Factors associated with oropharyngeal dysphagia diagnosed by videofluoroscopy in children with cerebral palsy.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) occurs in children with cerebral palsy. It is important to investigate its relationship with some variables, and the objective of this study was to identify factors associated with OD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case-control study in patients with cerebral palsy from 8months to 15years of age, from November 2018 to November 2019, approved by the Ethics Committee. The diagnosis of OD was made by videofluoroscopy when there was nasopharyngeal reflux, stagnation in the vallecular sinuses, in the piriformis sinuses, penetration, and aspiration. The independent variables were type of cerebral palsy, gross motor impairment classified into five levels, nutritional status and comorbidities. One case with OD was included and the next one without alterations in videofluoroscopy was control. The variables were compared with Chi square and Student's t. The association was measured with odds ratio. The confidence interval was 95%. RESULTS: Thirty patients with OD and 30without OD were studied. Sex, age, birth weight, and gestational age had a similar distribution in the two groups. From the data perceived by the mothers at the time of feeding, the greater frequency of the difficulty in the transfer of the food bolus in the group with OD showed a statistically significant difference (P<.001) and of the studied factors, the levelV of the gross motor involvement was associated with a higher frequency of OD. CONCLUSIONS: OD was associated with level V of gross motor involvement.

Factors associated with oropharyngeal dysphagia diagnosed by videofluoroscopy in children with cerebral palsy. / Factores asociados a disfagia orofaríngea diagnosticada por videofluoroscopia en niños con parálisis cerebral.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) occurs in children with cerebral palsy. It is important to investigate its relationship with some variables, and the objective of this study was to identify factors associated with OD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case-control study in patients with cerebral palsy from 8months to 15years of age, from November 2018 to November 2019, approved by the Ethics Committee. The diagnosis of OD was made by videofluoroscopy when there was nasopharyngeal reflux, stagnation in the vallecular sinuses, in the piriformis sinuses, penetration, and aspiration. The independent variables were type of cerebral palsy, gross motor impairment classified into five levels, nutritional status and comorbidities. One case with OD was included and the next one without alterations in videofluoroscopy was control. The variables were compared with Chi square and Student's t. The association was measured with odds ratio. The confidence interval was 95%. RESULTS: Thirty patients with OD and 30without OD were studied. Sex, age, birth weight, and gestational age had a similar distribution in the two groups. From the data perceived by the mothers at the time of feeding, the greater frequency of the difficulty in the transfer of the food bolus in the group with OD showed a statistically significant difference (P<.001) and of the studied factors, the levelV of the gross motor involvement was associated with a higher frequency of OD. CONCLUSIONS: OD was associated with level V of gross motor involvement.

[Polydactyly in 26,670 consecutive births. The clinical characteristics, prevalence and risk factors]. / Polidactilia en 26,670 nacimientos consecutivos. Características clínicas, prevalencia y factores de riesgo.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of polydactyly, its clinical characteristic and its association with some risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, case-control study, of 45 newborn with polydactyly and their controls, in 26,670 consecutive births in the Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, with 20 weeks or more of gestational age, and birth weight greater than 500 g, since November of 1988 to October of 1992. The information were obtained from the database of the Congenital External Malformation Register, carried out by the University of Guadalajara. The prevalence of polydactyly was obtained and clinical characteristic were documented. Continuous variables were compared using t Student test. For discrete variables, analysis were carried out using X2 test and the odds ratio. RESULTS: The prevalence of polydactyly was of 1.73 x 1,000 alive newborn. The polydactyly of the hands in 26 newborn; preaxial in five and 21 was postaxial. The polydactyly in the foot was present in 19 newborn. The only statistics differences with control group were: low length and the antecedent of other malformation in the family. CONCLUSION: The found prevalence is different to the one informed in the literature. The association with antecedent of another malformation in the family, support the role of hereditary factors in etiology.

[The prevalence and risk factors of cleft lip and cleft palate in 2 hospitals in the city of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico]. / Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de labio y paladar hendido en dos hospitales, en la Ciudad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to determine the prevalence of the cleft lip and palate and its association with some risking factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational and analytic study, of 44 newborn infants with cleft lip and palate and their controls, in 33,461 consecutive births, with 20 weeks or more, and birth weight more than 500 g, since November of 1988 to June of 1991. The information were obtained from the database of the Congenital External Malformation Register, done by the University of Guadalajara, in four hospitals. The prevalence of the cleft lip and palate was calculated. Of the variables studied their association was searched with congenital malformation in 2 x 2 tables, calculating, its chi square, confidence interval, and old ratio. RESULTS: The prevalence of the cleft lip and palate was of 13.2 x 10,000 births. By categories: cleft lip 2.7 x 10,000, cleft lip and palate 7.8 x 10,000 and cleft palate 2.7 x 10,000. The only statistics differences with control group were the association with antecedent of other malformation in the family and methrorrague during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The found prevalence is similar to the one informed in the literature, with some differences by categories. The association with antecedent of another malformation in the family, support the role of the hereditary role in the multifactorial etiology.