Prevenção de lesão por pressão: conhecimento e ações de cuidadores e pacientes domiciliares / Pressure ulcer prevention: knowledge and actions of caregivers and home patients / Prevención de lesion por presión: conocimiento y acciones de cuidadores y pacientes domiciliarios

Objetivo: conhecer as ações realizadas no domicílio para a prevenção de lesão por pressão na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: pesquisa descritiva e qualitativa, direcionada à população em risco para o desenvolvimento de lesão por pressão (LP) no município de Crato, Ceará, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada por intermédio da escala de Braden e entrevista semiestruturada, nos meses de março a maio de 2018. Os aspectos éticos envolvidos na pesquisa foram respeitados. Resultados: os resultados obtidos foram divididos em duas categorias: 1) análise do risco de desenvolvimento de LP a partir da escala de Braden; 2) percepção dos pacientes domiciliares e cuidadores acerca das ações para a prevenção de LP na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Desta, emergiram duas subcategorias: a) percepção de pacientes domiciliares e cuidadores acerca da LP; b) medidas de prevenção para LP realizadas por pacientes e cuidadores. Conclusão: os participantes da pesquisa detém o conhecimento acerca da LP baseado nas experiências diárias, desenvolvendo efetivamente as ações para a prevenção das lesões.

Objective: to know the actions performed at home for the prevention of pressure injuries in the Family Health Strategy. Method: descriptive and qualitative research directed at the population at risk for the development of pressure injury (PI) in the city of Crato, Ceará, Brazil. Data collection was performed through the Braden scale and semi-structured interview, from March to May 2018. The ethical aspects involved in the research were respected. Results: the results obtained were divided into two categories: 1- analysis of the risk of developing PI from the Braden scale; 2- perception of home patients and caregivers about actions for the prevention of PI in the Family Health Strategy. From this, two subcategories emerged: a) perception of home patients and caregivers about PI; b) prevention measures for PI performed by patients and caregivers. Conclusion: the research participants have knowledge about PI based on daily experiences, effectively developing actions for injury prevention.

Objetivo: conocer las acciones realizadas en el hogar para la prevención de lesion por presión en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. Método: investigación descriptiva y cualitativo, dirigida a la población en riesgo de desarrollar lesiones por presión (LP) en la ciudad de Crato, Ceará, Brasil. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de la escala de Braden y la entrevista semiestructurada, de marzo a mayo de 2018. Se respetaron los aspectos éticos involucrados en la investigación. Resultados: los resultados obtenidos se dividieron en dos categorías: 1 - Análisis del riesgo de desarrollar LP a partir de la escala de Braden. 2- Percepción de pacientes domiciliarios y cuidadores sobre acciones para la prevención de LP en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. De esto, surgieron dos subcategorías: a) Percepción de pacientes domiciliarios y cuidadores sobre las lesiones por presión; b) Medidas de prevención para LP realizadas por pacientes y cuidadores. Conclusión: los participantes de la investigación tienen conocimientos sobre LP basados en experiencias diarias, desarrollando acciones para la prevención de lesiones.

Anticonvulsant activity of Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. fixed pulp oil against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures.

OBJECTIVES: Epilepsy is a common brain disease and a major worldwide public health problem. The seizures in a significant number of patients suffering from epilepsy remain inadequately controlled by currently available pharmacological treatments. Accordingly, there is a need for the discovery of new anticonvulsant approaches with improved efficacy and a better safety profile. In this context, natural products can be a valuable source of substances with potential anticonvulsant activity. In the present study, we tested the anticonvulsant potential of Caryocar coriaceum Wittm., a plant native from the Brazilian Cerrado biome (tropical savanna ecoregion). METHODS: Adult male C57BL/6 mice were treated with increasing doses of the fixed oil obtained from the pulp of Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. Seizure activity was induced by PTZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.), and evaluated by behavioral and electrographic methods. Potential adverse effects were investigated in the open-field, rotarod, forced swim, or object recognition tests. The antioxidant potential of the oil was evaluated by the DPPH scavenging assay. RESULTS: Administration of the oil at the dose of 100 mg/kg increased the latency for the first myoclonic jerk and the first generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The duration of generalized convulsions induced by PTZ was not altered. No significant behavioral adverse effects were detected in the open-field, rotarod, forced swim, or object recognition tests. Interestingly, a significant antioxidant activity of Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. fixed pulp oil was detected in the DPPH scavenging assay. DISCUSSION: Natural products can be a valuable source of substances with potential anticonvulsant activity and improved safety profile. Further studies are needed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the anticonvulsant effects of Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. fixed pulp oil as well as the potential of the oil as a source of new anticonvulsant compounds.

