RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Sesamin is a major lignan constituent of sesame and possesses various health-promoting effects. Previous studies have demonstrated that sesamin extends the lifespan of Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans and corrects oxidative damage-related tissue dysfunction in mammals. To understand its anti-aging effects, we aimed to determine whether sesamin restores tissue function hampered by oxidative damage and suppresses several aging-related phenotypes using Drosophila senescence-accelerated models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We elucidated the anti-aging effects of sesamin on several aging-related phenotypes in the muscle, brain and midgut using the senescence-accelerated models (Sod1n1 mutant and Sod1-depleted flies) by immunostaining experiments. We determined the expression levels of several anti-oxidative and DNA repair genes using quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). We also identified the metabolite of sesamin in Drosophila by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS: We confirmed that sesamin (0.35 and 2 mg/ml) extended the lifespan of the fly models. As observed in mammals, it can be absorbed and metabolized by Drosophila adults. The sesamin feeding suppressed the age-dependent impairment of locomotor activity and inhibited the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in their bodies. Sesamin delayed the age-dependent accumulation of damaged proteins in the muscle, partially suppressed the loss of dopaminergic neurons in adult brains displaying ROS accumulation, and suppressed the accumulation of DNA damage and hyperproliferation of intestinal stem cells. Four antioxidative genes and two DNA repair genes were simultaneously upregulated in sesamin-fed adults. CONCLUSIONS: These observations represent the first direct evidence of the anti-aging effects of sesamin at the individual level. We propose that sesamin exerts anti-aging effects in the muscles, brain and midgut by inducing antioxidative and DNA repair genes, resulting in extended lifespan in flies.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Dioxoles/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Drosophila melanogaster , Intestinos , Lignanos/farmacología , Longevidad , Envejecimiento/genética , Animales , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Cromatografía Liquida , Dioxoles/análisis , Dioxoles/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/deficiencia , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/metabolismo , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Lignanos/análisis , Lignanos/metabolismo , Músculos/efectos de los fármacos , Músculos/metabolismo , Sistema Nervioso/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Nervioso/metabolismo , Fenotipo , Superóxido Dismutasa/deficiencia , Superóxido Dismutasa/genética , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Espectrometría de Masas en TándemRESUMEN
Reflux following an esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction in the posterior mediastinum is a clinically significant problem. In this study, we investigated the frequency and impact of reflux on the quality of life (QOL) among 158 patients who underwent an esophagectomy for esophageal cancer using an original questionnaire and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Version 3.0 (EORTC QLQ-C30). Reflux frequency was assessed using the original questionnaire. The number of patients who complained of reflux every day, two or three times a week, once a week, or less than once a week was 16 (10.1%), 21 (13.3%), 26 (16.5%), and 60 (38.0%), respectively. Out of 35 patients (22.2%) reported no reflux symptoms. Patients were divided into two groups: those with reflux ≥ once/week (63 patients) and those with low frequency of symptoms (95 patients). Time elapsed following surgery was the only factor to influence reflux frequency. Reflux frequency decreased within two years of surgery; however, the frequency plateaued after more than two years. QOL was assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30. The ≥ once/week reflux group had a significantly lower global health status score than the low-frequency reflux group (59.6 ± 24.2 vs. 70.8 ± 20.7; P = 0.007). In addition, the ≥ once/week reflux group had a significantly lower social functioning score than the low-frequency reflux group (81.6 ± 24.1 vs. 88.4 ± 19.8; P = 0.035). Regarding symptoms, the ≥ once/week reflux group had significantly higher scores for fatigue, nausea, and vomiting, dyspnea and insomnia compared to the low-frequency reflux group (fatigue: 42.4 ± 21.9 vs. 28.9 ± 18.4, P < 0.001; nausea and vomiting: 17.3 ± 17.1 vs. 4.9 ± 10.6, P < 0. 001; dyspnea: 29.2 ± 26.0 vs. 21.7 ± 26.8, P = 0.043; insomnia: 22.2 ± 31.1 vs. 10.5 ± 21.7, P = 0.015). Thus, reflux after an esophagectomy was associated with a lower QOL.
