Acute and chronic effects of resistive exercise on blood pressure in hypertensive elderly women.

The purpose of this study was to investigate postexercise hypotension (PEH) during a 4-month period of resistance training in hypertensive elderly women. Sixty-four women were divided into 2 groups: an experimental group (EG), which performed resistance training, and a control group (CG) that did not practice any exercise. The EG carried out the following steps: (a) 3 weeks of exercise adaptation and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test (month 1); (b) resistance exercise at 60% 1RM (month 2); (c) resistance exercise at 70% 1RM (month 3); (d) resistance exercise at 80% 1RM (month 4); and (e) PEH analyses at the end of each month. Measurements of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were calculated each 5 minutes during a 20-minute resting period before the sessions and each 15 minutes during 1 hour of post-session recovery. Analysis of covariance for repeated measures showed a reduction in SBP of about 14 mm Hg (p ≤ 0.05) and in DBP of 3.6 mm Hg (p ≤ 0.05) between resting values after the training period. In the EG group, SBP showed acute PEH during months 2 and 3, whereas DBP showed acute PEH during months 2 and 4. The CG did not show acute PEH or variations during the 4-month period. Postexercise hypotension occurrence and chronic reduction of resting blood pressure observed in the EG may have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system of the study participants.

Effects of treadmill running and resistance exercises on lowering blood pressure during the daily work of hypertensive subjects.

The purposes of this study were to compare the hypotensive effects of treadmill running (TR) and resistance exercise (RE) performed by hypertensive subjects and to verify if the hypotensive effects of these exercises are maintained during a regular white-collar workday. Fifteen white-collar workers (42.9 +/- 1.6 years), treated with antihypertensive medication, accomplished three different sessions: 20 minutes of TR (approximately 70-80% of heart rate reserve), 20 minutes of circuit training RE (20 repetitions at 40% of 1 repetition maximum), and a control session without exercise (CON). The systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, heart rate, and blood lactate were measured at resting (Rest) and after sessions at 15th (R15), 30th (R30), 45th (R45), and 60th (R60) min, as well as after lunch (AL), four (R4h) and seven (R7h) hours of recovery at the participants' workplace. In relation to rest, a higher decrease of systolic BP after TR (-11.1 +/- 7.6 mm Hg) and RE (-12.6 +/- 7.3 mm Hg) was observed respectively at the R30 and R45. For diastolic BP, the highest decreases after TR (-4.0 +/- 6.4 mm Hg) and RE (-9.0 +/- 7.0 mm Hg) were observed respectively at the R45 and R30. The systolic BP and mean BP after TR and RE differed significantly from CON session (p < 0.05), and lower post-exercise values could be observed over the workday. In conclusion, both 20 minutes of TR and RE resulted in postexercise hypotension, and were able to reduce BP throughout 7 hours after exercise, even throughout the subject's regular occupational activities. Also, the RE promoted higher cardiac protection and can be a useful model of physical exercise prescription for hypertension individuals.

Comparação entre o critério do CDC e outros indicativos de gordura corporal para avaliação do estado nutricional / Comparison between CDC criteria and other body fat indexes to assess nutritional status

Introdução: A obesidade está aumentando de forma alarmante sendo considerada uma verdadeira epidemia mundial; atinge todas as faixas etárias, especialmente as crianças. Nesse sentido, a utilização de métodos que sejam confiáveis e de fácil aplicação para o diagnostico da obesidade em crianças, torna-se essencial para a adoção de medidas necessárias. Objetivo: Comparar os indicadores de gordura corporal nas diferentes classificações nutricionais através do protocolo utilizado pelo CDC e verificar a associação entre estes indicadores. Metodologia: Foram avaliadas 1550 crianças (776 meninos e 774 meninas) com idades entre 7 e11 anos estudantes do ensino fundamental da cidade satélite de Taguatinga – DF. Para a classificação nutricional foi utilizado o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) baseado nos critérios de corte do Center For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Os outros indicadores de gordura corporal utilizados foram: as circunferências da cintura (CC) e do quadril (CQ) e a sua relação (RCQ); somatório de dobras cutâneas(SDCtrpa) e o percentual de gordura corporal (%GC). Para as analises estatísticas foram utilizados o teste t para amostras independentes, One way ANOVA, teste de Chi-quadrado (c²) e correlação de Pearson (p d” 0,05). Resultados: Foi encontrada maior prevalência de obesidade nos meninos (c² = 8,383; (1): p = 0,003). As medidas do IMC, CC, CQ, SDCtrpa e %GC apresentaram diferenças significativas para as quatro classificações nutricionais, enquanto que o RCQ só foi estatisticamente diferente entre o sobrepeso e obeso. Além disso, todos os indicadores apresentaram correlações significativas entre si. Conclusão: Tanto o IMC quanto os outros indicadores de gordura corporal apresentaram comportamento semelhantes nas diferentes classificações nutricionais. A escolha do protocolo proposto pelo CDC é adequada para a estratificação das classificações nutricionais na população do presente estudo...

Introduction: Obesity has achieved high levels in recent years. This fact is alarming since anyone can become fatty person, including children. In this way, reliable and available methods which can be used to identify this worldwide epidemic are very important to prevent it. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare different methods to identify nutritional status using CDC protocol as standard method and to verify their association. Methodolgy: a total of 1550 children (776-boys and 774-girls) aged 7-11-years were evaluated. All of them were primary school students in Taguatinga - DF city. Body mass index (BMI) cut-off points from Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was used to classify their nutritional status. Other methods to measure body fat were: waist circumference (WC); hip circumference (HC); Waist-to-hipratio (WHR); skin-fold thickness some (SSFT) and body fat percentage (%BF). The tests used for statistics analysis were: independent sample t test, One Way ANOVA, Chi-square (c²) and Pearson’s correlation (p d”0.05). Results: Body fat prevalence was higher in boys than in girls (c² = 8,383; (1): p = 0,003). BMI, WC, HC,SSFT and %BF were statistical significant among all nutritional classification, while WHR was only different between overweight and obesity. Furthermore, all methods were statistically correlated between them.