Harnessing Efficient ROS Generation in Carbon Dots Derived from Methyl Red for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy.

The emergence of drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms has become a public health concern, with demand for strategies to suppress their proliferation in healthcare facilities. The present study investigates the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of carbon dots (CD-MR) derived from the methyl red azo dye. The morphological and structural analyses reveal that such carbon dots present a significant fraction of graphitic nitrogen in their structures, providing a wide emission range. Based on their low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells and tunable photoluminescence, these carbon dots are applied to bioimaging in vitro living cells. The possibility of using CD-MR to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) is also analyzed, and a high singlet oxygen quantum efficiency is verified. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of CD-MR is analyzed against pathogenic microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Kirby-Bauer susceptibility tests show that carbon dots synthesized from methyl red possess antimicrobial activity upon photoexcitation at 532 nm. The growth inhibition of C. neoformans from CD-MR photosensitization is investigated. Our results show that N-doped carbon dots synthesized from methyl red efficiently generate ROS and possess a strong antimicrobial activity against healthcare-relevant pathogens.

Tremella ananatis sp. nov. and Tremella lamprococci sp. nov., two yeast species associated with bromeliads.

Eight yeast isolates with an affinity to the genus Tremella were obtained from bromeliads from different locations in Brazil. Although the formation of basidia and basidiocarp were not observed, on the basis of the results of sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, we suggest that these isolates represent two novel species of the genus Tremella. These yeasts are phylogenetically related to Tremella saccharicola and Tremella globispora. Therefore, we propose Tremella ananatis sp. nov. and Tremella lamprococci sp. nov. as novel yeast species of the order Tremellales (Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota). Sequence analysis revealed that Tremella ananatis sp. nov. differs by 11 and 28 nucleotide substitutions from Tremella saccharicola in the D1/D2 sequence and ITS region, respectively. Moreover, Tremella lamprococci sp. nov. differs by 15 and 29 nucleotide substitutions from Tremella globispora in the D1/D2 sequence and ITS region, respectively. The holotypes of Tremella ananatis sp. nov. and Tremella lamprococci sp. nov. are CBS 14568T and CBS 14567T, and the MycoBank numbers are MB840480 and MB840481, respectively.

Unraveling the Genome of a High Yielding Colombian Sugarcane Hybrid.

Recent developments in High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) technologies and bioinformatics, including improved read lengths and genome assemblers allow the reconstruction of complex genomes with unprecedented quality and contiguity. Sugarcane has one of the most complicated genomes among grassess with a haploid length of 1Gbp and a ploidies between 8 and 12. In this work, we present a genome assembly of the Colombian sugarcane hybrid CC 01-1940. Three types of sequencing technologies were combined for this assembly: PacBio long reads, Illumina paired short reads, and Hi-C reads. We achieved a median contig length of 34.94 Mbp and a total genome assembly of 903.2 Mbp. We annotated a total of 63,724 protein coding genes and performed a reconstruction and comparative analysis of the sucrose metabolism pathway. Nucleotide evolution measurements between orthologs with close species suggest that divergence between Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum spontaneum occurred <2 million years ago. Synteny analysis between CC 01-1940 and the S. spontaneum genome confirms the presence of translocation events between the species and a random contribution throughout the entire genome in current sugarcane hybrids. Analysis of RNA-Seq data from leaf and root tissue of contrasting sugarcane genotypes subjected to water stress treatments revealed 17,490 differentially expressed genes, from which 3,633 correspond to genes expressed exclusively in tolerant genotypes. We expect the resources presented here to serve as a source of information to improve the selection processes of new varieties of the breeding programs of sugarcane.

Modern Approaches for Transcriptome Analyses in Plants.

The collection of all transcripts in a cell, a tissue, or an organism is called the transcriptome, or meta-transcriptome when dealing with the transcripts of a community of different organisms. Nowadays, we have a vast array of technologies that allow us to assess the (meta-)transcriptome regarding its composition (which transcripts are produced) and the abundance of its components (what are the expression levels of each transcript), and we can do this across several samples, conditions, and time-points, at costs that are decreasing year after year, allowing experimental designs with ever-increasing complexity. Here we will present the current state of the art regarding the technologies that can be applied to the study of plant transcriptomes and their applications, including differential gene expression and coexpression analyses, identification of sequence polymorphisms, the application of machine learning for the identification of alternative splicing and ncRNAs, and the ranking of candidate genes for downstream studies. We continue with a collection of examples of these approaches in a diverse array of plant species to generate gene/transcript catalogs/atlases, population mapping, identification of genes related to stress phenotypes, and phylogenomics. We finalize the chapter with some of our ideas about the future of this dynamic field in plant physiology.