Asunto(s)
Esofagectomía/efectos adversos , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/psicología , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/psicología , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Anciano , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugía , Esofagectomía/métodos , Unión Esofagogástrica/cirugía , Femenino , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/epidemiología , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Mediastino/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Periodo Posoperatorio , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Rehabilitation for patients with Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is recommended as it improves the outcome of neurological deficits. Few studies focused on the effect of rehabilitation on mortality of the patients. AIM: To investigate the effect of rehabilitation on hospital mortality of patients with GBS using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) nationwide administrative claims database. DESIGN: A retrospective observational cohort study. SETTING: Hospitals adopting the Japanese DPC system. POPULATION: Patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of GBS between July 2007 and October 2011. METHODS: Data analyzed included sex, age, Barthel index at admission, use of ventilation, immune therapy, and rehabilitation during hospitalization, comorbidity, hospital volume, type of hospital, and in-hospital death. One-to-one propensity score-matching was used to compare hospital mortality rates within 30- and 90-days after admission in rehabilitation and non-rehabilitation groups. The adjusted odds ratios of rehabilitation to hospital mortality were also estimated. RESULTS: A total of 3835 patients were identified and analyzed. Patients with advancing age, lower Barthel index at admission, comorbidities, ventilation, or immune therapy were more likely to receive rehabilitation during hospitalization. Propensity-matched analysis of 926 pairs showed that the rehabilitation group had lower hospital mortality rates within both 30- and 90-days than the non-rehabilitation group. The adjusted odds ratios of rehabilitation to hospital mortality within 30- and 90-days were 0.14 and 0.23, respectively. CONCLUSION: After matching patients' background, rehabilitation was associated with lower hospital mortality of patients with GBS. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Rehabilitation treatment is essential for patients with GBS to improve their survival.
Asunto(s)
Actividades Cotidianas , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/mortalidad , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/rehabilitación , Puntaje de Propensión , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Mortalidad Hospitalaria/tendencias , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia/tendenciasRESUMEN
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare, congenital disorder caused by heterozygous mutation of the bone morphogenetic protein type I receptor ACVR1. Various forms of atypical FOP have recently been identified, and a novel mutation, ACVR1 (587T>C), was reported in 2011. We report on the second patient worldwide with ACVR1 (587T>C) mutation. A 22-year-old Japanese male with no family history of heterotopic ossification did not show any malformation of the great toes and showed normal development from birth to the age of 17 years, when heterotopic ossification appeared in the lumbar area. The clinical symptoms were similar to those reported previously: the delayed onset with a slower and mild clinical course and little finger camptodactyly. Gene analysis revealed that the patient was heterozygous for ACVR1 (587T>C) mutation, the same one as reported in 2011, suggesting a correlation between the location of the mutation and the clinical symptoms. This second report of ACVR1 (587T>C) mutation worldwide is particularly meaningful in that it highlights the difference between clinical symptoms of the first reported patient with ACVR1 (587T>C) mutation and those of classic FOP.
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Receptores de Activinas Tipo I/genética , Mutación , Miositis Osificante/diagnóstico , Miositis Osificante/genética , Huesos/diagnóstico por imagen , Huesos/patología , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Exones , Heterocigoto , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Fenotipo , Radiografía , Hombro/patología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The purpose of the present study was to use event-related potentials (ERP) to clarify the effect of magnetic stimulation on cognitive processing. A figure eight-shaped flat repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) coil was used to stimulate either the region over the left or the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is considered to be the origin of the P300 component. Stimulus frequencies were 1.00, 0.75 and 0.50 Hz rTMS. The strength of the magnetic stimulation was set at 80% of the motor threshold for each participant. The auditory oddball task was used to elicit P300s before and shortly after rTMS, and comprised a sequence of sounds containing standard (1 kHz pure tone, 80% of trials) and deviant (2 kHz pure tone, 20% of trials) stimuli. We found that a 1.00 Hz rTMS pulse train over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex increased P300 latencies by 8.50 ms at Fz, 12.85 ms at Cz, and 11.25 ms at Pz. In contrast, neither 0.75 and 0.50 Hz rTMS pulse trains over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex nor 1.00, 0.75 and 0.50 Hz rTMS pulse trains over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex altered P300 latencies. These results indicate that rTMS frequency affects cognitive processing. Thus, we suggest that the effects of rTMS vary according to the activity of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the cerebral cortex.
