RESUMEN
To clarify the natural course of degenerative spondylolisthesis, the mechanism and progression of disk slippage were studied clinically and radiographically in 40 patients. Progressive slippage was observed in 12 patients (30%). No progression of slippage was noted in patients who showed narrowing of the intervertebral disk, spur formation, subcartilaginous sclerosis, or ossification of ligaments. These suggest that the mechanisms of spinal restabilization prevent progression of the disease. General joint laxity was observed in many patients (65%), and this was believed to be involved in the pathogenic mechanism of this disease. There was no correlation between the clinical symptoms and progression of slippage. These findings suggest that careful consideration of the natural mechanisms of spinal restabilization as well as the natural course of the disease is important.
Asunto(s)
Vértebras Lumbares , Espondilolistesis/etiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rango del Movimiento Articular/fisiología , Espondilolistesis/epidemiología , Espondilolistesis/fisiopatología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Upper cervical spine was examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and conventional roentgenograms in 55 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The MRI findings were compared with various values determined in roentgenograms: the atlanto-dental interval (ADI), the space available for the spinal cord (SAC), and the Ranawat and Redlund-Johnell values. In patients with vertical settling (VS), MRI showed medullary compression in all those with abnormal Redlund-Johnell values and Ranawat values of 7 mm or less. In patients with anterior atlanto-axial subluxation, compression of the upper cervical cord was observed in all patients with SAC of 13 mm or less and many of those with ADI of 8 mm or greater. This study indicated that medullary compression can be estimated by these values determined in roentgenograms of the cervical spine.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Reumatoide/complicaciones , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Enfermedades de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Articulación Atlantoaxoidea/lesiones , Humanos , Luxaciones Articulares/diagnóstico , Luxaciones Articulares/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Movimiento , Cuello , Dolor , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/diagnóstico , Compresión de la Médula Espinal/etiología , Enfermedades de la Columna Vertebral/etiología , Enfermedades de la Columna Vertebral/fisiopatología , Columna Vertebral/patologíaRESUMEN
The usefulness of the recently developed Ranawat and Redlund-Johnell craniometric methods was compared with that of the conventional McGregor method for diagnosing vertical settling (VS) of the skull and the atlas on the axis in 209 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Statistical analysis of the values obtained from roentgenograms revealed close correlations among the three methods. The first two methods were superior to the McGregor method because the measuring points could be identified on plain roentgenograms of the cervical spine in virtually all cases. The McGregor value could not be determined in 38 (18%) patients. Since medullary compression could be detected by magnetic resonance imaging in all patients who showed abnormal Redlund-Johnell values, the Redlund-Johnell method may be useful for diagnosing advanced VS. It also detects not only atlantoaxial lesions but also atlantooccipital lesions. Thus, the Redlund-Johnell method appears to be the best method for diagnosing VS in RA patients.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Artritis Reumatoide/complicaciones , Articulación Atlantoaxoidea/patología , Cefalometría , Vértebras Cervicales , Femenino , Humanos , Luxaciones Articulares/diagnóstico , Luxaciones Articulares/etiología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades de la Columna Vertebral/etiologíaRESUMEN
Atlantoaxial subluxation has been treated conventionally by Gallie posterior fusion. This technique, however, has disadvantages such as the frequent occurrence of pseudarthrosis, a high probability of relapse, and the necessity of long-standing strict external fixation until bone fusion. To overcome these problems, posterior occipitoatlantoaxial fusion was performed using a rectangular rod that assures strong internal fixation in 16 patients with atlantoaxial subluxation. The condition was complicated by superior migration of the dens in five patients. Clinical and roentgenographic examinations before and after the operation showed improvements in neurological symptoms and in pain in the neck and occipital region in all patients. Bone fusion was observed in all patients and reduction, performed to the extent possible during the operation, was retained adequately. The present method, which provides strong internal fixation, allows bone fusion and early initiation of rehabilitation with a simple external support of the neck. It also facilitates laminectomy of C1 in patients with associated myelopathy. This procedure, therefore, is particularly effective in patients with marked instability or with rheumatoid arthritis and makes postoperative application of a halo vest or skull traction unnecessary.