Anticonvulsant activity of ß-caryophyllene against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures.

Increasing evidence suggests that plant-derived extracts and their isolated components are useful for treatment of seizures and, hence, constitute a valuable source of new antiepileptic drugs with improved efficacy and better adverse effect profile. ß-Caryophyllene is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that occurs in a wide range of plant species and displays a number of biological actions, including neuroprotective activity. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that ß-caryophyllene displays anticonvulsant effects. In addition, we investigated the effect of ß-caryophyllene on behavioral parameters and on seizure-induced oxidative stress. Adult C57BL/6 mice received increasing doses of ß-caryophyllene (0, 10, 30, or 100mg/kg). After 60 min, we measured the latencies to myoclonic and generalized seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 60 mg/kg). We found that ß-caryophyllene increased the latency to myoclonic jerks induced by PTZ. This result was confirmed by electroencephalographic analysis. In a separate set of experiments, we found that mice treated with an anticonvulsant dose of ß-caryophyllene (100mg/kg) displayed an improved recognition index in the object recognition test. This effect was not accompanied by behavioral changes in the open-field, rotarod, or forced swim tests. Administration of an anticonvulsant dose of ß-caryophyllene (100mg/kg) did not prevent PTZ-induced oxidative stress (i.e., increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances or the decrease in nonprotein thiols content). Altogether, the present data suggest that ß-caryophyllene displays anticonvulsant activity against seizures induced by PTZ in mice. Since no adverse effects were observed in the same dose range of the anticonvulsant effect, ß-caryophyllene should be further evaluated in future development of new anticonvulsant drugs.

Estratégia saúde da família: avaliação e motivos para busca de serviços de saúde pelos usuários / Family Health Strategy: assessment and reasons for searching of health service by users

Objetivos: Conhecer a avaliação dos usuários sobre os serviços de saúde da família e identificar os principais motivos que os levam a buscar tais serviços. Métodos: Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em 5 Unidades de Saúde da Família com 25 usuários da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) da cidade de Crato-CE, Brasil. O estudo ocorreu no período de março a abril de 2009. Aplicou-se entrevista semiestruturada e gravada. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Encontrou-se que os usuários da ESF possuem grande insatisfação, principalmente quanto à organização e acesso aos serviços de saúde, avaliando a saúde da família como ineficiente, apesar de trazer a saúde para mais próximo da população, principalmente através das visitas domiciliares. Evidenciou-se também que há uma busca pelo serviço predominantemente apoiada na visão curativista e na aquisição de medicamentos. Conclusões: Os sujeitos avaliam a organização e o acesso ao serviço de saúde como insatisfatórios, mas valorizam as ações, quando háformação de vínculo com a equipe de saúde. Entretanto, ainda há procura pelo serviço de saúde, baseada na busca de fármacos e consulta médica. Assim, faz-se necessário a melhoria dos serviços da Estratégia Saúde da Família em Crato, na perspectiva de garantir qualidade, acessibilidade e maior resolutividade dos serviços de saúde