Asunto(s)
Cognición/fisiología , Corteza Prefrontal/fisiología , Estimulación Magnética Transcraneal/métodos , Adulto , Electrodos , Potenciales Relacionados con Evento P300/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Magnetismo , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The effectiveness of degasification using a degassing membrane to improve chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was investigated using a bench-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. Vacuum degasification was able to transfer dissolved gas in the bulk liquid of the UASB reactor inside the membrane. Such a process might provide thermodynamically favorable conditions for the degradation of organic compounds. The COD-removal efficiency improved from 83% during normal operation to 90% during the degassing operation.
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Reactores Biológicos , Membranas Artificiales , Anaerobiosis , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Oxígeno/química , Oxígeno/metabolismo , Fenoles/química , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Agua/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Purificación del AguaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The "ivy" sign that is identified on FLAIR images in patients with Moyamoya disease is considered to be leptomeningeal collaterals. The aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation between postoperative decrease in ivy sign and cerebral hemodynamic status in the bypass-established hemisphere. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with Moyamoya disease were enrolled. Postoperative changes in the ivy sign on FLAIR images were examined in each patient after bypass surgery. The correlation between postoperative changes in the ivy sign and hemodynamic status was examined in 10 patients by using SPECT. RESULTS: Of the 22 preoperative ivy-positive patients, 21 showed decreased ivy signs on the operative side. Average intervals between the operation day and the date when the decreased or vanished ivy sign was first recognized were 157.6 days in patients who underwent direct bypass and 212.2 days in patients who underwent indirect bypass. A postoperative decrease in ivy signs was found to be significantly correlated with an improved hemodynamic status of the surgically treated hemisphere, resulting in a postoperative increase in regional vascular reserve and a decreased proportion of the misery perfusion area (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative changes in the ivy sign can be used as a marker for identifying improved hemodynamics and also for testing the effectiveness of cerebral revascularization.
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Revascularización Cerebral/métodos , Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/citología , Meninges/patología , Enfermedad de Moyamoya/patología , Enfermedad de Moyamoya/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
P16 promoter methylation occurs frequently in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). For the early detection of tumour-related aberrant DNA, we examined p16 methylation using the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in tumour and serum samples of 17 OSCC patients. Aberrant p16 methylation was detected in 11 (64.7%) cases of primary OSCC. Of these 11 patients, 6 (54.5%) showed the same alteration in their serum. No methylation was found in control groups. Interestingly, DNA was detected in the serum of 3 out of 4 patients with recurrence. These results suggest that the MSP may be a sensitive and useful method for detecting recurrent OSCC.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Metilación de ADN , Genes p16 , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Boca/sangre , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Regiones Promotoras GenéticasRESUMEN
Insect metamorphosis is induced by the steroid 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) in the absence of sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone (JH). In Drosophila melanogaster, the Broad-Complex (BR-C) transcriptional factor plays critical roles during metamorphosis. We isolated cDNAs encoding BR-C in the silkworm Bombyx mori and examined their mRNA expression. cDNAs for three BR-C isoforms with zinc finger pairs (Z1, Z2 and Z4) and four isoforms lacking them were cloned. Their mRNAs were expressed in multiple tissues at the larval-pupal metamorphosis. In the anterior silk gland, BR-C mRNAs were expressed at the end of the last larval instar but not expressed during the penultimate instar. 20E administration induced BR-C mRNA expression and JH suppressed 20E-induced BR-C expression in this tissue both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, BR-C mRNAs are inducible by 20E only in the absence of JH, a finding that explains their metamorphosis-specific expression.
