Asunto(s)
Atención Dental para Enfermos Crónicos/métodos , Infecciones por VIH , Manejo de Atención al Paciente , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/complicaciones , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/tratamiento farmacológico , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Investigación sobre Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Enfermedades de la Boca/complicaciones , Enfermedades de la Boca/tratamiento farmacológico , Factores de Riesgo , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Caries Dental/diagnóstico , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia , Antiinfecciosos Locales/administración & dosificación , Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico , Clorhexidina/administración & dosificación , Conductividad Eléctrica , Electrodiagnóstico , Fluoruros Tópicos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Radiografía Dental Digital , TransiluminaciónRESUMEN
The ARKdb genome databases provide comprehensive public repositories for genome mapping data from farmed species and other animals (http://www.thearkdb.org) providing a resource similar in function to that offered by GDB or MGD for human or mouse genome mapping data, respectively. Because we have attempted to build a generic mapping database, the system has wide utility, particularly for those species for which development of a specific resource would be prohibitive. The ARKdb genome database model has been implemented for 10 species to date. These are pig, chicken, sheep, cattle, horse, deer, tilapia, cat, turkey and salmon. Access to the ARKdb databases is effected via the World Wide Web using the ARKdb browser and Anubis map viewer. The information stored includes details of loci, maps, experimental methods and the source references. Links to other information sources such as PubMed and EMBL/GenBank are provided. Responsibility for data entry and curation is shared amongst scientists active in genome research in the species of interest. Mirror sites in the United States are maintained in addition to the central genome server at Roslin.
Asunto(s)
Animales Domésticos/genética , Bases de Datos Factuales , Animales , Mapeo Cromosómico , Biología Computacional , Genoma , Servicios de Información , InternetRESUMEN
A gastrointestinal examination can be frightening to patients. Abnormally elevated blood pressure and pulse caused by anxiety often are present on admission to the hospital. These elevated vital signs are then used as the baseline vital signs for the patient's hospital stay. The first purpose of this study was to determine whether vital signs are elevated because of anxiety on admission to the hospital and how much they decrease after sedation. The second purpose of this study was to explore the effect of instruction about relaxation and the use of music relaxation audio tapes in decreasing patient anxiety. Patients undergoing endoscopic examinations for the first time were randomly assigned into two groups. Patients in the treatment group were given brief instructions in relaxation and provided with an audio tape player and relaxation music. Statistical analysis using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) comparing differences between control and treatment groups over time showed that there was a significant main effect for diastolic blood pressure. Subjects in the treatment group had significantly lower blood pressures throughout the entire GI procedure. There was no significant difference between groups regarding the amount of medication used. Music combined with relaxation is an inexpensive nursing intervention for patients in relaxing during a GI examination.
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad/terapia , Colonoscopía/psicología , Musicoterapia , Educación del Paciente como Asunto , Terapia por Relajación , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Ansiedad/enfermería , Determinación de la Presión Sanguínea , Colonoscopía/enfermería , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Two emollients, ammonium lactate 12% lotion and a liposome-based moisturizing lotion, were compared in a double-blind test for efficacy in the treatment of plantar xerosis. A total of 43 out of 57 participants (75%) with bilateral plantar xerosis followed instructions completely and applied the lotions (one to each foot) twice daily for 4 weeks. Each participant was evaluated once a week for 6 weeks (the final 2 weeks for evaluation of post-treatment regression) to determine xerotic grade (degree of dryness) and treatment effectiveness. With both lotions, significant improvement began during the second week of treatment and continued into the fourth week. There were no significant differences between the two lotions in the 6-week patterns of either xerotic grade or treatment effectiveness.
Asunto(s)
Antipruriginosos/uso terapéutico , Emolientes/uso terapéutico , Dermatosis del Pie/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido Láctico , Propionatos/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Método Doble Ciego , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Since the first fixed-rate ventricular pacemaker was introduced in the late 1950s, pacing systems have evolved rapidly. Current developments focus on making devices more sophisticated and less complex--a challenging combination. Automaticity features such as beat-by-beat capture verification, sensitivity threshold adaptation, and algorithms to govern dynamically the maximum sensor rate have either recently been introduced or are likely to be introduced in the near future. Technologic advances are likely to allow meaningful improvements in current drain, battery performance, memory capacity, signal processing, telemetry, and programmer interface. Bradyarrhythmia therapy devices of the future promise to go beyond the pacemaker. Ultimately, pacing systems will become part of integrated cardiac rhythm management systems.
