RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The pattern of the liver disease may vary in different geographical locations. These reported variations are attributable to the differences in environmental factors, eating habits, socio-economic factors and other reasons. We studied the pattern of liver diseases in infants and children of Hazara Division of Pakistan. METHODS: 200 inpatient and outpatient infants and children in Ayub Teaching Hospital were studied from June, 1998 to October, 1999. RESULTS: The spectrum of defect in the subjects, suffering from liver diseases showed that viral hepatitis was more common (relative frequency of 60%), followed by enteric hepatitis (26%), drug induced liver injury (7.5%), biliary atresia (5.0%) and Criglar-Najjar Syndrome (1.5%). Although both sexes were affected, however, the spectrum of liver disease was more common in males. Moreover, viral hepatitis and enteric hepatitis were found in children aging 6 to 8 years, biliary atresia in 6 months to 2 years, and drug induced liver injury in 3 to 5 years old subjects.
Asunto(s)
Hepatopatías/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Hepatopatías/clasificación , Hepatopatías/etiología , Masculino , Pakistán/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Total serum proteins and its fractions were estimated in 468 infants and children from birth to 4 years in relation to age, sex and dietary pattern. The mean values of total serum proteins and its fractions showed some changes with age, especially in gamma globulins, which was high at birth and showed a decrease at the age of 3 months, after which it increased and attained an adult level at the age of 18 months. No difference was noted between the two sexes. Completely breast fed infants had a significantly higher protein and albumin levels at 3 months than completely weaned infants but no such difference was observed in other protein fractions in the same age groups.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Sanguíneas/análisis , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Lactancia Materna , Preescolar , Dieta , Electroforesis , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Albúmina Sérica/análisis , Factores Sexuales , gammaglobulinas/análisisAsunto(s)
Pirazinamida/farmacología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/metabolismo , Ácido Úrico/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pirazinamida/uso terapéutico , Factores de Tiempo , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido Úrico/sangre , Ácido Úrico/orinaRESUMEN
Inactivation of alpha- and beta-thrombin by alpha 2-macroglobulin, by alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and by antithrombin-III and heparin was studied. The amount of alpha- and beta-thrombin inactivated by antithrombin-III was proportional to the concentration of the inhibitor, but the inactivation rates of the two forms of thrombin were different. Heparin facilitated complex-formation between alpha-thrombin and antithrombin-III, whereas inactivation of beta-thrombin by antithrombin was only slightly influenced, even at a heparin concentration two orders of magnitude higher. alpha 2-Macroglobulin inhibited both alpha- and beta-thrombin activity similarly, i.e. the amount of alpha- and beta-thrombin inactivated as well as the rates of their inhibition were the same. alpha 1-Proteinase inhibitor also formed a complex with alpha- and beta-thrombin, similarly to antithrombin-III, although the inactivation of the enzyme needed high inhibitor concentration and long incubation time. These results suggest that the inactivation of beta-thrombin, if it occurs in the plasma, is also controlled by plasma inhibitors.