Rotational stability of two different piggyback toric intraocular lenses for correction of high post-keratoplasty pseudophakic ametropia.

We present the case of a 65-year-old man with bilateral keratoconus and history of bilateral penetrating keratoplasty (PK) who developed gradual visual decline in the left eye due to cataract formation. Following successful left eye cataract surgery and monofocal, non-toric intraocular lens (IOL) in-the-bag implantation, the patient experienced persistently low uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) due to high residual refractive error and intolerance to contact lenses. A supplementary toric IOL was placed in the ciliary sulcus, but subsequent rotational instability of the lens required repeated realignment. Despite two attempts at IOL repositioning, the rotational instability persisted, necessitating the replacement of the original Sulcoflex IOL with a toric, implantable Collamer lens. Following the implantation of the toric ICL, the patient achieved excellent UDVA with no adverse events over a 4-year follow-up period. This case highlights the potential rotational instability associated with toric piggyback IOLs in keratoconic, post-PK, pseudophakic eyes and the special considerations on choosing the type of piggyback lens in these eyes.

Impact of adding zeolite to broilers' diet and litter on growth, blood parameters, immunity, and ammonia emission.

This work was designed to assess the impact of varying zeolite concentrations in diet and litter to enhance broiler's growth performance, immunity, and litter quality. A complete random arrangement was used for distributing 525 unsexed "Cobb 500" broiler chicks into seven treatments (75 chick / treatment), each treatment divided into 3 replicates (25 chicks / replicate). The 1st group (control one) received the recommended basal diet. Zeolite has been introduced to the basal diet (ZD) of the second, third, and fourth groups at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 g/kg, respectively. The 5th, 6th and 7th groups used zeolite mixed with litter (ZL) at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 kg/m2 of litter, respectively. Due to the obtained results, adding zeolite with levels 15 g/kg of diet and 1.5 kg/1 m2 of litter, a significant improvement occurred in live body weight (LBW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and European production efficiency factor (EPEF). Also, transaminase enzymes (ALT and AST), creatinine, white blood cells (WBCs) and different Immunoglobulins were significantly increased with different zeolite levels, except urea concentrations which showed reduced due to different zeolite treatments. In addition, spleen relative weight hasn't been affected by zeolite treatments, even though thymus and bursa relative weights had been affected significantly. Moreover, the antibodies' production to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Avian influenza virus (AIV) had increased significantly with adding zeolite with levels 10 g/kg of diet and 1.5 kg/1m2 of litter. Litter quality traits (NH3 concentration, pH values, and Moisture content) were improved with zeolite addition. So, zeolite could be employed in both feed and litter of broilers to maximize their production, immunity and improve farm's climate.

Patient Outcomes and Management Strategies for Intensive Care Unit (ICU)-Associated Delirium: A Literature Review.

Delirium is a significant public health concern, with tremendous implications for patient outcomes. Intensive care unit (ICU)-related delirium is gaining attention due to the higher prevalence of delirium in ICU-admitted patients. The most common negative outcomes of ICU delirium include cognitive impairments, functional dependence, high incidence of mortality, extended stay in the ICU, and high costs. So far, no single etiological factor has been identified as the sole cause of delirium. Several functional, neurotransmitter, or injury-causing hypotheses have been proposed for ICU delirium. Several risk factors contribute to the development of delirium in patients admitted to the ICU. These are age, gender, types of sedation, physical restraints, medical and surgical interventions, pain, and extended stay in the ICU. The most commonly used assessment modules for ICU delirium are the PREdiction of DELIRium in ICu patients (PRE-DELIRIC), Early PREdiction model for DELIRium in ICu patients (E-PRE-DELERIC), and Lanzhou Model, Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU), Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC), and Delirium Rating Scale (DRS). There is no proper treatment for ICU delirium; however, it can be managed through various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Healthcare providers should receive constant education and training on delirium recognition, prevention, and management to enhance patient care and outcomes in the ICU. Further research is needed on the effective prevention and management of ICU delirium.

Mango peel extracts and mangiferin chromatographic Fourier-transform infrared correlation with antioxidant, antidiabetic, and advanced glycation end product inhibitory potentials using in silico modeling and in vitro assays.