Asunto(s)
Bradicardia/terapia , Electrocardiografía/instrumentación , Microcomputadores , Marcapaso Artificial , Procesamiento de Señales Asistido por Computador/instrumentación , Diseño de Equipo , Predicción , Humanos , Programas Informáticos , Telemetría/instrumentación , Interfaz Usuario-ComputadorRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this experiment was to examine gender differences in physiological reactivity to infant cries and smiles in military families. METHOD: Twenty males and 29 females viewed and listened to videotapes of a crying infant and a smiling infant while heart rate, skin resistance, and respiration rate were monitored. All participants were active-duty U.S. Air Force personnel or their spouses. RESULTS: Males showed a larger increase in skin conductance than females during the crying infant stimulus. Males also showed an increase in heart rate during the crying infant stimulus, whereas females did not show any increase in heart rate during the crying infant stimulus. No gender differences in physiological reactivity were obtained during the smiling infant stimulus, although both males and females showed a significant increase in heart rate while viewing the smiling infant. CONCLUSIONS: The results are contrasted with previous reports (e.g., Frodi, Lamb, Leavitt, & Donovan, 1978) of no differences between genders in physiological reactivity to a crying infant. Discussion of the results focuses on models of child physical abuse that involve physiological hyperreactivity. It is hypothesized that the greater physiological reactivity of males than females during a crying infant videotape may partially explain why physical abuse of a child by a male frequently results in more serious damage to the child than physical abuse by a female.
Asunto(s)
Llanto , Expresión Facial , Lactante , Personal Militar/psicología , Adulto , Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Femenino , Respuesta Galvánica de la Piel , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Masculino , Caracteres SexualesAsunto(s)
Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Familia/psicología , Infanticidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Personal Militar/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Causas de Muerte , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Infanticidio/prevención & control , Infanticidio/psicología , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To discuss the critical components of a blood cell transplantation (BCT) program as they relate to the standards developed by The Foundation for Accreditation of Hematopoietic Cell Therapy (FAHCT). DATA SOURCES: FAHCT Standards, book chapters, and articles pertaining to developing a BCT program. CONCLUSIONS: BCT is a burgeoning therapy for oncologic and hematologic diseases. New regulations have emerged to promote quality medical and laboratory practice in blood and marrow transplantation. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: As BCT increases for oncologic and hematologic diseases, a growing number of oncology nurses will be caring for BCT recipients and their families. Nurses in administration, research, advance practice, and education are increasingly involved in implementing BCT as a standard therapy for a growing number of diseases.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/normas , Enfermería Oncológica , Grupo de Atención al Paciente/organización & administración , Atención Ambulatoria , Cuidadores , Humanos , Selección de PacienteRESUMEN
Uncertainty is a common experience for women living with breast cancer, particularly when treatment cannot assure disease cure. The study described in this article sought to provide insight into uncertainty experiences for women living with breast cancer. Hermeneutic phenomenology and photographic hermeneutics were used to describe and interpret uncertainty for nine women between 2 and 6 years posttreatment for breast cancer. Data were collected using interviews and interpretations of photographs. Five themes of uncertainty among women were uncovered. Major study findings included support for a reconceptualization of Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Theory and the explication of growth-producing aspects of uncertainty.
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Adaptación Psicológica , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Neoplasias de la Mama/psicología , Miedo , Control Interno-Externo , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias de la Mama/enfermería , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Investigación Metodológica en Enfermería , Fotograbar , Autoimagen , Rol del Enfermo , Apoyo Social , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Developmental activation of the Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) distal promoter is controlled by the Adh adult enhancer (AAE). Within this 150 bp, complex enhancer is a small (12 bp) positive cis-acting element that is required for high levels of distal transcription in adult flies and ADH-expressing tissue culture cells. We previously reported that the steroid receptor superfamily member FTZ-F1 binds to this site. We have identified a second steroid receptor superfamily member, DHR39, which also binds to this site. DHR39 is expressed throughout development in transcripts of several sizes. In situ hybridization to embryos has shown that DHR39 RNA is found primarily in the central nervous system, and not in embryonic tissues that express ADH. FTZ-F1 RNA, however, shows temporal-specific patterns similar to those of the distal promoter. FTZ-F1 and DHR39 have identical amino acids in the 'P-box' of the DNA binding domain, suggesting that they have identical DNA recognition characteristics. By electrophoretic mobility shift analysis we show that a DHR39 fusion protein binds specifically to two FTZ-F1 binding sites. By over expressing the full length DHR39 protein in a transient co-transfection assay we have shown that it represses distal Adh expression in a dosage- and binding site-dependent manner. Over expression of an alternative DHR39 open reading frame that lacks part of the putative ligand binding domain does not alter Adh expression. In contrast, over expression of FTZ-F1 specifically activates distal Adh expression.
Asunto(s)
Alcohol Deshidrogenasa/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Drosophila/genética , Receptores de Esteroides/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Unión Competitiva , Mapeo Cromosómico , Clonación Molecular , Drosophila/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteínas de Drosophila , Elementos de Facilitación Genéticos , Factores de Transcripción Fushi Tarazu , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas de Homeodominio , Proteínas de Insectos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares , Secuencias Reguladoras de Ácidos Nucleicos , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Factor Esteroidogénico 1 , Factores de Transcripción/fisiología , TransfecciónRESUMEN
A 69-year-old man with a total hip prosthesis, recurrent infection, and intrapelvic incarceration of the acetabular components required extraction of a long-stem total hip prosthesis through three incisions. Retroperitoneal intrapelvic extraction of the incarcerated prosthesis was necessary. This approach allowed removal of intrapelvically migrated components and the eradication of the infection. The patient had no signs of infection five years postoperatively.
