Toxicologic screening of some surfactants using modern in vivo bioassays.

This paper aims to evaluate the degree of skin irritation using specific in vivo tests. The completion of the study is to develop models with wide applicability in toxicological area. HET-CAM or chorioallantoic membrane assay is a new method accepted as an INVITTOX protocol that is a substitute of Draize test. The methods applied in present study were CAM assay on embryonated egg and CD1 Nu/Nu experimental model. The evaluation of erythema that is an important toxic effect of surfactants was done using a Mexameter MX18 (Courage Khazaka research line). The main observations were that sodium lauryl sulphate is the most toxic compound on our series but the non-ionic surfactants are not completely non-noxious. Non-invasive methods can be associated with other test such as CAM assay to evaluate irritant compounds.

Researches of the nitrates and nitrites in some well waters from rural area in correlation with methoglobinemia morbidity.

UNLABELLED: Ground water is a major source of public supply for the rural population and in some areas, it is only source of available water. It is well known the toxic action of nitrate upon organisms, by formatting methemoglobin and N-nitroso compounds. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study it was investigated the presence of nitrates and nitrites in same well waters, mountain and hill areas in Neamt district. The chemical parameters were carried out by following standard methods. The statistical analysis includes descriptive statistics of the water quality parameters. RESULTS: It is noticed high values of the nitrate concentrations, over Maximum Admissible Concentration (MAC), explained by excessive use of agricultural synthetic fertilizer and telluric nitrogen. It was registered a number of 38 cases of methemoglobinemia in small children with artificial nutrition, all cases from hill area. The maximum methemoglobin level was 60% and the minimum value of nitrate concentration in the water samples was 396 mg NO3-/L. CONCLUSIONS: We established a direct correlation between the level of methemoglobin and the nitrate concentrations in water samples. It is recommended the use well waters with maximum 48 mg/L nitrates content.

Researches of the nitrite/nitrate presence and other chemical compounds in some water sources from rural area of Neamt county.

UNLABELLED: Water is one of the main dietary components and his quality may be influenced the health status of the population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We investigated the water quality (by ten chemical parameters) delivered to the rural population (Neamt district), from the public water supply systems (n=10) with ground water sources and 60 well waters in same area. For determinations of the investigated chemical compounds, spectrophotometric, complexonometric and volumetric methods were performed. Statistical analysis was applied to analyze of data. RESULTS: The regression analysis between nitrate-organic matters, nitrite-chlorides, nitrate-total hardness shows strong negative and positive relationships as r = 0.7631, r = 0.7252, r = -0.777, and very low correlations between other chemical parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The results revealed that chemical parameters ranged between the admissible limits for drinking water.

[Chemical composition of one source of sodium chloride mineral water from Neamt county]. / Compozitia chimica a unei surse de apa minerala cloro-sodica din judetul Neamt.

This paper describes the analytical study of a sodium chloride mineral water from Baltatesti Spa--Neamt county. From the obtained analytical data it was observed that the dominant ions are those of Cl- (48.11 mEq%) and Na+ (43.07 mEq%), respectively. Also, the water contains a significant proportion of Mg2+ ions (6.12 mEq%) compared with the one of Ca2+ ions (0.339 mEq%). It can be remarked that the analysed source consists of a very concentrated, hypertonic water with a high content in chlorine, sodium and magnesium. This kind of mineral water is recommended in external treatments.

[Comparative study of several sulfurated mineral water sources from Iasi County]. / Studiul comparativ al unor surse de ape minerale sulfuroase din Judetul Iasi.

The comparative study aimed the actualization of the analytical panel of some mineral water sources, sulfurated, iso- and hypertonic (existing in Nicolina area, Iasi county), that is the constant physico-chemical composition, in order to signal the alteration of water's quality. From the performed analysis, along the time and the presented ones, it can be observed than the sources maintain intact, along many decades, the chemical composition and their physical characteristics, and also their therapeutical action, due to the fact they are localised deep underground.

[Skin toxicity of sodium lauryl sulfate as evidenced in an animal model]. / Toxicitatea cutanata, a lauril sulfatului de sodiu evidentiata pe model animal.

This study presents the toxic effects of a very known and used compound in pharmaceutical products and from cosmetic market, a detergent (surface-active) anionic. The presented data underlined the effects of an ointment base with sodium lauryl sulfate, with various concentrations of this detergent, respectively: 0.5%, 1% and 3%, in a long term utilization of this, on an animal model with Sprague Dawley rats.