Vishniacozyma alagoana sp. nov. a tremellomycetes yeast associated with plants from dry and rainfall tropical forests.

Plants are important reservoirs of described and undescribed species of yeast. During a study of yeasts associated with bromeliads from the Northeast region of Brazil (collected in 2013-2017), analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region identified eleven strains of yeasts as representing an unknown species of the genus Vishniacozyma. The species may have a diverse habitat in Brazil as a strain was collected from a flowering plant (Acanthaceae) in 1994. As a consequence, we propose Vishniacozyma alagoana sp. nov. as a member of the tremellomycetes yeasts (Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota). Vishniacozyma alagoana sp. nov. was found in Atlantic Forest (a tropical rainforest) and the Caatinga (a seasonally dry tropical forest) associated with bromeliads in northeast and southeastern Brazil. The proposed novel species is related to Vishniacozyma taibaiensis and distinguished by eight nucleotide substitutions in the D1/D2 domain and seventeen in the ITS region. In addition, Vishniacozyma alagoana sp. nov. differs from V. taibaiensis by the ability to assimilate ribitol. The holotype is CBS 15966T.

Carlosrosaea hohenbergiae sp. nov. and Carlosrosaea aechmeae sp. nov., two tremellaceous yeasts isolated from bromeliads in north-eastern Brazil.

Yeast surveys associated with different bromeliads in north-eastern Brazil led to the proposal of two novel yeast species, Carlosrosaea hohenbergiae sp. nov. and Carlosrosaea aechmeae sp. nov., belonging to the Tremellales clade (Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota). Analysis of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene suggested an affinity with a phylogenetic lineage that includes recently reclassified Carlosrosaeavrieseae. Six isolates of the novel species were obtained from different bromeliad species collected in three Atlantic Forest fragments in Alagoas state, Brazil. Ca. hohenbergiae sp. nov. differs by 69 and 12 nucleotide substitutions in the ITS and D1/D2 domain, respectively, from Ca. vrieseae. The type strain is UFMG-CM-Y405T (=BSB 34T=CBS 14563T), Mycobank 819227. Ca. aechmeae sp. nov. is represented by one strain isolated from Aechmea constantinii leaves. Ca. aechmeae sp. nov. differs from the related species Ca. hohenbergiae and Ca. vrieseae by 36 and 65 nucleotide substitutions, respectively, in the ITS region and by 12 and 15 nucleotide substitutions in the D1/D2 domain, respectively. The type strain of Ca. aechmeae sp. nov. is UFMG-CM-Y6095T (=BM 94T=CBS 14578), Mycobank 819228.

Atypical Presentation of Temporal Dermoid Cyst: Case Report / Apresentação atípica de cisto dermoide temporal: caso clínico

Dermoid account for 0.04­0.06% of intracranial tumors. The rupture of these slowgrowing lesions are a rare event, generally taking place spontaneously. Their presentation are clinically variable according to cyst topography and integrity. Surgery remains the first-line therapy and gross total resection should be attempted if feasible. We report on a case of a 22-year-old male with a 2-year history of seizures and cognitive impairment and a temporal mesial dermoid cyst successfully treated with gross total resection microsurgery.

Os Cistos dermoides compreendem 0,04­0,06% dos tumores intracranianos. É uma lesão de crescimento lento, e sua ruptura é um evento raro e espontâneo. A variabilidade clínica vai de acordo com a topografia do cisto e sua integridade. A cirurgia continua a ser a terapia de primeira linha, e a ressecção total é a opção sempre que for possível. Os autores relatam um caso de paciente com 22 anos de idade com histórico de 2 anos de convulsões e comprometimento cognitivo e diagnosticado com um cisto dermoide mesial temporal, tratado com sucesso com ressecção microcirúrgica.

