Acousto-optic compensation of tremor for use in a handheld laser microsurgical instrument.

Development of a handheld microsurgical manipulator that incorporates active cancellation of the hand tremor of the user is ongoing. Thus far, experiments with the instrument have involved mechanical tools or end-effectors. In considering the possibility of laser procedures with the instrument, it is conceivable that a laser version of the instrument could be developed with no moving parts, using acousto-optic deflection of the laser beam to compensate the tremor. The paper describes the application and presents a proof of concept in a single degree of freedom using a benchtop laser deflection system and recorded hand motion data. Operating with a hand motion input tremor amplitude of 4 microns rms, the average overall canceling error is 0.8 microns rms.

The ileal diverticulum. Morpho-clinical and epidemiological study.

In two autopsy prospective studies, at the Prosectures of the Departmental Hospital and of the Pediatric Hospital in Cluj, we found an incidence of Meckel's diverticulum of 1.16%, 1.46% respectively. Besides, we have retrospectively followed the incidence of the ileal diverticulum during the laparatomies performed at the Pediatric Hospital in Cluj between 1981 and 1990 on an acute abdomen of a supposed appendicular cause. Consulting the pathological bulletins which registered 8,385 laparatomies we found 200 Meckel's diverticula. Of the 200 diverticula, 64 exhibited a pathological process and 136 were trophic, and we suppose that they were found incidentally (incidence of 1.63%, corrected incidence of 1.38%). Up to the age of 16, 4.5% of the diverticula were excised. In the 64 symptomatic cases of ileal diverticulum, 50 presented inflammatory complications, 10 were ulcero-hemorrhagic, two were obstructive, one diverticulum presented an entero-umbilical fistula and one displayed a hemorrhagic infarction. Seventeen of the 200 diverticula presented heterotopic tissues; 12 of the 17 cases were symptomatic; in 64.7% of the cases the heterotopic tissue was the gastric mucous coat. Out of 8,385 laparatomies performed on an acute abdomen of a supposed appendicular cause, in 64 cases the symptomatology was generated by a meckelian pathological process (0.76%). An acute appendicitis was concomitantly present in 22 of the 64 cases.

A peculiar case of allergic angiitis.

A 27-year-old male patient with a history of bronchial asthma showed polyarticular swellings, skin purpura and an acute pneumopathy and died 15 days after the acute onset of symptoms. Necropsy confirmed the diagnosis of confluent bronchopneumonia, but in all the organs, including the bone marrow, there were numerous eosinophils, fibrinoid necrosis of arteriovenous walls in the viscera and parieto-vascular infiltrates with mononuclear cells and many eosinophils. These lesions, exclusively around the vessels, were considered to express a variant or a morphogenetic stage of the Churg-Strauss angiitis.

Frequency of mortality due to cancer in the last 110 years (1870-1979) in the department of pathology of Cluj-Napoca.

Records of 36,775 autopsies performed between 1870 and 1979 in the Department of Morphopathology, Cluj-Napoca, were re-studied. 10.82 per cent of deaths were due to cancer, whose incidence increased during the last 50 years. Cancer is more often seen in males and its highest incidence was noted between 50 and 70 years of age. Gastric and lung cancers are more frequent in males, while uterine, intestine, stomach and ovarian cancers are the most frequent localizations in females.

Viral myocarditis. Clinical, electrocardiographic and evolutive diversity.

Five observations of severe viral myocarditis are presented. Diverse cardiac emergencies (pump failure, ventricular premature beats or tachycardia, left bundle branch block, trifascicular block, grade 2 or 3 a-v block, severe hypotension, etc.) as well as associated conditions (pericarditis, interstitial nephritis, pneumonia, pulmonary massive thromboembolism) could be found. The course of the disease was acute in three cases, subacute in one and chronic in another. Two patients died with severe pump failure (associated with pulmonary thromboembolism in one case), The clinical, evolutive and histologic aspects were in good correlation. These cases illustrate the clinical, electrocardiographic and evolutive diversity of viral myocarditis.

Anatomo-pathologic observations on epidemic nephropathy.

Two cases of necropsy and 5 cases of renal biopuncture were studied on the occassion of an epidemic of "hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome" identified in mountainous areas of Transylvania. The prevalent pathogenic process was capillary toxicosis which injured the renal tubules and vessels. The severity of the disease was determined by the phenomena of tubular failure, by the hemorrhagic syndrome and shock.

[Incidence of chemical diabetes in non-specific bronchopneumopathies]. / Incidenta diabetului chimic în bronhopneumopatiile nespecifice (date comparative cu tuberculoza pulmonara)

In the present conditions of industrial development and of urbanization encountered in our country clinico-statistical observations show that the risk of disease can be doubled by the increased incidence of diabetes and of bronchopneumopathies with common germs. The much higher incidence of the metabolic disturbance in the asymptomatic, as well as in the clinically manifest stages of bronchopulmonary suppurative diseases, as compared with tuberculosis demonstrate the more severe evolution, as well as the medico-social implications that tend to overtake, from the viewpoint of the severity, those known in pulmonary tuberculosis, which shows a continuous decline. The early detection of both diseases, which may prevent their association, complications or reciprocal aggravation, represent an imperative task.