RESUMEN
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the improvement effect of white ginseng extract (GS-KG9) on D-galactosamine (Ga1N)-induced oxidative stress and liver injury. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. Rats were orally administrated with GS-KG9 (300, 500, or 700 mg/kg) or silymarin (25 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The rats of the GS-KG9- and silymarin-treated groups and a control group were then intraperitoneally injected Ga1N at a concentration of 650 mg/kg for 4 days. To investigate the protective effect of GS-KG9 against GalN-induced liver injury, blood liver function indicators, anti-oxidative stress indicators, and histopathological features were analyzed. RESULTS: Serum biochemical analysis indicated that GS-KG9 ameliorated the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in GalN-treated rats. The hepatoprotective effects of GS-KG9 involved enhancing components of the hepatic antioxidant defense system, including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). In addition, GS-KG9 treatment inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by GalN treatment in hepatocytes and significantly increased the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins, which are antioxidant proteins. In particular, by histological analyses bases on hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, α-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor-ß1 staining, we determined that the administration of 500 mg/kg GS-KG9 inhibited hepatic inflammation and fibrosis due to the excessive accumulation of collagen. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that GS-KG9 improves GalN-induced liver inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis by attenuating oxidative stress. Therefore, GS-KG9 may be considered a useful candidate in the development of a natural preventive agent against liver injury.
RESUMEN
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related disease characterized by prostatic enlargement and is the most common urologic symptoms in elderly men 60 years of age and older. Previously, we documented that 70% ethanol (EtOH) seed extract of Quisqualis indica (QI) attenuates pathological condition of testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH rat model via modulation of proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cells. Based on this potential of QI, we produced standardized seed extract of QI (HU-033) in order to prove further mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to suggest further mechanisms underlying the relationship between BPH and HU-033. Through not only cellular and nuclear receptor functional assays, but TP-mediated BPH rat model treated with HU-033, we demonstrated that HU-033 exerted antagonist effect on α1A- and α1D-adrenergic receptors in vitro and inhibitory effect on protein expression of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor alpha in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that HU-033 is a novel candidate for the management of BPH.
RESUMEN
Amyloid-beta oligomer (AßO) is a soluble oligomer form of the Aß peptide and the most potent amyloid-beta form that induces neuronal damage in Alzheimer's disease. We investigated the effect of dried white ginseng extract (WGE) on neuronal cell damage and memory impairment in intrahippocampal AßO (10 µM)-injected mice. Mice were treated with WGE (100 and 500 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 12 days after surgery. WGE improved memory impairment by inhibiting hippocampal cell death caused by AßO. In addition, AßO-injected mice treated with WGE showed restoration of reduced synaptophysin and choline acetyltransferase intensity and lower levels of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 in the hippocampus compared with those of vehicle-treated controls. These results suggest that WGE reverses memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease by attenuating neuronal damage and neuroinflammation in the AßO-injected mouse hippocampus. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asunto(s)
Péptidos beta-Amiloides/toxicidad , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Panax/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/patología , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/prevención & control , Animales , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/citología , Masculino , Trastornos de la Memoria/patología , Trastornos de la Memoria/prevención & control , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Two new phenolic compounds, 4-O-glucopyranosyl-5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid (1) and 2,3-digalloyl oregonin (2), were isolated along with eight known phenolic compounds (3-10) from an 80% acetone extract of Alnus sibirica leaves. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated using 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance and high resolution-MS. The anti-oxidative activities of these compounds were determined by assaying their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and nitroblue tetrazolium superoxide anion scavenging activity. All of the isolated phenolic compounds (1-10) exhibited potent anti-oxidative activities. In particular, 2 and 4, which are diarylheptanoids, and 10 which is ellagitannin exhibited excellent anti-oxidative activities with almost the same potency as that of the positive controls L-ascorbic acid and allopurinol.