Mangifera indica peels are a rich source of diverse flavonoids and xanthonoids; however, generally these are discarded. Computational studies revealed that mangiferin significantly interacts with amino acid residues of transcriptional regulators 1IK3, 3TOP, and 4f5S. The methanolic extract of Langra variety of mangoes contained the least phenol concentrations (22.6 ± 0.32 mg/gGAE [gallic acid equivalent]) compared to the chloroform (214.8 ± 0.12 mg/gGAE) and ethyl acetate fractions (195.6 ± 0.14 mg/gGAE). Similarly, the methanolic extract of Sindhri variety contained lower phenol concentrations (42.3 ± 0.13 mg/gRUE [relative utilization efficiency]) compared with the chloroform (85.6 ± 0.15 mg/gGAE) and ethyl acetate (76.1 ± 0.32 mg/gGAE) fractions. Langra extract exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 0.06 mg/mL), whereas the ethyl acetate fraction was highly active (IC50 0.12 mg/mL) in Sindhri variety. Mangiferin exhibited significant inhibition (IC50 0.026 mg/mL). A moderate inhibition of 15-LOX was observed in all samples, whereas mangiferin was least active. In advanced glycation end product inhibition assay, the chloroform fraction of Langra variety exhibited significant inhibition in nonoxidative (IC50 64.4 µg/mL) and oxidative modes (IC50 54.7 µg/mL). It was concluded that both Langra and Sindhri peel extracts and fractions possess significant antidiabetic activities. The results suggest the potential use of peel waste in the management and complications of diabetes.

Dulaglutide reduces oxidative DNA damage and hypermethylation in the somatic cells of mice fed a high-energy diet by restoring redox balance, inflammatory responses, and DNA repair gene expressions.

Obesity is an established risk factor for numerous malignancies, although it remains uncertain whether the disease itself or weight-loss drugs are responsible for a greater predisposition to cancer. The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of dulaglutide on genetic and epigenetic DNA damage caused by obesity, which is a crucial factor in the development of cancer. Mice were administered a low-fat or high-fat diet for 12 weeks, followed by a 5-week treatment with dulaglutide. Following that, modifications of the DNA bases were examined using the comet assay. To clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms, oxidized and methylated DNA bases, changes in the redox status, levels of inflammatory cytokines, and the expression levels of some DNA repair genes were evaluated. Animals fed a high-fat diet exhibited increased body weights, elevated DNA damage, oxidation of DNA bases, and DNA hypermethylation. In addition, obese mice showed altered inflammatory responses, redox imbalances, and repair gene expressions. The findings demonstrated that dulaglutide does not exhibit genotoxicity in the investigated conditions. Following dulaglutide administration, animals fed a high-fat diet demonstrated low DNA damage, less oxidation and methylation of DNA bases, restored redox balance, and improved inflammatory responses. In addition, dulaglutide treatment restored the upregulated DNMT1, Ogg1, and p53 gene expression. Overall, dulaglutide effectively maintains DNA integrity in obese animals. It reduces oxidative DNA damage and hypermethylation by restoring redox balance, modulating inflammatory responses, and recovering altered gene expressions. These findings demonstrate dulaglutide's expediency in treating obesity and its associated complications.

Epidemiological exploration of fleas and molecular identification of flea-borne viruses in Egyptian small ruminants.

The study aimed to investigate molecularly the presence of flea-borne viruses in infested small ruminants with fleas. It was carried out in Egypt's Northern West Coast (NWC) and South Sinai Governorate (SSG). Three specific primers were used targeting genes, ORF103 (for Capripoxvirus and Lumpy skin disease virus), NS3 (for Bluetongue virus), and Rdrp (for Coronavirus), followed by gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The results revealed that 78.94% of sheep and 65.63% of goats were infested in the NWC area, whereas 49.76% of sheep and 77.8% of goats were infested in the SSG region. Sheep were preferable hosts for flea infestations (58.9%) to goats (41.1%) in the two studied areas. Sex and age of the animals had no effects on the infestation rate (p > 0.05). The season and site of infestation on animals were significantly different between the two areas (p < 0.05). Ctenocephalides felis predominated in NWC and Ctenocephalides canis in SSG, and males of both flea species were more prevalent than females. Molecular analysis of flea DNA revealed the presence of Capripoxvirus in all tested samples, while other viral infections were absent. Gene sequencing identified three isolates as sheeppox viruses, and one as goatpox virus. The findings suggest that Capripoxvirus is adapted to fleas and may be transmitted to animals through infestation. This underscores the need for ongoing surveillance of other pathogens in different regions of Egypt.

Generation of cardiomyocytes from stem cells cultured on nanofibrous scaffold: Experimental approach for attenuation of myocardial infarction.