Asunto(s)
Articulación Atlantoaxoidea , Luxaciones Articulares/cirugía , Fusión Vertebral , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Articulación Atlantoaxoidea/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación Atlantoaxoidea/cirugía , Vértebras Cervicales/diagnóstico por imagen , Vértebras Cervicales/cirugía , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Luxaciones Articulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía , Fusión Vertebral/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
Atlanto-axial dislocation and upward migration of the odontoid were studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated conservatively and those treated by atlanto-axial posterior fusion. Upward migration of the odontoid was evaluated by Ranawat's and Redlund-Johnell's methods after determining the normal range in healthy Japanese adults. Of the 100 patients treated conservatively, atlanto-axial dislocation was found in 49% and upward migration of the odontoid in 26% by the former method, and in 8% by the latter method. The detection rate of these lesions increased with the increase in the duration of the disease and progression of rheumatoid lesions. Abnormal Ranawat values are associated with lesions in the C1-C2 segment and abnormal Redlund-Johnell values with 0-C2 lesions. The latter suggests severe conditions and seems to be a useful indicator for the diagnosis of upward migration of the odontoid in our study. Though rheumatoid lesions in the upper cervical spine mainly involved the C1-C2 level, marked deterioration of the atlanto-occipital joints was also occasionally observed. Therefore, in surgical treatment, attention should be paid also to this region. Patients with abnormal Redlund-Johnell values require spinal fixation including the occipital bone.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Reumatoide/complicaciones , Articulación Atlantoaxoidea/diagnóstico por imagen , Vértebra Cervical Axis/diagnóstico por imagen , Luxaciones Articulares/etiología , Apófisis Odontoides/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Artritis Reumatoide/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación Atlantoaxoidea/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Luxaciones Articulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Luxaciones Articulares/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía , Enfermedades de la Columna Vertebral/etiología , Fusión VertebralRESUMEN
A congenital defect of the posterior elements (spinous process and vertebral arch) of the axis was observed in a 20-year-old man. This anomaly was detected by coincidence during roentgenographic study of the cervical spine for the investigation of headaches and neck pain following trauma. The clinical symptoms were relieved by conservative therapy, and the patient returned to a normal life.
Asunto(s)
Vértebra Cervical Axis/anomalías , Adulto , Vértebra Cervical Axis/diagnóstico por imagen , Dolor de Espalda/etiología , Vértebras Cervicales/diagnóstico por imagen , Cefalea/etiología , Humanos , Pierna , Masculino , Dolor/etiología , RadiografíaRESUMEN
Two patients with atlantoaxial dislocation (one with an accompanying basilar impression) were treated by a combination of transoral anterior decompression and anterior fusion with good results. Transoral odontoidectomy is hazardous and difficult. However, modern high-speed drills increase the safety and diminish the difficulty of the procedure. If the displacement is irreducible and significant, removal of the protruding odontoid process is considered essential for relief of myelopathy. Simultaneous anterior fusion eliminates the necessity of a second operation, i.e., posterior fusion for stabilization of the atlantoaxial region.
Asunto(s)
Articulación Atlantoaxoidea/cirugía , Luxaciones Articulares/cirugía , Fusión Vertebral/métodos , Adulto , Articulación Atlantoaxoidea/diagnóstico por imagen , Vértebras Cervicales/diagnóstico por imagen , Vértebras Cervicales/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Luxaciones Articulares/complicaciones , Luxaciones Articulares/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Parálisis/etiología , Parálisis/cirugía , Cuidados Posoperatorios , RadiografíaRESUMEN
Congenital absence of a vertebral pedicle in the cervical spine, a rare disorder, was observed in a 41-year-old woman. The disorder may be confused with a "dumbbell" tumor and erosion by a tortuous vertebral artery. The diagnosis is established by characteristic radiologic changes, especially in oblique roentgenograms, myelograms, and CT scans. Nerve root decompression was performed by hemilaminectomy at the level of the fifth cervical vertebra. There was little relief of pain, the chief preoperative complaint. Surgery may not be indicated for patients with congenital absence of a vertebral pedicle.
Asunto(s)
Vértebras Cervicales/anomalías , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Laminectomía , Dolor , Raíces Nerviosas Espinales/cirugíaRESUMEN
Sections of liver from rats injected with 3,4-benzpyrene and 3-methylcholanthrene, when incubated in mediums specific for the histochemical demonstration of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes, show greater activity of several of these enzymes than do sections from control rats. This observation was confirmed by comparison of the staining of mitochondria isolated from the control and from "induced" rats. The fact that an inhibitor of protein synthesis, actinomycin D, effectively diminished the stimulation provided evidence that the stimulation of activity is due to an increase in enzyme synthesis, generally called induction.