Knee Dislocation with Ipsilateral Tibial Fracture Treated with an Intramedullary Locked Nail and Simultaneous Transtibial Tunnel Knee Ligament Reconstruction: A Case Report of Autografts and Limited Resources.

Knee dislocations associated with ipsilateral tibial shaft fracture represent one of the most challenging injuries in trauma surgery. This injury occurs in only 2% of all tibial fractures in several series. With the use of intramedullary nail (IMN) of the tibia, current practice paraments suggest that transtibial tunnels should be avoided and ligamentous knee surgery be delayed until healing of the shaft fracture occurs. We report a novel case which was successfully managed by delayed IMN and multiligamentous transtibial posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and posterolateral corner (PLC) autograft reconstructions. A 27-year-old male sustained a Gustilo-Anderson grade IIIa tibial shaft fracture and a Schenck IIIL knee dislocation (KD3L) in the ipsilateral knee. At 2 weeks, the patient was then taken back to the operating theater to undergo definitive bone fixation and ipsilateral simultaneous knee ligamentous reconstruction. The knee was stabilized by open reconstruction of the PCL under fluoroscopic control using an ipsilateral quadriceps autograft fixed with metallic interference screws. The PLC was reconstructed with ipsilateral semitendinosus autograft harvested through a separate 1.5-cm standard anteromedial incision using the technique described by Stannard et al. After graft fixation, the 90 degree posterior and posterolateral drawer and 0 and 30 degrees varus stress tests were negative. After 12 months follow-up, the patient had no complaints regarding pain or instability. The tibial fracture had healed and no knee axis deviation could be noted. The patient had returned to recreational low demand activities and motorcycle riding. Treatment of a combined tibial shaft fracture with an ipsilateral knee dislocation may be satisfactorily accomplished with an IMN for the tibia and transtibial tunnel fixation for knee ligament reconstruction allowing for a single rehabilitation course and a shorter recovery without having to use a third stage for knee ligamentous reconstruction.

Mecanismos de adesão bacteriana aos biomateriais / Mechanisms of bacterial adhesion to biomaterials

A adesão bacteriana aos biomateriais é processo de alta complexidade que demanda importante preocupação médica dada a sua evidente influência sobre a morbimortalidade dos pacientes que fazem uso de próteses, além dos vultosos gastos que o envolvem. Nesta revisão com base na literatura médica são apresentados os principais microrganismos envolvidos na adesão aos biomateriais, discutindo a patogênese desseprocesso, sendo abordada cada uma de suas etapas, inclusive a formação do biofilme, que é etapa ímpar para o estabelecimento da infecção. São indicados, também, os principais fatores que influenciam o mecanismo de adesão, incluindo as características bacterianas e dos materiais, assim como as propriedades do meio.

Bacterial adhesion to biomaterials is a highly complex process that warrants careful medical scrutiny given not only its obvious influence on morbidity and mortality of patients who use dentures, but also the substantial costs involved. In this literature-based review we present the main microorganisms involved in adhesion to biomaterials and discuss the pathogenesis involved, addressing each of its stages, including biofilm formation, which is a crucial step in the the establishment of infection. We also highlight the main factors influencing the adhesion mechanism, including bacterial, materials and medium properties.

Abordagem inicial e conduta no acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico agudo / Initial assessment and management of acute ischemic stroke

O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é a terceira maior causa de morte nos Estados Unidos, além de ser o principal responsável por morbidade em todo o mundo. Pode ser isquêmico (88% dos casos) ou hemorrágico (12% dos casos). Os autores fazem uma breve revisão da fisiopatologia, fatores de risco, apresentação clínica e abordagem inicial do acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo.

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States, and the leading cause of disability around the world. It can be ischemic (88% of cases) or hemorrhagic (12% of cases). Authors accomplish a brief review of its physiopathology, risk factors, clinical presentation and initial assessment and management of acute ischemic stroke.

Acidente vascular encefálico: relato de caso e revisão da abordagem inicial / Acute ischemic stroke: case report and initial management brief review

O acidente vascular encefálico é o terceiro principal determinante de mortalidade e a principal causa de morbidade nos Estados Unidos e no mundo. A procura imediata do serviço de saúde e adequada abordagem inicial e manejo clínico são fundamentais para uma melhor evolução. Relata-se neste trabalho o caso de um paciente que apresentou acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico e, apesar do tratamento instituído, evoluiu para o óbito. A abordagem inicial do acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico agudo é brevemente revista.

Stroke is the third major determinant of death and the leading cause of morbidity in United States and the world. The immediate demand of health care and appropriate initial approach and clinical treatment are essential to guarantee a better outcome. This is a case report of an ischemic stroke patient that, despite the adequate treatment given, died. The initial assessment and treatment of acute ischemic stroke are briefly reviewed.