Asunto(s)
Alnus/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Diarilheptanoides/química , Ácido Gálico/análogos & derivados , Glucósidos/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Ácido Shikímico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Diarilheptanoides/farmacología , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/química , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Ácido Gálico/química , Ácido Gálico/farmacología , Glucósidos/farmacología , Taninos Hidrolizables/farmacología , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Fenoles/química , Picratos/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ácido Shikímico/química , Ácido Shikímico/farmacología , Superóxidos/químicaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Quercus mongolica (QM) which induce anti-photoaging process of skin in vitro. Bioassay-guided isolation of 80 % Me2CO extract of the leaves of QM led to the isolation and identification of six known phenolic compounds: pedunculagin (1), (-)-epigallocatechin (2), (+)-catechin (3), quercetin 3-O-(6â³-O-galloyl)-ß-D-glucopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (5) and kaempferol 3-O-(6â³-galloyl)-ß-D-glucopyranoside (6). The effects of compounds 1-6 on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and type-I procollagen were further evaluated. Among them, compound 1 showed potent inhibitory effect on MMP-1 and the increased type-I procollagen synthesis in ultraviolet B-induced human fibroblast. These results suggest that pedunculagin, an ellagitannin, is a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of skin aging.
Asunto(s)
Colágeno Tipo I/biosíntesis , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/efectos de la radiación , Metaloproteinasa 1 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Inhibidores de la Metaloproteinasa de la Matriz/farmacología , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/farmacología , Quercus/química , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/enzimología , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/aislamiento & purificación , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Humanos , Inhibidores de la Metaloproteinasa de la Matriz/aislamiento & purificación , Estructura Molecular , Elastasa Pancreática/antagonistas & inhibidores , Elastasa Pancreática/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/química , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Rayos UltravioletaRESUMEN
The Stewartia koreana Nakai (SK) had been used in oriental traditional medicine as a remedy for acute gastroenteritis, liver diseases, quadriplegia and pain. The antioxidant activity guided isolation 80% methyl extract from stems of SK yielded eight phenolic compounds. We evaluated the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds via assays of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydazyl (DPPH) radicals and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results demonstrated that syringaresinol (6) exhibited significant DPPH radical-scavenging activity and inhibitory effects on NO production compared with its positive controls, ascorbic acid and L-NMMA, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Compuestos de Bifenilo/farmacología , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/aislamiento & purificación , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/farmacología , Picratos/farmacología , Theaceae/química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antioxidantes/química , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/química , Furanos/química , Furanos/aislamiento & purificación , Furanos/farmacología , Lignanos/química , Lignanos/aislamiento & purificación , Lignanos/farmacología , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Óxido Nítrico/biosíntesis , Oxidación-Reducción , Fenoles/química , Tallos de la Planta/química , omega-N-Metilarginina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Three sulfated phenolic compounds, juglanin B (11R)-O-sulfate (1), myricetin 3´-O-sulfate (2), and ampelopsin 3´-O-sulfate (3), were isolated from the leaves of Myrica rubra. Compound 1 was a new sulfated lignan, 2 was a new sulfated flavone, and 3 was a known sulfated flavone. The structures of the new compounds (1 and 2) were determined by acid hydrolysis and spectroscopic methods, including IR, FAB-MS, 1D and 2D NMR. The inhibitory activities of compounds 1-3 and their hydrolysates (1a-3a) against LPS-induced cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6) production in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated. The 2 new compounds (1 and 2) and their aglycones (1a and 2a) significantly reduced LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Flavonas/farmacología , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Lignanos/farmacología , Myrica/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ésteres del Ácido Sulfúrico/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Flavonas/química , Flavonas/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonas/uso terapéutico , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Lignanos/química , Lignanos/aislamiento & purificación , Lignanos/uso terapéutico , Lipopolisacáridos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Hojas de la Planta/química , Ésteres del Ácido Sulfúrico/química , Ésteres del Ácido Sulfúrico/aislamiento & purificación , Ésteres del Ácido Sulfúrico/uso terapéutico , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Activity