The current study was constructed to fabricate polyamide based nanofibrous scaffolds (NS) and to define the most promising one for the generation of cardiomyocytes from adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). This purpose was extended to assess the potentiality of the generated cardiomyocytes in relieving myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Production and characterization of NSs were carried out. ADMSCs were cultured on NS and induced to differentiate into cardiomyocytes by specific growth factors. Molecular analysis for myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 C (MEF2C) and alpha sarcomeric actin (α-SCA) expression was done to confirm the differentiation of ADMSCs into cardiomyocytes for further transplantation into MI induced rats. Implantation of cells in MI afflicted rats boosted heart rate, ST height and PR interval and lessened P duration, RR, QTc and QRS intervals. Also, this type of medication minified serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) enzymes activity as well as serum and cardiac troponin T (Tn-T) levels and upraised serum and cardiac α-SCA and cardiac connexin 43 (CX 43) levels. Microscopic feature of cardiac tissue sections of rats in the treated groups revealed great renovation in the cardiac microarchitecture. Conclusively, this attempt gains insight into a realistic strategy for recovery of MI through systemic employment of in vitro generated cardiomyocytes.

Chitosan-enclosed SLN improved SV-induced hepatocellular cell carcinoma death by modulation of IQGAP gene expression, JNK, and HDAC activities.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global life-threatening problem and therapeutic interventions are still encountered. IQGAP genes are involved in HCC oncogenesis. The modulatory effect of statins on the expression of IQGAP genes is still unclear. This study aims to study the effect of free SV and chitosan (CS) decorated simvastatin (SV) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (C-SV-SLNs) on HCC mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: Plain, SV-SLN, and C-SV- SLN were prepared and characterized in terms of particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), and polydispersity index (PDI). The biosafety of different SLN was investigated using fresh erythrocytes, moreover, cytotoxicity was investigated using HepG2 cell lines. The effect of SLNs on IQGAPs gene expression as well as JNK, HDAC6, and HDAC8 activity was investigated using PCR and MOE-docking. The current results displayed that SV-SLNs have nanosized, negative ZP and are homogenous, CS decoration shifts the ZP of SLN into cationic ZP. Furthermore, all SLNs exhibited desirable biosafety in terms of no deleterious effect on erythrocyte integrity. SV solution and SV-SLN significantly increase the mortality of HepG2 compared to undertreated cells, however, the effect of SV-SLN is more pronounced compared to free SV. Remarkably, C-SV-SLN elicits high HepG2 cell mortality compared to free SV and SV-SLN. The treatment of HepG2 cells with SV solution, SV-SLN, or C-SV-SLN significantly upregulates the IQGAP2 gene with repression of IQGAP1 and IQGAP3 genes. MOE-docking studies revealed both SV and tenivastatin exhibit interactions with the active sites of JNK, HDAC6, and HDAC8. Moreover, tenivastatin exhibited greater interactions with magnesium and zinc compared to SV. CONCLUSIONS: This research provides novel insights into the therapeutic potential of SV, SV-SLN and C-SV-SLNs in HCC treatment, modulating critical signaling cascades involving IQGAPs, JNK, and HDAC. The development of C-SV-SLNs presents a promising strategy for effective HCC therapy.

Thermomechanical Properties of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Predicted by a Machine Learning Parameterized Force Field.

The mechanical and thermal properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are directly relevant to their applications in electronics, thermoelectric devices, and heat management systems. In this study, we use a machine learning (ML) approach to parametrize molecular dynamics (MD) force fields to predict the mechanical and thermal transport properties of a library of monolayered TMDs (MoS2, MoTe2, WSe2, WS2, and ReS2). The ML-trained force fields were then employed in equilibrium MD simulations to calculate the lattice thermal conductivities of the foregoing TMDs and to investigate how they are affected by small and large mechanical strains. Furthermore, using nonequilibrium MD, we studied thermal transport across grain boundaries. The presented approach provides a fast albeit accurate methodology to compute both mechanical and thermal properties of TMDs, especially for relatively large systems and spatially complex structures, where density functional theory computational cost is prohibitive.

Compact stars with non-uniform relativistic polytrope.

