Influence of Mechanical Cycling on Torque Values of Tapped-In and Screw-In Implant-Supported Crowns.

This study investigated the influence of mechanical cycling on screwed-in and tappedin implants restored with screw-retained metallic crowns. Three implant-abutmentcrown systems were evaluated: T1 (multi abutment) and T2 (standard abutment) received tapped-in abutments and S received a screwed-in abutment. The specimens were subjected to two million cycles of 0-150 N load, at 2 Hz, 30° inclination in a dry medium, and torque evaluation. Survival and removal torque were analyzed using chisquare, ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test. Differences between installation and removal torque were determined using a T-test for dependent samples. Analyses were performed in SPSS, considering α = 0.05. All specimens survived mechanical cycling in S, 40% in T1, 80% in T2 (p=0.008). Failures occurred due to loosening of the crown screw. A significant decrease in torque (p=0.000) was found. Group T1 had the lowest removal torque (1.6 ± 0.84 N.Cm²), followed by T2 (3 ± 1.49 N.Cm²) and S (6.3 ± 1.16 N. Cm²), and a statistical difference was found between Groups T1 and S. Both types of implantabutment connections were stable and can be considered for rehabilitative treatment, but failure and removal torque were influenced by the design of prosthetic abutment. Crowns were more susceptible to becoming loose in tapped-in systems.

Functional analysis of ldlr genetic variants identified in hypercholesterolemic patients in brazil, USING CRISPR/CAS9

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Introduction: The familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is one of the main causes of cardiovascular diseases, and it is mainly caused by genetic variants at the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Although ultrasequencing technology has allowed the identification of several genetic variants, few of them was functional analyzed. The CRISPR/ Cas9 tool promotes precise genetic editing and allows the creation of experimental models, therefore contributing to the functional validation process. Aim: To use the CRISPR/Cas9 tool to perform in vitro functional analysis of LDLR variants identified in FH patients. METHODS: Two missense LDLR variants were selected within a group of variants identified in FH patients, based on in silico data, the affected protein domain and MAF. Three sgRNAs were designed for each of the variants c.551G>A and c.1118G>A, to analyze the accuracy of the sgRNAs. The sgRNAs were inserted on PX458 plasmid, cloned, purified in E. coli DH5a, and then co-transfected with the DNA template at HepG2 cells. The DNAs templates were designed to contain the selected variants. RESULTS: HepG2 cells co-transfected with PX458 constructs and DNA templates showed considerably transfection rate, being possible to visualize it at fluorescence microscopy. However, it was noted that single transfection of sgRNAs showed a higher transfection efficiency than cotransfection. CONCLUSIONS: We designed sgRNA for c.551G>A and c.1118G>A variants, being able to analyze the transfection efficiency. In further steps, we will select new sgRNAs for LDLR variants that have not been described yet, and functional analysis will be performed to determine the clinical relevance of these variants.

Síncope / Syncope

El síncope es una pérdida transitoria de conciencia y tono postural debido a hipoflujo sanguíneo cerebral que se recupera espontáneamente sin maniobras de RCP. En esta actualización se plantea el síncope vasovagal con sus diagnósticos diferenciales y posibles etiologías, fisiopatología y métodos de estudios. También se presenta la experiencia sobre este tema en nuestro hospital su estudio, tratamiento y diagnostico (tilt test) (AU)

Syncope is a transient loss of consciousness and postural tone due to cerebral blood hypoflow that recovers spontaneously without CPR maneuvers. This update discusses vasovagal syncope with its differential diagnoses and possible etiologies, pathophysiology, and diagnostic methods. Additionally, the experience on this topic of our hospital regarding investigations, treatment, and diagnosis is presented. (AU)

Disseminação do vírus da doença de Aujeszky, envolvendo o comércio de reprodutores suínos de reposição / Spread of virus of Aujeszky's disease by the trade of replacement swine breeders

Relata-se a disseminação da infeção pelo vírus da doença de Aujeszky (VDA) a partir da comercialização de reprodutores suínos oriundos de duas granjas de reprodutores suídeos certificada (GRSC) que tiveram surto da DA. Após a confirmação do diagnóstico de DA, os suínos comercializados 37 a 45 dias anteriores aos surtos foram recolhidos, submetidos ao exame sorológico para o VDA e enviados ao abate. Nos rebanhos-destino foram realizados exames sorológicos para o VDA 17 a 37 dias após o recolhimento, naqueles que estavam lojados nas baias vizinhas àquelas onde haviam sido alojados os suínos comprados; seis meses mais tarde, foi realizada outra sorologia por amostragem dos reprodutores. No total, 52 rebanhos compraram suínos das duas granjas, e, destes, 37 (69,8 por cento) receberam, pelo menos, um animal com sorologia positiva para o VDA. Somente sete (18,9 por cento) deles apresentaram sorologia positiva para o VDA, e em 30 (81,1 por cento), não houve indícios de disseminação da infecção. A contaminação pelo VDA de granjas GRSC representa enorme potencial para a disseminação da infecção, por meio do comércio de suínos de reposição. A rastreabilidade dos animais comercializados em um período anterior ao diagnóstico, com imediata remoção dos lotes de suínos dos rebanhos-destino, evitou a disseminação da infecção

It was reported the spreading of the infection caused by the virus of Aujesky's disease (VAD) by the commercialization of breeders originated from two pigs farms GRSC (Farms of Certified Swine Breeders - FCSB) which had an outbreak of Aujeszky's disease. After the positive diagnosis of Aujesky's disease, the pigs traded from 37 to 45 day before the outbreaks were removed from the herd, bled for serological exams for the VAD and sent to slaughterhouses. The herds which received these pigs were serologically tested for the VAD, 17 to 37 days after the removal of the animals. Serological tests were also performed in pigs lodged at neighboring cages to those which had been lodged with the pigs bought and a sampling test was done six months later. Thus, 52 flocks bought pigs from the farms 1 and 2. From those, 37 (69.8 percent) received at least one serum-positive pig for the VAD. Only seven (18.9 percent) of them were infected and 30 (81.1 percent) pigs showed no indications of infection by the VAD. The occurrence of VAD in FCSB farms represents huge potential for spreading of the VAD, by the trade of replacement pigs. The traceability investigation and removal of the animals traded before the diagnosis, with immediate removal of the positive lots of pigs at the destiny herd, avoided the spread of the infection

Disseminação do vírus da doença de Aujeszky, envolvendo o comércio de reprodutores suínos de reposição / Spread of virus of Aujeszky's disease by the trade of replacement swine breeders

Relata-se a disseminação da infeção pelo vírus da doença de Aujeszky (VDA) a partir da comercialização de reprodutores suínos oriundos de duas granjas de reprodutores suídeos certificada (GRSC) que tiveram surto da DA. Após a confirmação do diagnóstico de DA, os suínos comercializados 37 a 45 dias anteriores aos surtos foram recolhidos, submetidos ao exame sorológico para o VDA e enviados ao abate. Nos rebanhos-destino foram realizados exames sorológicos para o VDA 17 a 37 dias após o recolhimento, naqueles que estavam lojados nas baias vizinhas àquelas onde haviam sido alojados os suínos comprados; seis meses mais tarde, foi realizada outra sorologia por amostragem dos reprodutores. No total, 52 rebanhos compraram suínos das duas granjas, e, destes, 37 (69,8 por cento) receberam, pelo menos, um animal com sorologia positiva para o VDA. Somente sete (18,9 por cento) deles apresentaram sorologia positiva para o VDA, e em 30 (81,1 por cento), não houve indícios de disseminação da infecção. A contaminação pelo VDA de granjas GRSC representa enorme potencial para a disseminação da infecção, por meio do comércio de suínos de reposição. A rastreabilidade dos animais comercializados em um período anterior ao diagnóstico, com imediata remoção dos lotes de suínos dos rebanhos-destino, evitou a disseminação da infecção(AU)

It was reported the spreading of the infection caused by the virus of Aujesky's disease (VAD) by the commercialization of breeders originated from two pigs farms GRSC (Farms of Certified Swine Breeders - FCSB) which had an outbreak of Aujeszky's disease. After the positive diagnosis of Aujesky's disease, the pigs traded from 37 to 45 day before the outbreaks were removed from the herd, bled for serological exams for the VAD and sent to slaughterhouses. The herds which received these pigs were serologically tested for the VAD, 17 to 37 days after the removal of the animals. Serological tests were also performed in pigs lodged at neighboring cages to those which had been lodged with the pigs bought and a sampling test was done six months later. Thus, 52 flocks bought pigs from the farms 1 and 2. From those, 37 (69.8 percent) received at least one serum-positive pig for the VAD. Only seven (18.9 percent) of them were infected and 30 (81.1 percent) pigs showed no indications of infection by the VAD. The occurrence of VAD in FCSB farms represents huge potential for spreading of the VAD, by the trade of replacement pigs. The traceability investigation and removal of the animals traded before the diagnosis, with immediate removal of the positive lots of pigs at the destiny herd, avoided the spread of the infection(AU)

Envenomation by the madagascan colubrid snake, Ithycyphus miniatus

We report two cases of envenomation by a Madagascan opisthoglyphous snake, Ithycyphus miniatus. In both cases, the snake bit the finger of a human who was preparing an experiment by tying a string around the snake body. Symptoms of the first case included temporal severe local pain and extensive bleeding. In the second case, severe pain accompanying obvious local swelling was caused and lasted for several hours. The present observations indicate that bite by I. miniatus potentially causes serious physiological effects in humans although the snake is basically calm and reluctant to bite.

Envenomation by the madagascan colubrid snake, Ithycyphus miniatus

We report two cases of envenomation by a Madagascan opisthoglyphous snake, Ithycyphus miniatus. In both cases, the snake bit the finger of a human who was preparing an experiment by tying a string around the snake body. Symptoms of the first case included temporal severe local pain and extensive bleeding. In the second case, severe pain accompanying obvious local swelling was caused and lasted for several hours. The present observations indicate that bite by I. miniatus potentially causes serious physiological effects in humans although the snake is basically calm and reluctant to bite.

Sleep-related hypoxaemia and excessive erythrocytosis in Andean high-altitude natives.

To determine whether nocturnal hypoxaemia contributes to the excessive erythrocytosis (EE) in Andean natives, standard polysomnographies were performed in 10 patients with EE and in 10 controls (mean haematocrit 76.6 +/- 1.3% and 5.4 +/- 0.8%, respectively) living at an altitude of 4,380 m. In addition, the effect of O2 administration for 1 h prior to sleep, and the relationship between the hypoxic/hypercapnic ventilatory response and the apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) during sleep were studied. Awake arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O2) was significantly lower in patients with EE than in controls (83.7 +/- 0.3% versus 85.6 +/- 0.4%). In both groups, the mean Sa,O2 significantly decreased during sleep (to 80.0 +/- 0.8% in EE and to 82.8 +/- 0.5% in controls). The mean Sa,O2 values remained significantly lower in patients with EE than in controls at all times of the night, and patients with EE spent significantly more time than the controls with an Sa,O2 of <80%. There were no differences between the two groups in the number and duration of the apnoeas/hypopnoeas. None of these variables were affected by O2 administration. In both groups the AHI positively correlated with the hypercapnic ventilatory response. Andean natives undergo minor respiratory disorders during sleep. The reduction in oxygen saturation found in subjects with excessive erythrocytosis was small, yet consistent and potentially important, as it remained below the threshold known for the increase in erythropoietin stimulation. This may be an important factor promoting erythropoiesis, but its relevance needs to be further explored.

Effect of dietary lipid-lowering drugs upon plasma lipids and egg yolk cholesterol levels of laying hens.

To evaluate the effect of lipid-lowering agents upon egg quality, reproductive performance, plasma lipids, and egg yolk cholesterol levels, 30-week-old Shaver laying hens were fed a basal diet (commercial ration) supplemented with 0.1% probucol (PROB), 0.025% gemfibrozil (GEMF), or lovastatin at 0.0005% (LOV1), 0.001% (LOV2), or 0.0015% (LOV3) for a 12-week experimental period. It was observed that the supplementation of the drugs did not impair albumen and shell quality. Hen performance was not adversely affected. The depression in triglyceride concentrations approached statistical significance only in LOV2 (38.5%), and total cholesterol was significantly depressed in LOV2 (36.0%), LOV3 (36.8%), PROB (29.6%), and GEMF (30.4%) treatments. Egg cholesterol content, expressed per gram of yolk, was significant lowered in LOV1 (7.5%) and LOV3 (12. 7%).

Investigation into the use of the laryngeal mask airway in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. ANIMALS: Eight healthy adult mixed breed dogs weighing from 15 to 20 kg. METHODS: The dogs were anesthetized with intravenous pentobarbital. An LMA was introduced after the induction of anesthesia and 1 L/min O2 plus 1 L/min air was delivered using a circle anesthetic system. Respiratory rate, tidal volume, arterial O2 saturation (pulse oximetry), end tidal CO2, inspired fraction of O2, pulse rate, and mean arterial blood pressure were measured after the insertion of the LMA and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes afterwards. RESULTS: There were no changes in respiratory rate, tidal volume, arterial O2 saturation, and pulse rate during anesthesia. End tidal CO2 decreased significantly by the end of anesthesia and ventilation appeared satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: An LMA appeared to be an alternative option to maintain the patency of the airway in dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This device may allow safe maintenance of an airway in dogs when intubation is difficult or when it interferes with the procedure (eg, cervical myelography).

Genetic relationships of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated from a diphtheria case and carriers by restriction fragment length polymorphism of rRNA genes.

In the present study we report the results of an analysis, based on ribotyping of Corynebacterium diphtheriae intermedius strains isolated from a 9 years old child with clinical diphtheria and his 5 contacts. Quantitative analysis of RFLPs of rRNA was used to determine relatedness of these 7 C.diphtheriae strains providing support data in the diphtheria epidemiology. We have also tested those strains for toxigenicity in vitro by using the Elek's gel diffusion method and in vivo by using cell culture method on cultured monkey kidney cell (VERO cells). The hybridization results revealed that the 5 C.diphtheriae strains isolated from contacts and one isolated from the clinical case (nose case strain) had identical RFLP patterns with all 4 restriction endonucleases used, ribotype B. The genetic distance from this ribotype and ribotype A (throat case strain), that we initially assumed to be responsible for the illness of the patient, was of 0.450 showing poor genetic correlation among these two ribotypes. We found no significant differences concerned to the toxin production by using the cell culture method. In conclusion, the use of RFLPs of rRNA gene was successful in detecting minor differences in closely related toxigenic C.diphtheriae intermedius strains and providing information about genetic relationships among them.

Immunoglobulin switch circular DNA in the mouse infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: evidence for successive class switching from mu to epsilon via gamma 1.

We have characterized immunoglobulin switch circular DNA in mice infected with the nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Two kinds of circular DNA were identified in the lymph nodes as excision products of switch recombination of immunoglobulin heavy-chain constant region (CH) genes. One is a recombinant between C mu and C gamma 1 (gamma 1 circle), and the other is a recombinant between C gamma 1 and C epsilon (epsilon circle). In the epsilon circle, a short piece of switch mu (S mu) sequence was inserted between S epsilon and S gamma 1 sequences. The inserted S mu sequence could be a trace of the preceding switch from C mu to C gamma 1. These findings indicate that parasitic infection can induce class switch recombinations in a successive manner, first from C mu to C gamma 1, and then from C gamma 1 to C epsilon.