Objective: To assess the evaluation of the users regarding the family health services and identify the main reasons that led them to seek such services. Methods: A descriptive study with qualitative approach, carried out in 5 Family Health Units with 25 users of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) of the city of Crato-CE, Brazil. The study took place from March to April 2009. Semi-structured interview was applied and recorded. We used the technique of thematic content analysis. Results: We found that the users of the FHS have great dissatisfaction, especially on the organization and access to health services, evaluating the family health as inefficient, although bringing care closer to the population, primarily through home visits. It was clear also that there is a search to the service mainly supported by curative vision and the acquisition of medicines. Conclusions: The subjects evaluate the organization and access to healthcare services as unsatisfactory, but value the actions, when there is a bond with the health team. However, there is still demand for health services, based on the search for medicines and medical consultation. Thus, it is necessary to improve services of the Family Health Strategy in Crato, with a view to ensure quality, accessibility and greater resolution of health services.

A sexualidade negada do doente mental: percepções da sexualidade do portador de doença mental por profissionais de saúde / Sexuality denied of mental ill: perceptions of sexuality holder mental illness by health professionals

O presente artigo teve como objetivo, identificar as percepções da sexualidade de portadores de doença mental pelos profissionais de saúde que trabalham com os mesmos, destacando a importância da percepção para o profissional de saúde, na sua prática profissional, principalmente na maneira de lidar com esse sujeito, favorecendo ou não a recuperação. Tratase de um estudo do tipo exploratório descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista semi-estruturada, na qual participaram do estudo 20 profissionais, funcionários de uma instituição psiquiátrica da cidade de Crato, CE. Os resultados mostram que a concepção dos profissionais de saúde a respeito da sexualidade do doente mental é expressa através da negação, da associação aos desvios, transgressões e doença. Evidencia-se, portanto, a necessidade de um olhar atento para as questões que envolvem a sexualidade deste indivíduo que precisa ser assistido em todas as suas dimensões: física, afetiva e social.(AU)

This article had as goal to identify perceptions of sexuality of people with mental illness by health professionals that work with the same, underscoring the importance of perception for professional health to professional practice and it consequently influences in the way to deal with this subject, on favor or not recovery. This is a study of type explorative with descriptive qualitative approach. The data was collected through interview semi-processed structured, in which participated in the study 20 Professional staff of an institution from the city of Crato, CE. The results show that the conception of health professionals about sexuality mental ill is expressed through denial, from the association to the deviations, transgressions and disease. It proves, therefore, the need for a watchful attention to issues involving the sexuality of that needs to be assisted in all its dimensions: physical, affective and social.(AU)

[Madness in freedom: experiences in Crato-CE (1930-1970)]. / Loucura em liberdade: vivências e convivências em Crato-CE (1930-1970).

This study aims at identifying the most meaningful characters in the social imaginary and narrating its experience. This is a social-historical study in which oral (semi-structured interviews) and written documental sources were used. The interpretation of data was based on the archeological studies by Foucault on the history of madness and on other authors who worked with the themes: psychiatric madness and psychiatric reform. The narration of madness in the scenery of Crato indicates the existence of a multiplicity that reveals diversity, transcending the traditional psychiatric paradigm, which has as its principle the idea that the "mad person" should be isolated from society. We expect that this study contribute to the debate of nursing professional in the field of psychiatric and mental health.

Loucura em liberdade: vivências e convivências em Crato-CE (1930-1970) / Madness in freedom: experiences in Crato-CE (1930-1970)

Este estudo teve como objetivos: identificar os personagens mais significativos no imaginário social e narrar as suas vivências e convivências. É um estudo sócio-histórico. As fontes documentais foram orais (entrevistas semi-estruturadas) e escritas. A interpretação dos achados apoiou-se nos estudos arqueológicos de Foucault sobre a história da loucura, e em autores que estudaram os temas: loucura psiquiatria e reforma psiquiátrica. A loucura narrada no cenário do Crato indica a existência de uma multiplicidade que revela a diversidade, transcendendo o paradigma psiquiátrico tradicional, cujo princípio é a idéia de que o louco deve ser isolado da sociedade. Espera-se que esta pesquisa contribua para o debate sobre a prática dos profissionais de enfermagem no campo da psiquiatria/saúde mental.