This paper presents new relativistic composite polytropic models for compact stars by simultaneously solving Einstein field equations with the polytropic state equation to simulate the spherically symmetric, static matter distribution. Using a non-uniform polytropic index, we get the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation for the relativistic composite polytrope (CTOV). To analyze the star's structure, we numerically solve the CTOV equation and compute the Emden and mass functions for various relativistic parameters and polytropic indices appropriate for neutron stars. The calculation results show that, as the relativistic parameter approaches zero, we recover the well-known Lane-Emden equation from the Newtonian theory of polytropic stars; thus, testing the computational code by comparing composite Newtonian models to those in the literature yields good agreement. We compute composite relativistic models for the neutron star candidates Cen X-3, SAXJ1808.4-3658, and PSR J1614-22304. We compare the findings with various existing models in the literature. Based on the accepted models for PSR J1614-22304 and Cen X-3, the star's core radius is predicted to be between 50 and 60% percent of its total radius, while we found that the radius of the core of star SAXJ1808.4-3658 is around 30% of the total radius. Our findings show that the neutron star structure may be approximated by a composite relativistic polytrope, resulting in masses and radii that are quite consistent with observation.

Renal Infarction in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic carrier states to fulminant respiratory distress and multiple organ dysfunction. The intravascular arterial and venous thrombotic phenomena are one of the most prevalent and devastating consequences and tend to occur in patients with a severe disease state. Here we present a 45-year-old male with a medical history of essential hypertension (HTN) who presented with severe left flank pain accompanied by dry cough and fever for five days. He was found to have acute kidney injury (AKI) with concomitant renal infarction in computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the setting of a COVID-19 infection. He was eventually managed with novel oral anticoagulation (NOAC) and was discharged after a short hospital stay. Follow-up thereafter showed stable baseline renal function with no relevant symptoms.

Silver nanoparticles incorporated with superior silica nanoparticles-based rice straw to maximize biogas production from anaerobic digestion of landfill leachate.

Treating hazardous landfill leachate poses significant environmental challenges due to its complex nature. In this study, we propose a novel approach for enhancing the anaerobic digestion of landfill leachate using silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) conjugated with eco-friendly green silica nanoparticles (Si NPs). The synthesized Si NPs and Ag@Si NPs were characterized using various analytical techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The anaerobic digestion performance of Si NPs and Ag@Si NPs was tested by treating landfill leachate samples with 50 mg/L of each NP. The results demonstrated an enhancement in the biogas production rate compared to the control phase without the nanocomposite, as the biogas production increased by 14% and 37% using Si NPs and Ag@Si NPs. Ag@Si NPs effectively promoted the degradation of organic pollutants in the leachate, regarding chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile solids (VS) by 58% and 65%. Furthermore, microbial analysis revealed that Ag@Si NPs enhanced the activity of microbial species responsible for the methanogenic process. Overall, incorporating AgNPs conjugated with eco-friendly green Si NPs represents a sustainable and efficient approach for enhancing the anaerobic digestion of landfill leachate.

Coordinated expansion of memory T follicular helper and B cells mediates spontaneous clearance of HCV reinfection.

Introduction: Follicular helper T cells are essential for helping in the maturation of B cells and the production of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) during primary viral infections. However, their role during recall responses is unclear. Here, we used hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection in humans as a model to study the recall collaborative interaction between circulating CD4 T follicular helper cells (cTfh) and memory B cells (MBCs) leading to the generation of NAbs. Methods: We evaluated this interaction longitudinally in subjects who have spontaneously resolved primary HCV infection during a subsequent reinfection episode that resulted in either another spontaneous resolution (SR/SR, n = 14) or chronic infection (SR/CI, n = 8). Results: Both groups exhibited virus-specific memory T cells that expanded upon reinfection. However, early expansion of activated cTfh (CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+ICOS+FoxP3-) occurred in SR/SR only. The frequency of activated cTfh negatively correlated with time post-infection. Concomitantly, NAbs and HCV-specific MBCs (CD19+CD27+IgM-E2-Tet+) peaked during the early acute phase in SR/SR but not in SR/CI. Finally, the frequency of the activated cTfh1 (CXCR3+CCR6-) subset correlated with the neutralization breadth and potency of NAbs. Conclusion: These results underscore a key role for early activation of cTfh1 cells in helping antigen-specific B cells to produce NAbs that mediate the clearance of HCV reinfection.

A Theoretical Investigation for Exploring the Potential Performance of Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells Through Side-Chain Engineering Having Diphenylamino Groups to Enhance Photovoltaic Properties.