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Bombyx/fisiología , Ecdisterona/metabolismo , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Hormonas Juveniles/metabolismo , Metamorfosis Biológica/fisiología , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Animales , Bombyx/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Ecdisterona/genética , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica/genética , Hormonas Juveniles/genética , Larva/genética , Larva/fisiología , Metamorfosis Biológica/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genéticaRESUMEN
In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the effect of daily walking steps on ultrasound parameters of the calcaneus in elderly Japanese women. The subjects were 143 community-dwelling elderly women aged 61-87 years (mean age 71.4+/-5.5 years). The speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and the stiffness index (Stiffness) of the calcaneus were measured. Walking steps were recorded using a pedometer for 7 consecutive days as an outcome measure of physical activity. In univariate analyses, steps/day significantly decreased with aging. SOS, BUA and Stiffness showed negative correlations with age and positive correlations with weight. Linear relationships were not seen between any of the ultrasound parameters and daily walking steps. Then, the ultrasound parameters were adjusted for age and/or weight using multiple regression models, and the relationships between the adjusted ultrasound measurements and walking steps were examined using quadratic regression models. Walking activity up to approximately 12,000 steps/day was positively associated with the adjusted ultrasound measurements, above which additional walking steps had no positive effect. We conclude that daily walking steps may be suitable for evaluating the relationship between ultrasound parameters and physical activity in elderly women, but further research is needed to confirm the effect of daily walking steps on the rate of bone loss.
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Calcáneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Caminata/fisiología , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
A 57-year-old man who had past history of alcoholic hepatitis was admitted to our hospital because of fever, general malaise and dyspnea. Chest X-ray films and computed tomographic scans disclosed lobar pneumonia of the right upper lobe. Laboratory tests showed hypoxemia and renal dysfunction. Artificial ventilation, endotoxin adsorption (PMX) and continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) were started on the day after admission because of the appearance of progressive renal failure, hypotension and disturbance of consciousness. A diagnosis of septic multiple organ failure was made on the basis of a blood and sputum culture that revealed a K. pneumoniae infection. After the initiation of intensive therapy, the patient's general condition improved and artificial ventilation, PMX and CHDF were withdrawn. However, MRSA was isolated from sputum specimens and a lung abscess developed. In spite of vancomycin administration, the effect was limited. The patient underwent a right upper lobectomy and was discharged. The prognosis of bacteremic K. pneumoniae pneumonia in alcoholics is reported to be very poor. In our case, it is suggested that PMX and CHDF contributed to the improvement of the clinical course.
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Adsorción , Endotoxinas/aislamiento & purificación , Hemodiafiltración , Infecciones por Klebsiella/terapia , Neumonía Bacteriana/terapia , Bacteriemia/etiología , Bacteriemia/terapia , Endotoxinas/sangre , Humanos , Infecciones por Klebsiella/complicaciones , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Insuficiencia Multiorgánica/etiología , Insuficiencia Multiorgánica/terapia , Neumonía Bacteriana/complicaciones , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Choque Séptico/etiología , Choque Séptico/terapia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: p12DOC-1 is a growth suppressor that negatively regulates cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) activities. Expression of p12DOC-1 is reduced and/or lost in tumor tissues. The purpose of this study is to correlate in vivo the expression of p12DOC-1 in oral cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry with clinical and pathological parameters. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Twenty-five cases of normal oral mucosa and 127 cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas were evaluated. Patients' charts were reviewed for clinical, pathological, and 10-year survival data. Because p12DOC-1 is a growth suppressor and associates with CDK2, parallel immunostaining was done for proliferating cell nuclear antigen and CDK2 to evaluate cell proliferation and potential correlation with CDK2. RESULTS: Our results showed that strong p12DOC-1 staining was uniformly seen in normal oral mucosa. p12DOC-1 staining was reduced or absent in 81 cases (63.8%) of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Decreased p12DOC-1 staining (<25% of cells stained) correlated with tumor mode of invasion (P = 0.001) and higher proliferating cell nuclear antigen (P = 0.0028) and CDK2 (P = 0.0020) expression. Survival analysis showed significant correlation of low p12DOC-1 expression with the risk of cervical lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001) and patients' 10-year survival status (P = 0.0214). CONCLUSIONS: These results allow us to conclude that reduction of p12DOC-1 protein expression is a frequent event in oral cancers. Intratumor immunohistochemical evaluation of p12DOC-1 expression can be an adjunctive prognostic indicator for patients with oral cancer.