Asunto(s)
Prótesis de Cadera/efectos adversos , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/cirugía , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/cirugía , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Accidentes de Tránsito , Anciano , Terapia Combinada , Fracturas de Cadera/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas de Cadera/cirugía , Articulación de la Cadera/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Falla de Prótesis , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía , Reoperación , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The use of photography is described as a method embedded within an ethnographic investigation of rural home care for older adults. Photography fostered data generation, elicited participants' stories, and illustrated patterns of rural aging. Analysis of photographic data pooled with interview and observational data facilitated an in-depth understanding of rural aging and home health care.
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Geriatría/métodos , Servicios de Atención de Salud a Domicilio , Fotograbar , Anciano , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos de Investigación , Población Rural , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
The value of the vascular examination cannot be over-estimated. Symptoms of vascular disease present in the foot and lower extremity may actually be manifestations of severe life-threatening disease. Symptoms, their location, and the frequency and quality of the patient's pain often provide valuable clues for the clinician's diagnosis. Central nervous system symptoms, ocular disturbances, cardiac symptoms, impotence, or constitutional disturbances may all indicate systemic arterial disease. Risk factors for this disease include smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, genetic predisposition, diabetes, emotional stress, and physical inactivity. Those factors attributable to hypercoagulability and venous disease are birth control pill use, estrogen chemotherapy, obesity, prolonged immobilization, paralysis, previous thrombotic episodes, venous stasis disease, and varicose veins. An accurate bilateral assessment of blood pressure, pulses, and capillary perfusion is of critical importance. Careful inspection of the extremity for trophic changes, skin color, texture, temperature, edema, ulceration, atrophy, or paresis, will provide clues of vasculopathy. A relatively accurate assessment of circulatory status may be obtained without the use of exotic instruments. Simple tests such as the elevation and dependency tests, capillary bed return test, venous filling time test, along with blood pressure, pulse, and possibly oscillometry data are valuable in arterial evaluation. Such venous tests as inspection, percussion, Homan's sign, Trendelenburg, and Perthes' tourniquet are useful in the determination of the presence of venous disease. Fortunately, over the past few years tremendous advances have been made in the technology of the vascular laboratory. If symptoms are discovered during the vascular history and physical examination, the complete noninvasive study will provide impressive data to quantitate and specifically establish the diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Pierna/irrigación sanguínea , Enfermedades Vasculares Periféricas/diagnóstico , Examen Físico , Humanos , Examen Físico/métodos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
As more women survive the experience of breast cancer, it is essential to discover the impact it has on a woman's life. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in perceived health, self-esteem, health habits, and perceived benefits and barriers to exercise in women who have and who have not experienced stage I breast cancer and its treatment. A random sample of 55 women who have experienced stage I breast cancer and have not received adjuvant therapy was selected and matched to a cohort of women in the community who had not experienced cancer. No significant differences were found in perceived health, self-esteem, and health habits between women who had experienced breast cancer and the matched cohorts. There was a significant difference in both perceived benefits and barriers to exercise between groups (t = 2.4, df = 106, p = 0.18), with the matched cohorts scoring higher on perceived benefits and barriers to exercise.
Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Salud , Mastectomía Radical Modificada/psicología , Autoimagen , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Investigación en Enfermería Clínica , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
This report documents another case of malignancy associated with total hip replacement. A malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the femur was diagnosed approximately 10 years after insertion of a cemented Müller cobalt-chromium prosthesis.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Femorales/etiología , Prótesis de Cadera/efectos adversos , Histiocitoma Fibroso Benigno/etiología , Anciano , Femenino , Neoplasias Femorales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Femorales/cirugía , Histiocitoma Fibroso Benigno/diagnóstico por imagen , Histiocitoma Fibroso Benigno/cirugía , Humanos , Osteólisis/etiología , Falla de Prótesis , RadiografíaRESUMEN
Psychiatric inpatients with dementia (N = 61) or depression (N = 67) in late life were 2.6 times more likely to manifest magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities of the brain than were elderly controls (N = 44). Controlling for the effects of age and gender, demented patients were distinguishable from controls by an increased prevalence of cortical atrophy and infarction, while depressed patients exhibited an increased prevalence of cortical infarctions and leukoencephalopathy. Patients with dementia were distinguishable from those with major depression by an increased prevalence of cortical atrophy. These results indicate that major depression in late life, like dementia, is associated with a remarkable increase in overt pathologic changes in the brain.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/patología , Demencia/diagnóstico , Depresión/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Demencia/diagnóstico por imagen , Depresión/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valores de Referencia , Análisis de Regresión , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Although your hospital will be surveyed only every two or three years, the results of that survey are vital not only to your hospital, but also to your department. And you need to become involved in the process from the presurvey questionnaire to the on-site visit. And you need to prepare for the next survey the day after the last one.