Instrumentos rotatorios: su uso, separación y efecto en complicaciones endodónticas postoperatorias / Rotary instrumentation: usage, separation and effect on postoperative endodontic complications

El uso de instrumentos de níquel-titanio en el campo de la endodoncia ha permitido que el tratamiento de conductos se lleve a cabo de manera más predecible y eficiente. Sin embargo, a pesar de las mejoras que se han hecho en el diseño de las limas y en las aleaciones del metal, la fractura de los instrumentos rotatorios continúa siendo una complicación no deseada, problemática y frustrante. La separación de los instrumentos rotatorios se debe frecuentemente al uso incorrecto o excesivo de los mismos. Si la fractura ocurre, el paciente debe ser informado del incidente y se debe considerar el remover o no el fragmento del instrumento. El presente reporte describe un caso de seguimiento a cinco años en un molar mandibular con dos instrumentos endodónticos rotatorios separados en los conductos mesiovestibular y mesiolingual, que no afectaron de forma adversa el resultado del tratamiento.

Introduction of nickel-titanium instruments in the field of endodontics has made conventional root canal therapy more predictable and efficient. However, despite improvements in file designs and metal alloys, fracture of rotary instruments during endodontic treatment still represents a problematic, unwanted and frustrating complication. File separation often results from incorrect use or overuse of an endodontic instrument. If breakage occurs, patients should be informed about the incident and consideration should be given to whether or not to remove the fragment. This report describes a five year follow-up case of a mandibular molar with two separated endodontic rotary instruments lodged into the mesio-buccal and mesio-lingual canals which did not negatively affect the outcome of root canal treatment.

Gliomas de ínsula: considerações clínico-radiológicas, decisão anestésica e aspectos cirúrgicos / Insular gliomas: clinic-radiological considerations, anesthetic decision and surgical aspects

A ínsula representa uma estrutura cortical de anatomia complexa, permanecendo recoberta pelos opérculos e superficialmente delimitada pela fissura silviana. Apesar de inicialmente serem consideradas não ressecáveis, as patologias insulares têm, na atualidade, posição de destaque, representando desafio ao neurocirurgião experiente. Preservação funcional e ressecção macroscópica total são os objetivos do tratamento, podendo ser atingidas em até 93% dos tumores de ínsula. Sistemas de navegação, bem como eletrofisiologia transoperatória e anestesia especializada, representam importantes ferramentas cirúrgicas. A escolha adequada dos métodos de auxílio é decisão difícil, sendo, em alguns aspectos, metodologias excludentes. Realizamos revisão de literatura voltada à discussão dos fundamentos da neurocirurgia de ínsula...

The insula represents a complex anatomic cortical structure being recovered by the operculum and superficially delimited by the sylvian fissure. Despite its initially non-ressecable consideration, insular pathologies actually have a standard position and represent a challenge to the experienced neurosurgeon. Functional preservation and gross total resection are the treatment goals and can be achieved in 93% of insular tumors. Navigation system as well as trans operative electrophysiology and specialized anesthesia represents important surgical tools. Acquired choice of auxiliary methods it?s a difficult decision becoming at certain aspects excluding methodologies. We reviewed the literature focused at the insular neurosurgical fundaments...

Tratamiento quirúrgico de adenomas adrenales / Surgical treatment of adrenal adenoma

Presentamos nuestra casuística de 60 adrenalectomías por adenoma, desde febrero de 1993 hasta enero de 2010, determinando los aspectos clínicos y patológicos más importantes desde el punto de vista quirúrgico, comparando la técnica laparoscópica respecto a la cirugía abierta. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional valorando características clínicas y hormonales, destacando las variables relacionadas con la cirugía (tamaño y localización del tumor, tipo y duración de la cirugía, tipo de incisión), incidencias intra operatorias, pérdidas hemáticas, datos anatomo patológicos (peso, tamaño y confirmación microscópica), complicaciones pos operatorias. Resultados: De los 60 pacientes, 24 eran hombres y 36 mujeres, con una edad media de 52,5 años (79,3 - 8,1). Todos ellos fueron diagnosticados anatomo patológicamente de adenoma adrenal siendo 50 adenomas funcionantes frente a 10 no funcionantes. De los adenomas funcionantes se establecieron los siguientes diagnósticos: 34 de síndrome de Con (56,6 por ciento), 15 casos de síndrome de Cushing (25 por ciento) y 1 síndrome adrenogenital (1,6 por ciento). La localización predominante fue la izquierda con 38 casos (63,3 por ciento) frente a la derecha con 22 casos (36,6 por ciento).En 39 pacientes se realizó adrenalectomía laparoscópica transperitoneal, mientras que en los 21 pacientes restantes se realizó cirugía abierta. La duración quirúrgica media fue de 147 minutos (230-50). El tamaño medio de la pieza quirúrgica fue de 3,27 cm (8-0,7). La estancia media hospitalaria fue de 6,4 días (20-2). Entre las complicaciones destacaron dos neumotórax, una angina de pecho, una neumonía nosocomial y dos pacientes que precisaron reintervención a las 24 horas de la cirugía por hemorragia y shock hipovolémico. Conclusiones: Debe considerarse la adrenalectomía laparoscópica unilateral como el tratamiento de elección del adenoma adrenal...

We present our series of sixty adrenalectomy for adrenal adenoma, from February 1993until January 2010, determining the most important clinical and pathological aspects from a surgical point of view. We compare the laparoscopic approach with open surgery. Material and methods: Retrospective observational study evaluating clinical and hormonal characteristics. We highlight the surgery-related variables (tumor size and location, type and duration of surgery, type of incision), intraoperative events, blood loss, histological findings (weight, size and microscopic confirmation) and postoperative complications. Results: Total number of 60 patients, 24 were men and 36 women with a mean age of 52.5 years (79.3to 8.1). All of them were histologically diagnosed of adrenal adenoma. 50 were functioning adenomas (10 non-functioning) with the final following diagnoses: 34 Conn’s syndrome (56,6 percent), 15 Cushing’s syndrome (25percent) and 1 adrenogenital syndrome (1,6 percent). The primary side was left with 38 cases(63,3 percent) compared to the right side with 22 cases (36,6 percent).Thirty-nine patients (65 percent) underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy, while the remaining 21 patients had open surgery. The average operating time was 147 minutes (230-50). The mean sizeof the specimen was 3.27 cm (8-0.7). The average hospital stay was 6.4 days (20 - 2). The most important complications were: two pneumothorax, one angina pectoris, a nosocomial pneumonia and two patients who were reoperated 24 hours after surgery due to hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock. Conclusion: Unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy should be considered as the treatment of choice for adrenal adenoma, as it is a safe surgical technique with a low complication rate. It allows a shorter hospital stay and a more rapid incorporation into everyday life...

Airway anomalies in children with Down syndrome: endoscopic findings.

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal anomaly in humans. Numerous congenital malformations associated with DS have been described. However, there are insufficient data available about airway anomalies. Our objective was to characterize the clinical presentation, frequency, and type of airway anomalies in a population of patients with DS. A retrospective evaluation of flexible bronchoscopies performed in 24 DS patients due to significant respiratory morbidity was compared to the findings in 324 non-DS patients during the same time period. The procedure was carried out under sedation, using an Olympus BF3C20 bronchoscope. The main indications for the procedure were atelectasis of the right upper lobe (12/24) and stridor (7/24). The most common associated conditions were congenital heart disease (12/24) and reactive airways disease (12/24). The most important endoscopic findings were: laryngomalacia (12/24), tracheomalacia (8/24), tracheal bronchus (5/24), and bronchomalacia (5/24). Only six patients had a normal examination. Multiple airway anomalies (>/=2) were a common finding in this series. We conclude that patients with DS and respiratory symptoms have a high incidence of airway anomalies compared to non-DS patients. The clinician should have a high index of suspicion for airway anomalies in DS patients with respiratory symptoms.

Clinical characteristics of children with tracheobronchial anomalies.

Tracheobronchial anomalies (TBA) originate between the third and sixteenth week of gestation, and they primarily affect the main bronchi. The reported incidence varies between 1-3% of pediatric endoscopic studies. The objective of our review was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with TBA diagnosed by flexible bronchoscopy (FB). During the period from March 1993-May 2001, we performed 580 FB at the Pediatric Services of the Catholic University Hospital. During this study period, 52 patients (9.65%) had a TBA (32 males, or 61.5%), with a mean age of 21.2 months (range, 7 days to 6 years). In 39 cases (75%), the diagnosis was made under age 2 years. Thirty-six patients with symptoms related to TBA were symptomatic (70%), and in 16 cases (30%) the TBA was an accidental finding during FB. The main clinical manifestations were recurrent atelectasis of the right upper lobe (RUL), recurrent pneumonia, or congenital stridor. Most of the TBA were localized at the RUL bronchus (47%) and were characterized by an anomaly at its origin, either agenesis or a supernumerary bronchus. Also, we found patients with tracheal bronchus and congenital tracheal stenosis. In 6 patients (12%), we had more than one TBA, the most frequent being the association between RUL and RML anomalies. In 12 cases we found another congenital airway anomaly, mainly laryngomalacia. Patients had associated diseases, such as genetic disorders in 16 cases (particularly Down syndrome), and congenital cardiopathies. In summary, in our clinical experience, TBA are more frequent than previously reported. The majority of young patients have symptoms or signs, and most are localized to the RUL. We found patients with more than one TBA, laryngomalacia associated with TBA, and at a high frequency related to Down syndrome.