[Synthesis of new mandelic acid derivatives with preservative action. Synthesis and acute toxicity study]. / Sinteza unor noi derivati ai acidului mandelic cu actiune conservanta. Sinteza si studiul toxicitatii acute.

Starting from the antiseptic action of DL mandelic acid, there were synthesized a series of esters of the mandelic acid, esters which could have preservative action. This study present the synthesis, structure validation and the acute toxicity study, for the new synthesized compounds. The esters were obtained by acylating 4-hydroxybenzoic acid propyl, ethyl, methyl esters and salicylic acid with the DL mandelic chloride (that was protected initially by the hydroxylic group). The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by quantitative elemental analysis and RMN 1H spectral measurements. The acute toxicity was determined for two of the esters, who proved to had a preservative action (previously studied) and indicated that these esters have a small toxicity.

[VIS spectrophotometry used for quantitative determination of iodide in food products of animal origin]. / Spectrofotometria în domeniul vis utilizata la determinarea cantitativa a iodurii din produse alimentare de origine animala.

The spectrophotometric method used in dozing the iodides in the water, has been studied in order to use it in determining the iodides in a series of food products. This method is based on the catalyzed reduction of the iodide of Ce4+ by the arsenious acid. In order to determine the iodide in several food products of animal origin (eggs, milk and meat), the sample is first treated with a concentrated KOH solution and is maintained on a water bath until is obtained a residue; this is then subjected to calcination at temperatures of 500-600 degrees C until a perfectly white ash is obtained. After cooling, the ash is dissolved in water, concentrated H2SO4 is added and is completed with water up to a certain volume. The thus obtained solution is used for determination of the iodide in food, according to the method described above. The content of iodide (microgram%) have been calculated with the relation deduced from the equation of the regression line delineated in VIS at 459 nm. The method is selective and the procedure is widely applicable to the determination of iodide in different food products of animal origin.

[Analytical data on the aquifer strata in the city of Iasi]. / Date analitice ale unor panze acvifere din municipiul Iasi.

In this paper are presented the results of the analytical study of some sources of water from Botanic Garden, Iasi, Romania. This sources contained a distinguished water, hypo and hypertonic, which can be used as curative magnesiene water.

[The presence of nitrates and nitrites in the environment in different geographical areas of Moldova correlated with morbidity from methemoglobinemia]. / Cercetarea prezentei nitratilor si nitritilor din mediul ambiant din zone geografice diferite din Moldova în corelatie cu morbiditatea prin methemoglobinemie.

It was studies the content of nitrates and nitrites in water sources and vegetables from different geographical regions, resulting high values of nitrates in colinae and plain regions, and low values in mountain and submountain region. The high value of nitrates are related with methaemoglobinaemia. The nitrites from edible water studied and from vegetables presented very low values in the order of ppm.

[Electrocardiogram changes in purulent pericarditis. Report on 21 cases]. / Elektrokardiogramm-Veränderungen bei purulenter Perikarditis. Bericht über einundzwanzig Fälle

The electrocardiograms of 18 out of 21 patients hospitalized between 1964 and 1972 with purulent pericarditis presented significant changes. With the exception of three cases of primary isolated pericarditis, most of the patients presented with septicemia. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen in 16 cases. Classical electrocardiographic evolution in four phases was recorded in six cases. Draining of the pericardial effusion in the patients without pleurisy was followed by low-voltage amelioration in half of the cases. The duration of the electrocardiographic changes was shorter in patients who underwent intrapericardial treatment. One quarter of the patients suffering from myopericarditis with conduction disturbances--Block AV 1, 2 and Wenckebach's periods--had a worse prognosis.

Protection of drinking water sources against modern pollutants.

One of the main tasks of hygiene necessitating urgent solution is the regulation, within the framework of governmental planning, of sanitary protection against modern pollutants of sources and water works supplying the human collectivities. Pollution by pesticides, surfactants, aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, oil waste products, phenolics, radioactive isotopes etc., is requiring particular concern. Cases of penetration of these chemical substances, especially of pesticides, oil residues and other kinds of industrial waste into ground waters have been recently observed with increasing frequency. Pollution of underground waters occurred either through the storage on the surface ground or into soil of waste products containing these substances or through their discharge into the water stream. The presence of these substances in most water supply systems the lowered effectivity of water-works in the removal of these substances, continual increase in the number of industries producing these pollutants, their participation in the origin or increased incidence of some chronic diseases characterizing the development of modern society make necessary scientific substantiation and urgent solution of the problem.