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Quinasas CDC2-CDC28 , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Biosíntesis de Proteínas , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Western Blotting , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Estudios de Cohortes , Quinasa 2 Dependiente de la Ciclina , Quinasas Ciclina-Dependientes/análisis , Epitelio/química , Epitelio/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mucosa Bucal/química , Mucosa Bucal/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/cirugía , Pronóstico , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula en Proliferación/análisis , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/análisis , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
We report three cases of pituitary abscess. Three patients, all females, had suffered headache and complained of general fatigue. In each case magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a sellar mass with suprasellar extension. T1-weighted images revealed an isointense or slightly hypointense lesion with thin ring-enhancement following gadolinium injection. No inflammatory signs were found in two cases. In one case, a gradual change in clinical symptoms and MRI findings was noted: the hypophyseal hemorrhagic lesion detected on MRI changed into a cystic lesion with thin ring-enhancement. Transsphenoidal surgery was performed in all three cases. In each case, however, no organism was cultured and no tumor component was found. It is difficult to diagnose pituitary abscess prior to surgery if no inflammatory signs are present. Diagnosis of this condition requires careful radiological evaluation. Findings of a suprasellar round cystic mass with thin ring-enhancement on MRI associated with thickened stalk, hyperprolactinemia, and diabetes insipidus may be suggestive of a pituitary abscess.
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Absceso Encefálico/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Hipófisis/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Absceso Encefálico/patología , Absceso Encefálico/cirugía , Femenino , Gadolinio DTPA , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Enfermedades de la Hipófisis/patología , Enfermedades de la Hipófisis/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Human beta-defensin 2 (hBD-2) plays a role in the innate defence system at mucosal surfaces. Colonisation of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach is an important pathological factor in gastrointestinal illnesses, including gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma. AIMS: To evaluate the antibacterial role of hBD-2 against H pylori infection in the gastric mucosa. SUBJECTS: Biopsied gastric mucosa specimens from H pylori positive (n=6) and H pylori negative (n=6) individuals were used. H pylori was determined by the presence of urease activity and microscopic examination. METHODS: The specimens were examined for hBD-2 expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridisation. The antibacterial effect of hBD-2 against H pylori was evaluated by the number of colony forming units of H pylori after incubation with 0, 10(-9), 10(-8), 10(-7), 10(-6), or 10(-5) M of hBD-2 peptide. RESULTS: All six H pylori positive specimens expressed a high level of hBD-2 mRNA while hBD-2 mRNA was not detected in the H pylori negative specimens by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry using anti-hBD-2 antiserum revealed that hBD-2 was expressed in the surface epithelium of H pylori infected specimens. In gastric specimens obtained after H pylori eradication, hBD-2 immunoreactivity had dramatically decreased. In situ hybridisation confirmed that hBD-2 transcripts were localised in the epithelium of H pylori infected gastric specimens. Incubation with hBD-2 reduced the growth rate of cultured H pylori in a dose dependent manner, and incubation with 10(-5) M hBD-2 completely inhibited the proliferation of H pylori. CONCLUSIONS: H pylori infection induces hBD-2 expression in the human gastric epithelium. hBD-2 inhibited the growth of H pylori in vitro, suggesting that hBD-2 plays an antibacterial role in H pylori induced gastritis.
