Fiebre, disnea e infiltrados pulmonares en pacientes con infección por VIH / Fever, dyspnea and infiltrated lungs in HIV patients

Las infecciones pulmonares en pacientes con infección por el VIH (virus de inmunodeficiencia humana) han sufrido variaciones desde la instauración de profilaxis para el Pneumocystis jiroveci y el tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA), apareciendo infecciones por otros gérmenes resistentes a los antibióticos habitualmente utilizados y ocasionando problemas diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 59 años con infección por el VIH y en tratamiento con TARGA, que debutó con un cuadro febril e infiltrados pulmonares. Ante su falta de mejoría con tratamiento antibiótico empírico, se le realizó una broncoscopia y biopsia bronquial que permitió el diagnóstico del eishmaniosis visceral ante la visión directa de amastigotes intra y extracelulares debajo del epitelio bronquial (AU)

Lung infections in HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) patients have suffered variations since the establishment of prophylaxis treatment against Pneumocystis jiroveci with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), with infections appearing due to other germs that are resistant to the antibiotics generally used and causing diagnostic and therapeutic problems. We present the case of a 59 year old male, HIV patient undergoing treatment with HAART, who suffered fever and pulmonary infiltration. Due to his lack of improvement with empiric antibiotic treatment, a bronchoscopy and bronchial biopsy were performed, which allowed the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis due to the direct vision of intra- and subcellular amastigotes under the bronchial epithelium (AU)

Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with bleeding ulcer disease: rapid urease test and histology.

INTRODUCTION: The endoscopic diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer is limited by a decreased sensitivity in standard invasive tests, rapid urease test and histology. There is controversy about the convenience of using one, neither, or both diagnostic tests. AIMS: To evaluate the results of simultaneously performed rapid urease test and histology in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection (H. pylori) in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included 173 patients, 98 male and 75 female, with an average age of 62 years (18-88), with upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to duodenal ulcer (115) or gastric ulcer (58), diagnosed within 24 hours after hospital admission. None of the patients had received treatment for H. pylori, proton pump inhibitors or antibiotics in the two weeks prior to the upper gastrointestinal bleeding episode. H. pylori infection was investigated in all patients by two antral biopsy samples for histological study (hematoxilin-eosin) and one or two antral biopsies for rapid urease test (Jatrox-H.p.-test). In cases with a negative urease test and histology, a 13C urea breath test was performed. Infection was considered present when at least one invasive test or the breath test was positive, whereas both invasive tests and the breath test had to be negative to establish an absent infection. RESULTS: 152 patients (88%) showed H. pylori infection, 104 patients (90%) with duodenal ulcer and 48 patients (83%) with gastric ulcer. In all 119 cases (78%) were diagnosed by the urease test and 112 cases (74%) by histology. Both methods were used to diagnose 134 of 152 cases (88%) (p < 0.05), these being positive in 97 cases and negative in 39 cases. In 18 of these 39 cases, the breath test was positive. CONCLUSIONS: Histology and urease test have similar diagnostic values for the identification of H. pylori in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer. Due to its rapid results, the urease test should be the method of choice. However, additional biopsies should be performed, and, when negative, a histological study should be carried out, since a combination of both methods allows a more precise diagnosis.

[Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma]. / Hamartoma mesenquimal hepático.

A case is presented of a 10-year-old female twin with a cystic liver mass that debuted as a painless epigastric mass. The lesion was excised by hepatectomy of segments II and III, confirming in the review of the cavity the presence of a common mesentery with cecocolonic malposition. The postoperative course was normal and clinical and echographic study of her twin sister disclosed no anomalies. The anatomopathologic study of the lesion revealed a tumor of difficult filiation that presented features of mesenchymal hamartoma together with others of biliary cystadenoma. The amount and nature of the stromal component, together with the patient's age at appearance, made us classify the case as mesenchymal hamartoma. The morphologic findings observed seem to support the histopathologetic theory of a congenital origin.