The development of ecofriendly fabrication phenomenon is essential requirement for commercialization of non-fullerene acceptors. Recently, end-capped modeling is employed for computational design of five non-fullerene acceptors to elevate various photovoltaic properties. All new molecules are formulated by altering the peripheral acceptors of CH3-2F and DFT methodology is employed to explore the opto-electronic, morphological and charge transfer analysis. From the computational investigation, all reported molecules manifested red shifted absorption with remarkable reduced band gap. Among investigated molecules, FA1-FA3 evinced effectively decreased value of band gaps and designed molecules have low excitation energy justifying proficient charge transference. The lower values of binding energy of FA1 and FA2 suggest their facile exciton dissociation leading to improved charge mobility. By blending with J61 donor, FA4 have sufficiently enhanced value of VOC (1.72 eV) and fill factor (0.9228). Energy loss of the model (R) is 0.57 eV and statistical calculation demonstrate that all our modified molecules except FA3 has profoundly reduced energy loss compelling in its pivotal utilization. From accessible supportive outcomes of recent investigation, it is recommended that our modified chromophore exhibit remarkable noteworthy applications in solar cells for forthcoming innovations.

Unravelling the Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Different Parts of Rumex vesicarius L.: A RP-HPLC-MS-MS/MS, Chemometrics, and Molecular Docking-Based Comparative Study.

Rumex vesicarius L. Polygonaceae is a wildly grown plant in Egypt, North Africa, and Asia with wide traditional uses. Several studies reported its biological activities and richness in phytochemicals. This research addresses a comprehensive metabolic profiling of the flowers, leaves, stems, and roots via RP-HPLC-QTOF-MS and MS/MS with chemometrics. A total of 60 metabolites were observed and grouped into phenolic acids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenes, amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, and sugars. Principal component analysis and hierarchal cluster analysis showed the segregation of different parts. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity was determined via several methods and agreed with the previous results. Additionally, an in silico approach of molecular docking of the predominant bioactive metabolites was employed against two antioxidant targets, NADPH oxidase and human peroxiredoxin 5 enzyme (PDB ID: 2CDU and 1HD2) receptors, alongside ADME predictions. The molecular modelling revealed that most of the approached molecules were specifically binding with the tested enzymes, achieving high binding affinities. The results confirmed that R. vesicarius stems and roots are rich sources of bioactive antioxidant components. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive metabolic profiling of R. vesicarius giving a prospect of its relevance in the development of new naturally based antioxidants.

Verbena officinalis (VO) leaf extract as an anti-corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic environment.

In the present work, Verbena Officinalis (VO) leaf extract was used as potential corrosion inhibitor for the corrosion of carbon steel (CS) in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium. Further, the corrosion inhibiting nature of VO leaf extract towards the CS was evaluated using mass loss (ML), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and surface morphological analyses using atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Calculation of activation energy E a ∗ using Arrhenius equation shows the increase in activation energy when adding the VO leaf extract in 0.5 M H2SO4 medium and the maximum activation energy ( E a ∗ = 49.9 kJ mol-1) was observed for 1000 mg L-1 VO leaf extract in acid medium. The negative free energy values suggested the spontaneous and the stability of the adsorbed layer of VO leaf extract on the CS surface. Using EIS measurements, high percent inhibitory effectiveness of 91.1% for 1000 ppm solutions was achieved. With an increase in VO leaf extract dose, the double layer capacitance (Cdl) values fall while the values of charge transfer (Rct) increase. This showed that a protective layer of VO leaf extract on CS surface was formed. The polarization curves showed that the VO leaf extract acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. It is discovered that the adsorption of VO leaf extract molecules adhering to the CS surface followed the Langmuir isotherm. The anti-corrosion action of VO leaf extract is fully demonstrated by some surface techniques.

Exploring the dynamics of nonlocal coupled systems of fractional q -integro-differential equations with infinite delay.

In this study, we explore a coupled system of fractional integro-differential equations with infinite delay and nonlocal conditions. This system encompasses classical derivatives of different orders and the fractional derivative of Caputo-Fabrizio type, as well as the fractional integral of the q -Riemann-Liouville operator. We introduce a novel definition of the Caputo and Fabrizio differential operators, enhancing the mathematical formulation. Our main focus is to investigate the system's fundamental properties, including existence, uniqueness, and continuous dependence. Through rigorous mathematical analysis, we establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions and examine how small perturbations in initial conditions or parameters impact the solutions. For the numerical aspect, we use the finite-trapezoidal approach, a reliable method for solving fractional integro-differential equations. We provide a concise explanation of the approach and demonstrate its effectiveness through two numerical examples. Overall, this comprehensive study contributes to the understanding of coupled systems with fractional derivatives and infinite delays, with implications for various scientific and engineering fields.

Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) oil as feed additive on broiler performance, carcass, liver and kidney functions, antioxidant, lipid profile, and immunity.

The current study evaluated the effects of parsley essential oil on broiler growth performance, carcass features, liver and kidney functions, immunity and antioxidant activity, and lipid profile. A total of 160 unsexed 7-day broiler chicks (Cobb500) were distributed into five groups; each group contained five replicates with eight birds each. The treatments were (1) basal diet (no additive, T1), (2) basal diet + 0.5 mL parsley essential oil/kg (T2), (3) basal diet + 1 mL parsley essential oil/kg (T3), (4) basal diet + 1.5 mL parsley essential oil/kg (T4), and (5) basal diet + 2 mL parsley essential oil/kg (T5). According to GC-MS analysis, parsley oil contains D-limonene, hexadecanoic acid, α-cyclocitral, globulol, α-pinene, myristicin, cryophyllene, bergapten, α-chamigrene, etc. The current results indicated that the most abundant molecules in parsley oil were D-limonene (18.82%), oleic acid (14.52%), α-cyclocitral (11.75%), globulol (11.24%), α-guaiene (7.34%), apiol (5.45%), and hexadecanoic acid (4.69%). Adding parsley essential oil to the broiler diet quadratically increased body weight (BW) during 1-3 weeks of age. The T5 group recorded the highest value (869.37 g) of BW in comparison to other treatments and the control group. The cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and total immunoglobulin, including immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in the birds fed parsley essential oil were not affected. The T3 group recorded the highest value (159 ng/mL) of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the lowest value (2.01 ng/mL) of malondialdehyde (MDA) when compared to the control and other treatment. In conclusion, we recommend using parsley oil at levels of 1 mL/kg diet of broiler chicks.

Advancing Kawasaki Disease Research in the Arab World: Scoping Literature Review Analysis with Emphasis on Giant Coronary Aneurysms.

To evaluate giant aneurysms (GiAn) prevalence in Arab countries and examine contributing factors; and to review Kawasaki disease (KD) publication trends and collaborations among Arab nations. A scoping literature review was conducted to analyze the publications across the Arab world, spanning 16 countries from 1978 to 2023. The collected articles were a combination of database search with a call on Kawasaki Disease Arab Initiative (Kawarabi) members to share non-PubMed publications. Over 45 years, 50 articles originated from the Arab Countries with a 30% average annual growth rate in KD research output. Publications were evenly split between case reports (42%) and institutional series (52%). Research productivity lagged in developing nations with UAE, KSA and Egypt, contributed to 64% of total publications. Among 26 institutional series, 256 coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) from a total of 1264 KD cases were reported. Of those, 25 CAA were GiAn (prevalence 1.43% [range 0-12.5%]). The initial KD misdiagnosis rate was 4%, and incomplete KD (iKD) averaged 10.6%. Series (38.5%) that did not report iKD correlated with a higher prevalence of CAA, but not of GiAn. Longer fever duration emerged as a pivotal factor for GiAn (OR 5.06, 95%CI 1.51-17). This review unveils the research landscape of KD in the Arab world over 45 years. Initial misdiagnosis, untreated cases, delayed diagnosis and underreporting of iKD are contributing factors for an underestimated epidemiology, explaining the higher GiAn prevalence. This calls for strategic interventions to enhance KD research in these countries, aligning with Kawarabi's mission.

Phytochemical profiling of Livistona carinensis leaf extract via UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS with assessment of its antiviral mechanisms.

Among 36 species of the genus Livistona (family Palmae or Arecaceae), L. carinensis is considered the only species native to Africa. Previous studies showed the richness of Livistona fruits in phenolic compounds. The goal of the current study was to investigate the phytochemical composition and assess the antiviral mechanisms of the L. carinensis leaves' ethanolic extract cultivated in Egypt for the first time. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was applied. Moreover, the total crude extract was fractionated using ethyl acetate and n-butanol for phytochemical investigations by various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Besides, the antiviral activity of L. carinensis leaves was assessed using three protocols in vitro using MTT assay compared to acyclovir. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based analysis resulted in identification of 72 metabolites tentatively. They belonged to diverse phytochemical classes, mainly including flavonoids (29), organic acids (10), and phenolic acids (7). The antiviral activity investigations revealed a direct Adeno virus inactivation mechanism rather than inhibition of virus replication or blocking its attachment to Vero cells. Hence, the plant leaves may be a potential candidate for discovery of novel antiviral drugs owing to the diversity of identified phytochemical classes.