RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The first-line combination of an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and platinum-based doublet chemotherapy has not been sufficiently evaluated for patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This randomized phase II study was designed to select a combination regimen for phase III evaluation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced non-squamous, EGFR-mutant NSCLC were randomly assigned to receive either a concurrent or a sequential alternating regimen with gefitinib (250 mg) and carboplatin/pemetrexed [area under the curve (AUC) = 6 and 500 mg/m(2); 3-weekly]. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points were overall survival (OS), response, and safety. RESULTS: All 80 patients enrolled were eligible and assessable for efficacy (41 and 39 patients in the concurrent and sequential alternating regimen groups, respectively). Median PFS was 18.3 months for the concurrent regimen and 15.3 months for the sequential alternating regimen [hazard ratio (HR) 0.71 (0.42-1.20), P = 0.20]. Although OS data are immature (16 and 24 death events), median survival times were 41.9 and 30.7 months in the concurrent and sequential alternating regimen groups, respectively [HR 0.51 (0.26-0.99); P = 0.042]. Response rates were similar in both groups (87.8% and 84.6%). Hematological and non-hematological adverse events were common and reversible; interstitial lung disease was neither frequent nor fatal (two cases in each group; 5% of all patients). CONCLUSION: This is the first randomized study to investigate the efficacy of combinational EGFR-TKI and chemotherapy in the EGFR-mutated setting. Both regimens had promising efficacy with predictable toxicities, although concurrent regimens might provide better OS. The concurrent regimen was chosen to compare with gefitinib monotherapy in our ongoing phase III study. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN C000002789).
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores ErbB/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Mutación , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/administración & dosificación , Quinazolinas/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Carboplatino/administración & dosificación , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/enzimología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Gefitinib , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Japón , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Pulmonares/enzimología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pemetrexed/administración & dosificación , Fenotipo , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/efectos adversos , Quinazolinas/efectos adversos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: NEJ002 study, comparing gefitinib with carboplatin (CBDCA) and paclitaxel (PTX; Taxol) as the first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, previously reported superiority of gefitinib over CBDCA/PTX on progression-free survival (PFS). Subsequent analysis was carried out mainly regarding overall survival (OS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: For all 228 patients in NEJ002, survival data were updated in December, 2010. Detailed information regarding subsequent chemotherapy after the protocol treatment was also assessed retrospectively and the impact of some key drugs on OS was evaluated. RESULTS: The median survival time (MST) was 27.7 months for the gefitinib group, and was 26.6 months for the CBDCA/PTX group (HR, 0.887; P=0.483). The OS of patients who received platinum throughout their treatment (n=186) was not statistically different from that of patients who never received platinum (n=40). The MST of patients treated with gefitinib, platinum, and pemetrexed (PEM) or docetaxel (DOC, Taxotere; n=76) was around 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference in OS was observed between gefitinib and CBDCA/PTX in the NEJ002 study, probably due to a high crossover use of gefitinib in the CBDCA/PTX group. Considering the many benefits and the risk of missing an opportunity to use the most effective agent for EGFR-mutated NSCLC, the first-line gefitinib is strongly recommended.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Receptores ErbB/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Mutación , Análisis de Supervivencia , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Carboplatino/administración & dosificación , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Femenino , Gefitinib , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Masculino , Paclitaxel/administración & dosificación , Quinazolinas/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Notch receptor has an important role in both development and cancer. We previously reported that inhibition of the Notch3 by γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) induces apoptosis and suppresses tumour proliferation in non-small-cell lung cancer. Although radiation is reported to induce Notch activation, little is known about the relationship between radiation and Notch pathway. METHODS: We examined the effect of combining GSI and radiation at different dosing in three Notch expressing lung cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic effect of GSI and radiation was evaluated using MTT assay and clonogenic assay in vitro and xenograft models. Expressions of Notch pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and Bcl-2 family proteins were investigated using western blot analysis. RESULTS: We discovered that the antitumour effect of combining GSI and radiation was dependent on treatment schedule. γ-Secretase inhibitor administration after radiation had the greatest growth inhibition of lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. We showed that the combination induced apoptosis of lung cancer cell lines through the regulation of MAPK and Bcl-2 family proteins. Furthermore, activation of Notch after radiation was ameliorated by GSI administration, suggesting that treatment with GSI prevents Notch-induced radiation resistance. CONCLUSION: Notch has an important role in lung cancer. Treatment with GSI after radiation can significantly enhance radiation-mediated tumour cytotoxicity.