guided isolation of a Spiraea prunifolia extract yielded five caffeoyl hemiterpene glycosides: 4'-(6-O-caffeoyl-ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-2'-methyl butyric acid, 1-O-caffeoyl-6-O-(4'-hydroxy-2'-methylene-butyroyl)-ß-D-glucopyranoside, 1,2-O-dicaffeoyl-6-O-(4'-hydroxy-2'-methylene-butyroyl)-ß-D-glucopyranoside, 1-O-caffeoyl-6-O-(4'-caffeoyl-2'-methylene-butyroyl)-ß-D-glucopyranoside, and 1-O-caffeoyl-6-O-(4'-caffeoyl-3'-hydroxy-2'-methylene-butyroyl)-ß-D-glucopyranoside, and nine known compounds. Structures were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and FAB-MS. To evaluate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of all fourteen compounds, DPPH radical scavenging, NBT superoxide scavenging, and inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were examined. Three of the caffeoyl hemiterpene glycosides exhibited potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities compared with Vitamin C and l-NMMA, which were used as positive controls.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ácidos Cafeicos/aislamiento & purificación , Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacología , Glicósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Glicósidos/farmacología , Hemiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Hemiterpenos/farmacología , Spiraea/química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antioxidantes/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/farmacología , Ácidos Cafeicos/química , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/química , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Glicósidos/química , Hemiterpenos/química , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Óxido Nítrico/biosíntesis , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Picratos/farmacología , EstereoisomerismoRESUMEN
Fifteen phenolic compounds, including three caffeoyl derivatives, four gallotannins, three ellagitannins and five flavonoids, were isolated from an 80% MeOH extract of the leaves of Corylopsis coreana Uyeki (Korean winter hazel; CL). The anti-oxidative activities [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and xanthine oxidase superoxide scavenging activities (NBT)] and the anti-proliferative activity on human prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and LNCaP) were also evaluated.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos , Antioxidantes , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Hamamelidaceae/química , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta/química , Neoplasias de la Próstata/tratamiento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patologíaRESUMEN
Three new orcinol (3-hydroxy-5-methylphenol)-conjugated hydrolysable tannins, together with two known compounds were isolated from the leaves of Cleyera japonica (CJ), and have been tentatively named cleyeratannin A (1), cleyeratannin B (2) and cleyeratannin C (3). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated using 1 dimensional (1D)/2D NMR and high resolution FAB-MS, and the absolute configuration was confirmed by circular dichroism (CD). To evaluate their anti-oxidative activities, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)/free radical scavenging activity and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)/superoxide anion scavenging activity were determined.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/química , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/química , Taninos Hidrolizables/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Resorcinoles/química , Theaceae/química , Nitroazul de Tetrazolio/química , Superóxidos/químicaRESUMEN
Chromatographic separation of the 80% MeOH extract of the leaves of Ilex rotunda (IR) led to isolation of two new hemiterpene glycosides, tentatively named as rotundarpenoside A (1) and rotundarpenoside B (2), along with five known caffeoyl derivatives (3-7). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated using 1D/2D NMR, HR-MS, and the absolute configuration was confirmed by Mosher's method. In order to evaluate their anti-oxidative activities, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and xanthine oxidase superoxide scavenging activities (NBT) were determined.
Asunto(s)
Depuradores de Radicales Libres/aislamiento & purificación , Glicósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Hemiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Ilex/química , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Glicósidos/farmacología , Hemiterpenos/farmacología , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Estructura Molecular , Picratos/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Superóxidos/química , Xantina Oxidasa/químicaRESUMEN
Isolation of compounds from the root of Rhodiola sachalinensis (RRS) yielded tyrosol (1), salidroside (2), multiflorin B (3), kaempferol-3,4'-di-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (4), afzelin (5), kaempferol (6), rhodionin (7), and rhodiosin (8). Quantification of these compounds was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the compounds, DPPH radical scavenging, NBT superoxide scavenging and nitric oxide production inhibitory activities were examined in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. We suggest that the major active components of RRS are herbacetin glycosides, exhibiting antioxidant activity, and kaempferol, exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity.