitomas são neoplasias de melanoblastos e melanócitos. Neoplasias melanocíticas raramente são observadas em bovinos sendo frequentemente confundidas com outros aumentos de volume ou neoplasias, apresentando comportamento predominantemente benigno. É relatado um caso de melanocitoma em uma novilha da raça Jersey de oito meses de idade, descrevendo-se seu aspecto macro e microscópico. A neoplasia foi integralmente retirada por meio cirúrgico sem complicações ou recidivas até o momento. Ressalta-se a importância para este distúrbio, principalmente para o seu diagnóstico diferencial e a resolução relativamente descomplicada para o médico veterinário.(AU)

Melanoma and meloanocitome are melanoblast and melanocyte tumors. Melanocytic neoplasms are rarely observed in cattle and can be confused with other volume increases or neoplasms. Bovine melanoma is predominantly benign. One case of melanocitome in an 8-month old Jersey heifer is reported, describing their macro- and microscopic appearance. The tumor was completely removed by surgical means without complications. The importance of this disorder must be emphasized, especially for the differential diagnosis and the relatively uncomplicated resolution to the veterinarian.(AU)

Melanomas y melanocitomas son neoplasias de melanoblastos y melanocitos. Neoplasias melanocíticas son raramente observadas en bovino, a menudo se confunde con otros aumentos de volumen o neoplasias, presentando comportamiento predominantemente benigno. Es relatado un caso de malenocitoma en una novilla de la raza Jersey con ocho meses de edad, describiéndose su aspecto macro y microscópico. La neoplasia fue extirpada completamente por medio quirúrgico sin complicaciones o recidivas hasta el momento. Se resalta la importancia para este disturbio, especialmente para su diagnóstico diferencial y la resolución relativamente poco complicada para el médico veterinario.(AU)

Multiple segmental spinal cord hypoplasia in a cat / Hipoplasia medular segmentar múltipla em um felino doméstico

Background: The nervous system is one of the most affected by congenital malformations. These can occur during neural tube formation or failed neurogenesis. Segmental spinal cord hypoplasia commonly involves two or three spinal segments in the thoracolumbar region. It is characterized by incomplete formation of the spinal cord and may also be followed by spine column malformations. Clinical signs usually include functional impairment of the hindlimbs. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs, age, radiographs and is confi rmed with necropsy and histopathological fi ndings. There is no treatment for this condition and the animals present low life quality. This paper aims to report the clinical, radiographic and histopathological aspects of multiple segmental spinal cord hypoplasia in a domestic cat. Case: A 52-days-old, female, Persian breed, domestic cat weighing 0.55 kg was treated presenting a history of pelvic limb paraplegia associated with urinary and fecal incontinence since birth. On clinical examination there were fl accid paraplegia of hind limbs associated with absence of proprioception, anal refl ex and tone and postural defi cits. Also, all spinal refl exes of pelvic limbs and deep and superfi cial pain were absent. There was no clinical history of muscular tremors, nystagmus, seizures or other central nervous system signs. The other animals of the litter showed...(AU)

Multiple segmental spinal cord hypoplasia in a cat / Hipoplasia medular segmentar múltipla em um felino doméstico

Background: The nervous system is one of the most affected by congenital malformations. These can occur during neural tube formation or failed neurogenesis. Segmental spinal cord hypoplasia commonly involves two or three spinal segments in the thoracolumbar region. It is characterized by incomplete formation of the spinal cord and may also be followed by spine column malformations. Clinical signs usually include functional impairment of the hindlimbs. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs, age, radiographs and is confi rmed with necropsy and histopathological fi ndings. There is no treatment for this condition and the animals present low life quality. This paper aims to report the clinical, radiographic and histopathological aspects of multiple segmental spinal cord hypoplasia in a domestic cat. Case: A 52-days-old, female, Persian breed, domestic cat weighing 0.55 kg was treated presenting a history of pelvic limb paraplegia associated with urinary and fecal incontinence since birth. On clinical examination there were fl accid paraplegia of hind limbs associated with absence of proprioception, anal refl ex and tone and postural defi cits. Also, all spinal refl exes of pelvic limbs and deep and superfi cial pain were absent. There was no clinical history of muscular tremors, nystagmus, seizures or other central nervous system signs. The other animals of the litter showed...

Padronização e avaliação histológica de um modelo experimental de lesão medular / Standardization and histological evaluation of an experimental model of spinal cord injury

A lesão medular é incapacitante, irreversível e de custo econômico e social elevado. Neste estudo, objetivou-se padronizar um modelo de lesão medular, que produza paraplegia, com o uso de cateter e avaliar histologicamente a efetividade da lesão para estudos com terapia celular. Foram realizadas as lesões medulares em ratos Wistar, utilizando-se o cateter Fogarty n.3 e compressão na região toracolombar (T8-T9) durante 5 minutos. Foram estudados três grupos: grupo A, animais controle sem lesão medular; grupo B, animais submetidos à lesão, utilizando-se 50µL de compressão; grupo C, animais submetidos à lesão, utilizando-se 80µL de compressão. Foi realizada avaliação motora pela aplicação da escala BBB, antes da compressão, após recuperação anestésica, 24 e 72 horas depois da compressão e sete dias após a compressão. Após o sétimo dia da lesão, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia, foi feita a retirada da medula espinhal, fígado e rins e realizada a análise histológica com a coloração hematoxilina-eosina. A mortalidade variou entre os grupos, com 0% no grupo A, 38,5% no B e 48% no C. Nesses dois últimos grupos, a causa da morte foi edema pulmonar neurogênico, confirmado clínica e histologicamente. As medulas espinhais histologicamente apresentaram diferentes graus de edema, congestão vascular e hemorragia, enquanto que os fígados e os rins apresentaram diferentes graus de congestão vascular e necrose. Em relação à recuperação dos movimentos, no grupo A, verificou-se 100% de escore 21; no B, 25% de escore 21; 37,5% de escore 11; e 37,5% de escore 0; enquanto, no grupo C, verificou-se 100% de escore 0. Conclui-se que o procedimento realizado utilizando-se 80µL de solução salina para preencher o balão do cateter foi mais eficiente, apesar de maior mortalidade, pois apresentou maior porcentagem de animais com lesão completa (paraplegia).(AU)

Spinal cord injury is disabling, irreversible and with high economic and social cost. This study aimed to standardize a model of spinal cord injury to induce paraplegia, with a catheter and to evaluate the effectiveness of the histological lesion for further studies with cell therapy. Cord lesions were performed in Wistar rats using the Fogarty catheter n.3 and compression in the thoracolumbar region (T8-T9) for 5 minutes. We studied three groups: A control group without spinal cord injury, B group subjected to 50?L compression injury, C group with animals subjected to 80?L compression injury. Motor evaluation was performed by applying the BBB scale, before compression, after recovery from anesthesia, 24 and 72 hours after compression and 7 days after compression. At the seventh day after injury, the animals were euthanized. The spinal cord, liver and kidneys were removed and a histological analysis was performed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Mortality varied among groups, it was 0% in group A, 38.5% in group B and 48% in group C. In the latter two groups the cause of death was neurogenic pulmonary edema, clinically and histologically confirmed. Histologically the spinal cord showed different degrees of edema, hemorrhage and vascular congestion, while the liver and kidneys showed different degrees of vascular congestion and necrosis. Regarding movement recovery, in group A it was found a 100% score 21, in group B 25% of score 21, 37.5% score 11 and 37.5% of score zero, whereas in group C there was a 100% of score zero. It is concluded that the procedure performed using 80?L of saline to fill the balloon catheter was more efficient because, although the higher percentage of mortality, it induced a higher percentage of animals with complete injury (paraplegia).(AU)

Padronização e avaliação histológica de um modelo experimental de lesão medular / Standardization and histological evaluation of an experimental model of spinal cord injury

A lesão medular é incapacitante, irreversível e de custo econômico e social elevado. Neste estudo, objetivou-se padronizar um modelo de lesão medular, que produza paraplegia, com o uso de cateter e avaliar histologicamente a efetividade da lesão para estudos com terapia celular. Foram realizadas as lesões medulares em ratos Wistar, utilizando-se o cateter Fogarty n.3 e compressão na região toracolombar (T8-T9) durante 5 minutos. Foram estudados três grupos: grupo A, animais controle sem lesão medular; grupo B, animais submetidos à lesão, utilizando-se 50µL de compressão; grupo C, animais submetidos à lesão, utilizando-se 80µL de compressão. Foi realizada avaliação motora pela aplicação da escala BBB, antes da compressão, após recuperação anestésica, 24 e 72 horas depois da compressão e sete dias após a compressão. Após o sétimo dia da lesão, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia, foi feita a retirada da medula espinhal, fígado e rins e realizada a análise histológica com a coloração hematoxilina-eosina. A mortalidade variou entre os grupos, com 0% no grupo A, 38,5% no B e 48% no C. Nesses dois últimos grupos, a causa da morte foi edema pulmonar neurogênico, confirmado clínica e histologicamente. As medulas espinhais histologicamente apresentaram diferentes graus de edema, congestão vascular e hemorragia, enquanto que os fígados e os rins apresentaram diferentes graus de congestão vascular e necrose. Em relação à recuperação dos movimentos, no grupo A, verificou-se 100% de escore 21; no B, 25% de escore 21; 37,5% de escore 11; e 37,5% de escore 0; enquanto, no grupo C, verificou-se 100% de escore 0. Conclui-se que o procedimento realizado utilizando-se 80µL de solução salina para preencher o balão do cateter foi mais eficiente, apesar de maior mortalidade, pois apresentou maior porcentagem de animais com lesão completa (paraplegia).

Spinal cord injury is disabling, irreversible and with high economic and social cost. This study aimed to standardize a model of spinal cord injury to induce paraplegia, with a catheter and to evaluate the effectiveness of the histological lesion for further studies with cell therapy. Cord lesions were performed in Wistar rats using the Fogarty catheter n.3 and compression in the thoracolumbar region (T8-T9) for 5 minutes. We studied three groups: A control group without spinal cord injury, B group subjected to 50?L compression injury, C group with animals subjected to 80?L compression injury. Motor evaluation was performed by applying the BBB scale, before compression, after recovery from anesthesia, 24 and 72 hours after compression and 7 days after compression. At the seventh day after injury, the animals were euthanized. The spinal cord, liver and kidneys were removed and a histological analysis was performed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Mortality varied among groups, it was 0% in group A, 38.5% in group B and 48% in group C. In the latter two groups the cause of death was neurogenic pulmonary edema, clinically and histologically confirmed. Histologically the spinal cord showed different degrees of edema, hemorrhage and vascular congestion, while the liver and kidneys showed different degrees of vascular congestion and necrosis. Regarding movement recovery, in group A it was found a 100% score 21, in group B 25% of score 21, 37.5% score 11 and 37.5% of score zero, whereas in group C there was a 100% of score zero. It is concluded that the procedure performed using 80?L of saline to fill the balloon catheter was more efficient because, although the higher percentage of mortality, it induced a higher percentage of animals with complete injury (paraplegia).

Retalho de avanço toracocervical dorsal em cão com mastocitoma / Advancement flap thoracocervical dorsal dog with mast cell tumor

O Mastocitoma canino, também conhecido como mastocitoma histiocítico ou sarcoma da célula do mastócito é a neoplasia mais comum que acomete os cães, representando até 27% dos tumores malignos desta espécie, e caracteriza-se pela proliferação dos mastócitos. O tratamento consiste na exérese tumoral com margem de segurança, seguido de protocolo quimioterápico. A cirurgia plástica reparadora está indicada para reparar o leito pós-exérese, especialmente com o uso de retalho cutâneo vascularizado. O presente relato tem como objetivo apresentar um caso de mastocitoma grau II na região cervical dorsal de um cão,que necessitou da técnica de cirúrgia plástico reparadora para correção da ferida cirúrgica remanescente.

The canine mast cell tumor, also known as histiocytic mastocytoma cell or mast cell sarcoma is the most common cancer that affects dogs, representing up to 27% of malignant tumors of this kind and is characterized by proliferation of mast cells. The treatment consists of tumor resection with a safety margin, followed by chemotherapy protocol. The reconstructive plastic surgery is indicated to repair the bed post-excision, especially with the use of vascularized skin flap. This paper aims to report a case of mastocytoma grade II in dorsal cervical region of a dog, which used the restorative plastic surgery technique for correction of the surgical wound.

Retalho padrão axial de ilíaca circunflexa profunda para tratamento de hemangiopericitoma em cão / Axial pattern flap of deep iliac circumflex treatment of hemangiopericytoma in dog

Hemangiopericitoma canino é uma neoplasia de origem mesenquimal comum que afeta tecidos moles.Frequentemente atinge tecido subcutâneo e região distal de membros, é localmente infiltrativa e o tumorraramente faz metástase. O hemangiopericitoma, geralmente recidiva após o procedimento cirúrgico,pela dificuldade em identificar as suas margens durante a excisão cirúrgica e pela sua localização,que muitas vezes ocorre em região de membros onde se encontra maior dificuldade em obter amplas margens de segurança. O melhor tratamento consiste na remoção cirúrgica inicial e agressiva, associada à radioterapia, que conseguem controlar a neoplasia e aumentar o tempo de vida do paciente, já a quimioterapia se mostra sem sucesso. Foi atendido na unidade hospitalar para animais de companhia da PUCPR, uma cadela, adulta, sem raça definida, com tumor na região lateral da coxa. Ao exame fisíco este tumor apresentava-se eritematoso, de abrangência epidermodermal, consistência firme, superfície ulcerada e com secreção purulenta. O exame histopatológico foi conclusivo de hemangiopericitoma. O paciente foi encaminhado para exérese tumoral e cirurgia plástico reparadora, que requereu retalho deilíaca circunflexa profunda.

Hemangiopericytoma in dogs is a common malignancy that affects soft tissues and has mesenquimal origin. Often affects the subcutaneous tissue of the distal limbs, is a locally infiltrative tumorand rarely metastatic. Hemangiopericytoma usually relapse after surgery, due to the difficulty of identifying tumor margins during surgical excision, and location of these tumors that often occur in the limbs where it is more difficultto obtain wide margins of safety. The best treatment is early and aggressive surgical procedure, associated with radiotherapy, wich can control the tumor growth and increase the lifetime of the patient, chemotherapy has shown without success.Was referred to the veterinary hospital of PUCPR a female canine, adult, mixed breed, with a history of tumor in the lateral aspect of the thigh. Physical examination showed an erythematous tumor, spanning epidermodermal,firm consistency, ulcerated surface and purulent. Histopathological exam was conclusivefor hemangiopericytoma. The patient was referred for tumor resection and reconstructive plastic surgery, which required deep circumflex iliac flap.

Retalho padrão axial de ilíaca circunflexa profunda para tratamento de hemangiopericitoma em cão / Axial pattern flap of deep iliac circumflex treatment of hemangiopericytoma in dog

Hemangiopericitoma canino é uma neoplasia de origem mesenquimal comum que afeta tecidos moles.Frequentemente atinge tecido subcutâneo e região distal de membros, é localmente infiltrativa e o tumorraramente faz metástase. O hemangiopericitoma, geralmente recidiva após o procedimento cirúrgico,pela dificuldade em identificar as suas margens durante a excisão cirúrgica e pela sua localização,que muitas vezes ocorre em região de membros onde se encontra maior dificuldade em obter amplas margens de segurança. O melhor tratamento consiste na remoção cirúrgica inicial e agressiva, associada à radioterapia, que conseguem controlar a neoplasia e aumentar o tempo de vida do paciente, já a quimioterapia se mostra sem sucesso. Foi atendido na unidade hospitalar para animais de companhia da PUCPR, uma cadela, adulta, sem raça definida, com tumor na região lateral da coxa. Ao exame fisíco este tumor apresentava-se eritematoso, de abrangência epidermodermal, consistência firme, superfície ulcerada e com secreção purulenta. O exame histopatológico foi conclusivo de hemangiopericitoma. O paciente foi encaminhado para exérese tumoral e cirurgia plástico reparadora, que requereu retalho deilíaca circunflexa profunda.AU

Hemangiopericytoma in dogs is a common malignancy that affects soft tissues and has mesenquimal origin. Often affects the subcutaneous tissue of the distal limbs, is a locally infiltrative tumorand rarely metastatic. Hemangiopericytoma usually relapse after surgery, due to the difficulty of identifying tumor margins during surgical excision, and location of these tumors that often occur in the limbs where it is more difficultto obtain wide margins of safety. The best treatment is early and aggressive surgical procedure, associated with radiotherapy, wich can control the tumor growth and increase the lifetime of the patient, chemotherapy has shown without success.Was referred to the veterinary hospital of PUCPR a female canine, adult, mixed breed, with a history of tumor in the lateral aspect of the thigh. Physical examination showed an erythematous tumor, spanning epidermodermal,firm consistency, ulcerated surface and purulent. Histopathological exam was conclusivefor hemangiopericytoma. The patient was referred for tumor resection and reconstructive plastic surgery, which required deep circumflex iliac flap.AU

Retalho de avanço toracocervical dorsal em cão com mastocitoma / Advancement flap thoracocervical dorsal dog with mast cell tumor

O Mastocitoma canino, também conhecido como mastocitoma histiocítico ou sarcoma da célula do mastócito é a neoplasia mais comum que acomete os cães, representando até 27% dos tumores malignos desta espécie, e caracteriza-se pela proliferação dos mastócitos. O tratamento consiste na exérese tumoral com margem de segurança, seguido de protocolo quimioterápico. A cirurgia plástica reparadora está indicada para reparar o leito pós-exérese, especialmente com o uso de retalho cutâneo vascularizado. O presente relato tem como objetivo apresentar um caso de mastocitoma grau II na região cervical dorsal de um cão,que necessitou da técnica de cirúrgia plástico reparadora para correção da ferida cirúrgica remanescente.AU

The canine mast cell tumor, also known as histiocytic mastocytoma cell or mast cell sarcoma is the most common cancer that affects dogs, representing up to 27% of malignant tumors of this kind and is characterized by proliferation of mast cells. The treatment consists of tumor resection with a safety margin, followed by chemotherapy protocol. The reconstructive plastic surgery is indicated to repair the bed post-excision, especially with the use of vascularized skin flap. This paper aims to report a case of mastocytoma grade II in dorsal cervical region of a dog, which used the restorative plastic surgery technique for correction of the surgical wound.AU