[10-year experience in flexible bronchoscopy in pediatric patients]. / Experiencia en 10 años de aplicación de fibrobroncoscopia en pacientes pediátricos.

BACKGROUND: Approximately a decade ago, pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy (FB) was introduced in Chile, after being used for several years in adults. AIM: To describe our clinical experience in FB in a ten years period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Records of procedures done between January 1993 and September 2002 at the Pediatric Service of the Catholic University Hospital, were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated the clinical indications for the procedures in relation to patient's age and the correlation between indications and FB findings. RESULTS: A total of 700 procedures were performed during the period, 59% in men and 53% in patients younger than 1 year. Seventy seven percent of procedures were done in an examination room, using a nasal approach. The main indication was visualization of the airway (49%). The most common clinical diagnosis, in descending order were: atelectasis, stridor and etiologic study of pneumonia by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). In children younger than 6 months the most common clinical diagnosis was stridor, followed by atelectasis. The main diagnosis in the whole sample, reached by FB was atelectasis secondary to mucous plug. In children younger than 6 months, the main diagnosis was laryngomalacia. A positive microbial culture was obtained in 43% of patients in whom BAL was done. Complications were uncommon (5%) and mostly mild. In 2.3% of cases, these were severe, such as bronchospasm and need for mechanical ventilation. Severe complications were observed in patients younger than 3 months with severe stridor or in children with cancer, who required FB and BAL. CONCLUSIONS: Flexible bronchoscopy is a safe and useful procedure in pediatric patients.

[Acoustic analysis of wheezing in infants with acute bronchial obstruction. A follow-up study ]. / Análisis acústico de las sibilancias en lactantes con obstrucción bronquial aguda. Estudio de seguimiento.

BACKGROUND: There is some information about wheeze characteristics in infants, however it is not clear whether the different wheeze patterns relates to prognosis and evolution during the first two years of life. OBJECTIVES: To characterize wheezing and spectral pattern of lung sounds in infants with acute bronchiolitis (AB) and in infants with recurrent wheeze (RW) as well as to compare these parameters with the clinical evolution 2 years after admission. METHODS: Seventy six AB infants (48 boys), aged 5.5 +/- 0.7 months (mean +/- SD), 62 RSV (+) and 32 RW infants (20 boys), aged 11.4 +/- 2 months were studied during the first week of admission at the hospital. Patients were studied during spontaneous sleep, breathing with a face mask connected to a pneumotachograph at flows of 0.1 +/- 0.02 L/s. Sounds were registered at baseline and 20 minutes after salbutamol using 2 contact sensors placed at both lower lobes levels. Signals were low-pass filtered, amplified and a Fourier analysis was applied to sounds within a target flow range. Spectral analysis was done between 100 and 1000 HZ. RESULTS: In 40/76 (53%) AB vs 30/34 (88%) RW sinusoidal wheezing (p < 0.01; chi 2) were observed and a positive bronchodilator response was obtained in 37/76 (49%) AB vs 32/34 (94%) RW (p < 0.01; chi 2). Patients with sinusoidal wheezing (s-w) had more wheezing episodes in follow-up, 26/40 vs 8/36 in complex wheezing (c-w), (p < 0.01: chi 2) and 30/34 in RW (p < 0.01; chi 2). IgE values at 18 months were higher in s-w compared to c-w (63 +/- 7 vs 24 +/- 5 Iu/mL (p < 0.01) and 96 +/- 11 Iu/mL in RW (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: a) Wheezing characteristics in acute bronchiolitis vs recurrent wheezing are different; b) Bronchodilator response relates to wheeze characteristics and c) Higher IgE and more recurrent wheezing episodes are seen in acute bronchiolitis with sinusoidal wheezing. These findings suggest that lung sounds analysis is useful in assessing wheezy patients and have a value to identify infants on risk of developing asthma.

[Correlation between phenotype and genotype in a group of patients with cystic fibrosis]. / Correlación genotipo-fenotipo de un grupo de pacientes con fibrosis quística.

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal autosomic disease in Caucasians, with a global incidence of 1:3000 newborns. More than 900 mutations have been described, involving the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR). The delta F508 mutation is present in 60% of alleles studied worldwide. AIM: To report 25 patients with cystic fibrosis in whom a genetic study was done. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty five patients (14 men, aged between 18 months and 25 years) with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis based on clinical features plus two abnormal sweat tests are reported. The genetic study considered the 20 most common mutations in cystic fibrosis and was done in genomic DNA of peripheral lymphocytes, by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: A mutation was found in 75% of analyzed alleles. delta F508 was present in 50% of cases (delta F508/delta F508 in 8 and delta F508/other in 11). When delta F508 was present, pancreatic insufficiency was always a feature and nutritional status was worse. Respiratory involvement was variable, both for homozygous and heterozygous cases. Other severe mutations such as W128X and G542X were related to clinical manifestations similar to those found in delta F508 mutation. Diagnosis was made before six months of age in 12 patients. The clinical presentation was meconium ileus and there was a family history of the disease in most cases. The majority of cases of early diagnosis presented severe mutations, but milder respiratory symptoms and lesser nutritional compromise at the time of assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients studied had a severe cystic fibrosis mutation, which was associated with more severe respiratory, pancreatic and nutritional involvement. The early diagnosis of the disease, which would allow to improve the prognosis and the quality of life, must be emphasized.

Meningeoma cístico. Análise de 5 casos e revisäo da literatura / Intracranial cystic menigeoma. Report of 5 cases and literature review

Os autores relatam 5 casos de meningeoma cístico operados. Discutem os aspectos fisiopatológicos da formaçäo do cisto tumoral e sua classificaçäo com base na literatura revista. A histopatologia é avaliada, bem como a imunohistoquímica referente à proliferaçäo celular através da técnica do MIB1. Aspectos referentes à técnica operatória e conduta terapêutica säo analisados. Com este relato, as publicaçöes na literatura brasileira totalizam 14 meningeomas císticos.

Osteocondroma da foice: relato de caso e revisäo da literatura / Falx osteochondroma: case report and review of the literature

Descrevemos o caso de um paciente com osteocondroma intracraniano originado da foice cerebral. O tumor foi parcialmente ressecado. Discutimos os condromas da foice, em particular quanto a seus aspectos cirúrgicos e etiopatogênicos, comparados com a literatura e ressaltando o valor diagnóstico da tomografia computadorizada e da ressonância magnética.

Determinación automatizada de la desviación del segmento ST mediante la transformada rápida de fourier y su posible uso clínico / Automatic analysis of ST segment by fast fourier transform and clinical applications

Para el análisis automático del segmento ST mediante un computador personal, se utilizó el ECG en la derivación precordial V5. Se realizaron 512 muestras tomadas a 3 ms. Si la frecuencia cardíaca era diferente a 72 p.m., se procedió a su normalización. e obtuvo la Transformada Rápida de Fourier de 512 puntos y se tomaron las primeras 49 armónicass, con la señal patrón (72 p.m.), a través de lógica de árbol se sugiere un diagnóstico

Remoçäo por método estereotáxico de catéter ventricular perdido / Stereotaxic removal of a missing ventricular catheter

Relata-se a retirada de "catéter ventricular perdido" empregando técnica estereotáxica, em 2 doentes que apresentavam meningite resistente ao tratamento clínico. Conclui-se o método estereotáxico é uma alternativa simples e eficaz para a remoçäo de corpos estranhos profundamente situados no sistema nervoso central

Topodiagnóstico na paralisia facial periférica / Topadiagnosis in peripheral facial paralysis

A importância do topodiagnóstico na paralísia facial pereférica é a localizaçäo anatômica precisa da lesäo neural. Consiste ele da realizaçäo de testes clínicos para avaliar as funçöes de cada um dos ramos do nervo. O Grupo de Paralísia Facial do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Säo Paulo, com estastística de 873 pacientes, demonstra que praticamente 50% dos casos, das mais diversas etiologias, apresentam lesäo suprageniculada. A importâncias desse dado é a indicaçäo da via de acesso, quando necessária a exploraçäo cirúrgica do nervo facial