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Gastritis/metabolismo , Infecciones por Helicobacter/metabolismo , Helicobacter pylori , beta-Defensinas/fisiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Gastritis/inmunología , Infecciones por Helicobacter/inmunología , Helicobacter pylori/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunidad Mucosa , Hibridación in Situ/métodos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , beta-Defensinas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The simultaneous determination of morphine and the glucuronide metabolites [morphine-3-beta-D-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-beta-D-glucuronide (M6G)] in rat hair and rat plasma was carried out using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved using a semi-micro-HPLC column (3 microm particle size; 100 x 2.0 mm id) by gradient elution with 50 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as eluents. After separation, morphine and the glucuronides were determined by selected ion monitoring (SIM) of ESI-MS using the quasi-molecular ions [M + H]+ at m/z = 286 and 462, respectively. The calibration curves were linear between the concentration of the analytes and the deuterium-labelled morphine (M-d3) selected as internal standard. The method was applied for the determination of the incorporation of morphine and the glucuronides into the hair shafts and hair roots of Dark Agouti rats after single intraperitoneal administration of morphine hydrochloride. Plasma concentrations of morphine and glucuronides were simultaneously determined after administration. Morphine and M3G were detected in the hair shafts and the hair roots. The concentrations of M3G in the hair root were lower than those of morphine in all sampling periods. In contrast, M3G concentrations in plasma were relatively higher at each sampling time. Small quantities of M6G were also identified in the plasma up to 4 h after administration. The concentration difference between the hair root and plasma seems to be due to the incorporation ratio of morphine and glucuronide into hair. As M3G was also identified in the hair shaft 1 week after administration, the incorporation of glucuronide metabolites into hair is obvious. This is the first report of the identification of morphine glucuronide in hair samples without the use of acid hydrolysis or enzyme digestion.
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Cabello/química , Morfina/análisis , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Masculino , Morfina/sangre , Derivados de la Morfina/análisis , Derivados de la Morfina/sangre , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de ElectrosprayRESUMEN
A 70-year-old man treated for 6 months with prednisolone for nephrotic syndrome, was referred to our pulmonary division because of a nodule in the right lower lung field. Nocardia asteroides was isolated from the culture of the percutaneous lung aspiration, and the case was diagnosed as pulmonary nocardiosis. The lesion disappeared after 2 months of therapy with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (1,600 mg/320 mg once a day). Though it had been given prophylactically (800 mg/160 mg twice a week) for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis.
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Síndrome Nefrótico/complicaciones , Nocardiosis/complicaciones , Nocardia asteroides , Infecciones Oportunistas/complicaciones , Neumonía Bacteriana/complicaciones , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Nefrótico/tratamiento farmacológico , Nocardiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Oportunistas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía Bacteriana/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía por Pneumocystis/prevención & control , Prednisolona/efectos adversos , Prednisolona/uso terapéutico , Combinación Trimetoprim y Sulfametoxazol/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
A 71-year-old woman with no history of asbestos exposure was referred to our hospital for evaluation of mediastinal soft tissue density. Six months prior to the admission, she had developed back pain and had been diagnosed as having intercostal neuralgia. Since the symptoms progressed, she was referred to another hospital. While chest radiography revealed no abnormality, chest computed tomography showed the prominence of mediastinal soft tissue, extending to the left hilum and partially destroying the nearby vertebrae. However, no pleural effusion was noted. After admission, a thoracoscopic examination was performed, and a whitish mass was found on the pleural surface partially adhering to the chest wall. Histological examination of the biopsied material showed dense areas of collagenous tissue with small foci of slightly atypical spindle cells. These findings led to the diagnosis of desmoplastic malignant pleural mesothelioma. The patient was treated with combined chemo-radiotherapy, but the response to this treatment was unclear. To date, reports for this subgroup of malignant mesothelioma are still rare.
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Mesotelioma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pleurales/diagnóstico , Anciano , Dolor de Espalda/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Mesotelioma/patología , Invasividad Neoplásica , Neoplasias Pleurales/patología , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
A 51-year-old woman was admitted because of a productive cough. Atelectasis of the left upper lobe and eosinophilia were noted. The atelectasis was resolved after bronchoscopic removal of the mucous plug. Pathologically, it consisted of eosinophil accumulation with hyphae. Cultures of sputum samples revealed Schizophyllum commune. We diagnosed this case as mucoid impaction of bronchi due to S. commune. Eight months later, a productive cough developed again. Chest radiography showed atelectasis of the right middle lobe. Cultures of bronchial washings yielded S. commune and Aspergillus niger. The atelectasis was resolved by four months of administration of itraconazole (200 mg daily).
Asunto(s)
Aspergilosis Broncopulmonar Alérgica/microbiología , Enfermedades Pulmonares Fúngicas/microbiología , Micosis/microbiología , Atelectasia Pulmonar/etiología , Schizophyllum , Aspergillus/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Schizophyllum/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
A 45-year-old man visited our clinic because of intermittent bloody sputum. The chest roentogenogram was normal, but the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed very small nodules and bronchiolitis adjacent to pleura in the upper right lung field. The bronchoscopic examination revealed blood-streaked bronchial secretion in the right upper lobe bronchus, and the cultures of the sputa and the bronchial washing specimen showed acid-fast bacilli identified as Mycobacterium intracellulare by DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) method. This case was diagnosed as Mycobacterium intracellulare lung disease. The patient received isoniazid, levofloxacin, and clarithromycin for three years without clinical and bacteriological improvement. His hemoptysis and the number of colonies recovered from sputum cultures decreased without any medication later. The serial chest roentogenograms and HRCTs have showed no changes for 6 years after the diagnosis. This case may show some clues to elucidate the mechanism of the onset of Mycobacterium intracellulare lung disease without predisposing conditions.
Asunto(s)
Infección por Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Hemoptisis/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infección por Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
A sensitive method using reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry has been developed for simultaneous determination of triazolam and its hydroxy metabolites in hair. After the addition of deuterium-labeled 1-hydroxymethyltriazolam as an internal standard, the analytes in hair shaft and hair root samples were extracted with a basic medium, CH(2)Cl(2):MeOH:28% NH(4)OH (20:80:2) at room temperature overnight. The chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved using a semimicro HPLC column (3-microm particle size; 100 x 2.0-mm i.d.) by gradient elution with acetonitrile in water containing 1% acetic acid as eluent. The mass spectrometer was operated in selected-ion monitoring mode at quasi-molecular ions [M+H](+) of triazolam and its metabolites. The method has been applied to determine the incorporation of triazolam and its metabolites into the hair shafts and hair roots of Dark Agouti rats administered 3 or 6 mg/kg triazolam intraperitoneally twice a day for 5 days. Triazolam, 1-hydroxymethyltriazolam, and 4-hydroxytriazolam were incorporated into the hair shafts and the hair roots. The concentration of 4-hydroxytriazolam was the highest of all compounds detected. An unknown substance considered to be 1,4-dihydroxytriazolam also appeared in the hair samples. The structural elucidation was performed with online HPLC-MS after acetylation of the substance with acetic anhydride and pyridine. The time course studies of triazolam and the metabolites in both rat hair roots and plasma were carried out after single intraperitoneal administration of triazolam. The concentrations of triazolam and the metabolites in the hair roots reflected those in the plasma. The proposed method using selected-reaction monitoring was applied to the determination of triazolam and the metabolites in human hairs of a triazolam addict. Triazolam, 1-hydroxymethyltriazolam, and 4-hydroxytriazolam were identified in the black hair shafts, whereas only triazolam was detected in the hair roots and the white hair shafts. This is the first report on the detection of triazolam and its metabolites in human hairs.