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Secretasas de la Proteína Precursora del Amiloide/antagonistas & inhibidores , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Oligopéptidos/farmacología , Receptores Notch/metabolismo , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Tolerancia a Radiación/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds for the reconstruction of highly oxygen-dependent inner organs is discussed. An additive manufacturing technology known as selective laser sintering was employed to fabricate a highly porous scaffold with an embedded flow channel network. A porogen leaching system was used to obtain high porosity. A prototype was developed using the biodegradable plastic polycaprolactone and sodium chloride as the porogen. A high porosity of 90% was successfully obtained. Micro x-ray CT observation was carried out to confirm that channels with a diameter of approximately 1 mm were generated without clogging. The amount of residual salt was 930 µg while the overall volume of the scaffold was 13 cm(3), and it was confirmed that the toxicity of the salt was negligible. The hydrophilization of the scaffold to improve cell adhesion on the scaffold is also discussed. Oxygen plasma ashing and hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide, typically employed to improve the hydrophilicity of plastic surfaces, were tested. The improvement of hydrophilicity was confirmed by an increase in water retention by the porous scaffold from 180% to 500%.
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Rayos Láser , Ingeniería de Tejidos , Andamios del Tejido , Células 3T3 , Animales , Adhesión Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas de Cocultivo/métodos , Glucosa/metabolismo , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Ratones , Poliésteres/química , Poliésteres/farmacología , Porosidad , Albúmina Sérica/metabolismo , Cloruro de Sodio/química , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Amrubicin, a new anthracycline agent, has shown high activity for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) in previous studies. However, a combination regimen with amrubicin and platinum has been investigated little. On the basis of previous phase I study, we conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of amrubicin and carboplatin for elderly patients with SCLC. METHODS: Chemotherapy-naive elderly patients with SCLC received amrubicin (35 mg/m(2), days 1-3) and carboplatin [area under the curve (AUC) 4.0, day1] every 3 weeks. The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR), and secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival and toxicity profile. RESULTS: From January 2005 to November 2007, 36 patients were enrolled [median age 76 (range 70-83); ECOG performance status of zero and one in 17 and 19 patients, respectively]. One complete response and 31 partial responses were observed (ORR 89%). Median PFS was 5.8 months and median survival time was 18.6 months. Grade 3-4 neutropenia was observed in 97% of the patients and six patients (17%) suffered from grade 3-4 febrile neutropenia. Other toxic effects were moderate and treatment-related death was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Amrubicin combined with carboplatin is quite effective for SCLC with acceptable toxic effects even for the elderly population. Further evaluation of this regimen is warranted.
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Anciano , Antraciclinas/administración & dosificación , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Carboplatino/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antraciclinas/efectos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Carboplatino/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Masculino , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células Pequeñas/mortalidad , Sociedades Médicas , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
c-Jun is a major constituent of AP-1 transcription factor that transduces multiple mitogen growth signals, and it is frequently overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Earlier, we showed that blocking AP-1 by the overexpression of a c-Jun dominant-negative mutant, TAM67, inhibited NSCLC cell growth. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signal transduction pathway is important in transformation, proliferation, survival and metastasis of NSCLC cells. In this study, we used NCI-H1299 Tet-on clone cells that express TAM67 under the control of inducible promoter to determine the effects of inhibition of AP-1 and PI3K on cell growth. The PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, produced a dose-dependent inhibition of growth in H1299 cells and that inhibition was enhanced by TAM67. TAM67 increased dephosphorylation of Akt induced by LY294002 and reduced the TPA response element DNA-binding of phosphorylated c-Jun. TAM67 increased G1 cell cycle blockade induced by LY294002, which was partially associated with cyclin A decrease and p27(Kip1) accumulation. Furthermore, TAM67 and LY294002 act, at least additively, to inhibit anchorage-independent growth of the H1299 cells. These results suggest that AP-1 and PI3K/Akt pathways play an essential role in the growth of some NSCLC cells.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Inhibidores de las Quinasa Fosfoinosítidos-3 , Transducción de Señal , Factor de Transcripción AP-1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/enzimología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cromonas/farmacología , Ciclina A/metabolismo , Inhibidor p27 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/metabolismo , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/enzimología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Morfolinas/farmacología , Fragmentos de Péptidos/metabolismo , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-jun/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Transcripción AP-1/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
A 48-year-old man was admitted because of bloody sputum in whom a chest computed tomography (CT) scan and fiberoptic bronchoscopy demonstrated a polypoid tumor in the left main bronchus. The tumor was surgically resected, and the pathological and immunohistochemical findings led to diagnosis of the tumor as a bronchial glomus tumor.
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Neoplasias de los Bronquios/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de los Bronquios/cirugía , Tumor Glómico/diagnóstico , Biopsia con Aguja , Broncoscopía , Tecnología de Fibra Óptica , Estudios de Seguimiento , Tumor Glómico/cirugía , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
We report a case of a 19-year-old woman with a primary pericardial synovial sarcoma that extended from the right ventricular free wall to the posterior aspect of the left anterior thoracic wall. Synovial sarcoma was diagnosed by the detection of the chimeric transcript SYT-SSX using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This transcript is generated by reciprocal translocation between chromosomes X and 18, and is specific to synovial sarcoma that usually occurs in the extremities of young adults. When pathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of synovial sarcoma is difficult, the molecular biological technique using RT-PCR becomes a powerful method of confirmation of this neoplasm.