Precision-based exercise as a new therapeutic option for children and adolescents with haematological malignancies.

Children and adolescents with haematological malignancies (PedHM) are characterized by a severe loss of exercise ability during cancer treatment, lasting throughout their lives once healed and impacting their social inclusion prospects. The investigation of the effect of a precision-based exercise program on the connections between systems of the body in PedHM patients is the new frontier in clinical exercise physiology. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of 11 weeks (3 times weekly) of combined training (cardiorespiratory, resistance, balance and flexibility) on the exercise intolerance in PedHM patients. Two-hundred twenty-six PedHM patients were recruited (47% F). High or medium frequency participation (HAd and MAd) was considered when a participant joined; > 65% or between 30% and < 64% of training sessions, respectively. The "up and down stairs'' test (TUDS), "6 min walking" test (6MWT), the "5 Repetition Maximum strength" leg extension and arm lateral raise test (5RM-LE and 5RM-ALR), flexibility (stand and reach), and balance (stabilometry), were performed and evaluated before and after training. The TUDS, the 5RM-LE and 5RM-ALR, and the flexibility exercises showed an increase in HAd and MAd groups (P < 0.05), while the 6MWT and balance tests showed improvement only in HAd group (P < 0.0001). These results support the ever-growing theory that, in the case of the treatment of PedHM, 'exercise is medicine' and it has the potential to increase the patient's chances of social inclusion.

[Histoenzymologic data on the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus & Callithrix penicillata)]. / Dados histoenzimoógicos sobre as células epiteliais da mucosa gástrica de saguis (Callithrix jacchus & Callithrix penicillata).

The gastric mucosa of marmosets is devoid of UDPG-GT; phosphorylases; G-6-PA; F-1,6-PA; alanyl aminopeptidase and leucine aminopeptidase. Only the acid phosphatase was seen with a stronger reactivity in the chief cells. The other enzymes (LDH; G-6-PDH; 6-PGDH; NADPH2-TR; cis-aconitase; ICDH; SDH; MDH; cytochrome oxidase; NADH2-TR; a-GPDH; b-OHBDH and nonspecific esterase) showed a stronger reactivity in the parietal cells.

Histochemical observations on the taste buds of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata).

The epithelial cells in the taste buds of C. jacchus and C. penicillata show a moderate amount of ribonucleic acid an a concentration of a PAS-positive diastase-resistant material at their apical part. These cells are devoid of UDPG-GT, phosphorylases, G-6-PA, alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, cholinesterase and MAO; they present a weak reaction of F-1, 6-P Ald, LDH, SDH, MDH, cytochrome oxidase, beta-OHBDH, nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase and a stronger reaction to ADH, NADPH2-TR, ATPases, alpha-GPDH, alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and GDH. Although some enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and ATPases) have an almost uniform reactivity by the several taste buds, the other ones react with a lesser intensity in the smaller uniform reactivity by the several taste buds, the other ones react with a lesser intensity in the smaller taste buds of the fungiform papillae. As a rule the apical part of the cells shows a stronger enzymatic reactivity. The taste buds of the marmosets are penetrated by acetylcholinesterase positive nerve fibers whereas the autonomic ganglia in the connective tissue contain both-acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase.

The Rete ovarii and follicle formation in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata).

The Rete ovarii in young marmosets shows a strong reactivity for a certain number of enzymes (LDH; NADH2-TR; NADPH2-TR; G-6-PDH; 6-PGDH; alpha-GPDH; beta-OHBDH and nonspecific esterase). The granulosa cells of the cortical innermost placed follicles have the same enzymatic reactivity. The germinal epithelium results negative to the mentioned group of enzymes at this phase of the development. The Rete ovarii must play an important rôle in the granulosa cells differentiation.