RESUMEN
O direito à alimentação inicia por meio da garantia a todos os cidadãos ao acesso diário a alimentos em quantidade e qualidade suficientes com respeito à cultura...( continuar com o conceito de SAN). No âmbito da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) vários aspectos refletem a realidade social, devendo ser abordados e analisados simultaneamente, estabelecendo correlações. Desse modo, a referida pesquisa avaliou a ocorrência de insegurança alimentar e excesso de peso, e a relação com hábitos de compra e consumo de alimentos, entre a população adulta e idosa do Estudo Brazuca Natal/RN. Este estudo é transversal, conduzido com 411 adultos e idosos domiciliados. Realizaram-se entrevistas domiciliares com aplicação de questionário eletrônico (Epicollect5), para obter dados demográficos, socioeconômicos, antropométricos (peso, altura) e relacionados à IA. Para mensurar a IA, foi calculada a prevalência e o intervalo de confiança (95%), a partir da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA)A análise dos fatores associados à insegurança alimentar foi feita pela Regressão de Poisson, com estimativa robusta da variância, para obter as razões de prevalência (RP) brutas e ajustadas e seus intervalos de confiança (95%). As variáveis com p<0,20 foram incluídas no modelo e aquelas com p<0,05 permaneceram no modelo final. Foram incluídas no estudo 398 pessoas, com elevada proporção de excesso de peso (sobrepeso/obesidade) (76,3%;IC95%: 70,381,7%) tanto em adultos, quanto em idosos (61,3%;IC95%: 54,5 68,1%). No entanto não houve associação entre IA e excesso de peso. As pessoas que residiam nos domicílios com IA nunca ou quase nunca consumiam salada de verduras ou legumes (RP=1,61;(IC95% 1.19-2.19) ou frutas (RP=2,20;IC95% 1.32-2,13). Em relação aos hábitos de compra, 80,2% (IC95%:85,4 92,0) realizavam suas compras em super/hipermercado e 2,3% (IC95%: 2,0 5,8) em feiras livres. O hábito de consumir suco em pó ou refrigerante, entre 1 a 4 vezes durante a semana, foi indicado por 28,7% (IC95%: 24,5-33,3%) dos indivíduos pesquisados. Nesse mesmo intervalo semanal, o consumo de bolachas e biscoitos doces com ou sem recheio foi maior (RP=1,30;IC95%1,03-1,64). O super/hipermercados são frequentados por 37,4% das pessoas consideradas em IA e 62,6% das que estão em SA. Quanto à análise ajustada, observou-se uma prevalência 37% maior de insegurança alimentar entre os indivíduos que referem consumir frutas de 1 a 4 vezes por semana (IC95% 1,10-1,70), e 42% maior entre os que referem consumir frutas nunca ou quase nunca (IC95% 1,04-1,95). Concluise que os domicílios em situação de IA consomem com menos frequência frutas, legumes ou verduras; e consomem mais bolachas ou biscoitos doces recheados ou não, o que pode comprometer a saúde e a garantia de SAN da população estudada (AU).
The right to food begins by guaranteeing all citizens daily access to food in sufficient quantity and quality. It is the right to food to have correct information about the content of food and preparations, healthy eating practices and lifestyle, which promote health and reduce risks for diseases and guarantee food security. Within the scope of Food and Nutrition Security (SAN) several aspects reflect the social reality; should be approached and analyzed simultaneously, establishing correlations. In this way, this research evaluated the occurrence of food insecurity and overweight, and the relationship with food purchase and consumption habits, among the adult and elderly population of the Brazuca Study - Natal/RN. This is a cross-sectional study, conducted with 411 adults and elderly people living at home. Household interviews were carried out using an electronic questionnaire (Epicollect5) to obtain demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric (weight, height) and AI-related data. To measure the AI, the prevalence and confidence interval (95%) were calculated. The analysis of factors associated with food insecurity was performed using Poisson regression, with robust variance estimation, to obtain crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their confidence intervals (95%). Variables with p<0.20 were included in the model and those with p<0.05 remained in the final model. In the BMI analysis, excess weight (overweight/obesity) was observed in 76.3% (CI95%: 70.381.7%) of adults and 61.3% of the elderly (CI95%: 54.5 68.1%). AI was observed in 42.2% (CI%: 37.6 47.3) of respondents. A total of 398 respondents were investigated, of which 80.2% (CI95%: 85.4 92.0) make their purchases in super/hypermarkets and 2.3% (CI95%: 2.0 5.8) in street markets. The habit of consuming powdered juice or soda, between 1 and 4 times a week, was indicated by 28.7% (CI95%: 24.5-33.3%) of the individuals surveyed. In this same weekly interval, 48.2% (CI95%: 43.5-53.0%) of the interviewees prefer cookies or sweet biscuits with or without filling. Super/hypermarkets are frequented by 37.4% of people considered in AI and 62.6% of those in SA. There was a significant association between the family income variable, between R$ 401 and R$ 998.00 RP = 3.56 (2.19-5.78) and ≤ R$ 400.00 RP = 5.22 (3.30-5.78) 8,25) and the occurrence of AI. Per capita family income was the factor associated with the greatest effect on the prevalence of food insecurity. People with per capita family income between R$ 401.00 and R$ 998.00 have a prevalence of food insecurity 2.9 times higher than people with income equal to or greater than R$ 999.00. This effect is more pronounced in people earning up to R$ 400.00 per capita, in which the prevalence of food insecurity is 4.13 (p<0,001) times higher. A higher prevalence of food insecurity was also observed among people with inadequate access to treated water PR=1.46 (CI95%: 1,19-1,78).As for the adjusted analysis, a 37% higher prevalence of food insecurity was observed among individuals who reported consuming fruits from 1 to 4 times a week, and 42% higher among those who reported consuming fruits never or almost never. The consumption of cookies or crackers, consuming 5 or more times was associated with a 30% higher prevalence of food insecurity. It is concluded that households in a situation of FI consume fruits less frequently, which can compromise the health and guarantee of SAN of the population studied (AU).