RESUMEN
A amamentação precoce é uma estratégia para a promoção ao aleitamento materno no Brasil, mas poucos estudos avaliam a aplicação dessa prática do ponto de vista das mães. Em uma abordagem qualitativa, investigaram-se as percepções de puérperas sobre a amamentação na primeira hora pós-parto. Os dados foram coletados pela observação dos princípios éticos e os relatos foram classificados nas categorias: O que é o leite materno; Benefícios da amamentação precoce para mãe e filho; e Orientações e prática da amamentação precoce. Embora reconhecessem o leite materno como alimento adequado para o desenvolvimento do bebê, as puérperas possuíam apenas informações gerais sobre aleitamento materno e a maioria desconhecia a teoria e a prática da amamentação precoce. Os achados apontam a necessidade de se conscientizar as gestantes sobre a importância da amamentação precoce durante o acompanhamento pré-natal.
El amamantamiento precoz es una estrategia para la promoción al amamantamiento materno en Brasil, pero pocos estudios evalúan la aplicación de esa práctica del punto de vista de las madres. Con un abordaje cualitativo, fueron investigadas las percepciones de puérperas sobre el amamantamiento en la primera hora posparto. Los datos fueron recogidos por la observación de los principios éticos y los relatos fueron clasificados en las categorías: Lo qué es la leche materna; Beneficios del amamantamiento precoz para madre e hijo; y Orientaciones y práctica del amamantamiento precoz. A pesar de reconocerse la leche materna como alimento adecuado para el desarrollo del bebé, las puérperas tenían solamente informaciones generales acerca del amamantamiento materno y la mayoría desconocía la teoría y práctica del amamantamiento precoz. Los resultados apuntan la necesidad de concientizar a las gestantes sobre la importancia del amamantamiento precoz durante el acompañamiento prenatal.
Early breastfeeding is a strategy for promoting breastfeeding in Brazil, but few studies have evaluated the application of this practice from the point of view of the mothers. The puerperas' perceptions regarding breastfeeding in the first hour following birth were investigated, using a qualitative approach. The data were collected observing ethical principles and the reports were classified in the following categories: What is breast milk?; The benefits of early breastfeeding for mother and child; and, guidance and practice of early breastfeeding. Although they recognize breast milk as an appropriate food for the baby's development, the puerperas have only general information about breastfeeding, and the majority are unaware of the theory and practice of early breastfeeding. The findings indicate the need to raise pregnant women's awareness regarding the importance of early breastfeeding during the prenatal monitoring.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactancia Materna , Enfermería Maternoinfantil , Recién NacidoRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: verificar a percepção de estudantes da área da saúde sobre as condições de vida e saúde de Comunidades Quilombolas. MÉTODO: trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com estudantes da área de saúde que participaram de uma atividade de pesquisa e extensão em Comunidades Rurais Quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais. Foram usados dados de Diário de Campo de Pesquisa, entrevista feita em grupo focal, e os resultados estudados sob o prisma da Análise de Conteúdo. RESULTADOS: as percepções dos estudantes foram categorizadas em três dimensões: reconhecimento das diferenças culturais, perplexidade com as condições precárias de vida e crescimento pessoal com a experiência. A análise de conteúdo mostrou a importância deste tipo de atividade para estudantes da saúde. CONCLUSÃO: o estudo demonstrou a perplexidade dos estudantes quanto aos aspectos de desigualdade que vive as populações quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais.
PURPOSE: to verify the perception of students about the conditions of life and health of Quilombo Communities. METHOD: it is a qualitative research with students of health field who participated in an activity of research and extension in Rural Communities Quilombola in northern Minas Gerais. We used data from Field Journal for Research, focus group interview, and the results analyzed through the prism of Content Analysis. RESULTS: the perceptions of students were categorized into three dimensions: recognition of cultural differences, perplexity with the poor living conditions and personal growth through experience. The content analysis showed the importance of this activity for students of health. CONCLUSIONS: the study showed the amazement of the students on the aspects of inequality that people living north of the Maroons of Minas Gerais.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In light of its epidemic proportions in developed and developing countries, obesity is considered a serious public health issue. In order to increase knowledge concerning the ability of health care professionals in caring for obese adolescents and adopt more efficient preventive and control measures, a questionnaire was developed and validated to assess non-dietitian health professionals regarding their Knowledge of Nutrition in Obese Adolescents (KNOA). METHODS: The development and evaluation of a questionnaire to assess the knowledge of primary care practitioners with respect to nutrition in obese adolescents was carried out in five phases, as follows: 1) definition of study dimensions 2) development of 42 questions and preliminary evaluation of the questionnaire by a panel of experts; 3) characterization and selection of primary care practitioners (35 dietitians and 265 non-dietitians) and measurement of questionnaire criteria by contrasting the responses of dietitians and non-dietitians; 4) reliability assessment by question exclusion based on item difficulty (too easy and too difficult for non-dietitian practitioners), item discrimination, internal consistency and reproducibility index determination; and 5) scoring the completed questionnaires. RESULTS: Dietitians obtained higher scores than non-dietitians (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.05), confirming the validity of the questionnaire criteria. Items were discriminated by correlating the score for each item with the total score, using a minimum of 0.2 as a correlation coefficient cutoff value. Item difficulty was controlled by excluding questions answered correctly by more than 90% of the non-dietitian subjects (too easy) or by less than 10% of them (too difficult). The final questionnaire contained 26 of the original 42 questions, increasing Cronbach's α value from 0.788 to 0.807. Test-retest agreement between respondents was classified as good to very good (Kappa test, >0.60). CONCLUSION: The KNOA questionnaire developed for primary care practitioners is a valid, consistent and suitable instrument that can be applied over time, making it a promising tool for developing and guiding public health policies.