Downstream passage of fish larvae and eggs through a small-sized reservoir, Mucuri river, Brazil

In South America, one important symptom of the failure of fish passages to sustain fish migratory recruitment is the inability of eggs and larvae to reach the nurseries. This is especially so when the breeding areas are located upstream of a reservoir, and the floodplain is downstream of the dam. Therefore, the transport of fish larvae and eggs across reservoir barriers is a key factor in the development of effective conservation strategies. In this paper, we evaluate the potential for migratory fish larvae and egg transportation across a small size reservoir in eastern Brazil. We sampled fish daily between 15th October 2002 and 15th February 2003 (spawning period) in the Mucuri River, immediately upstream of the reservoir and downstream of the Santa Clara Power Plant dam. Our study was the first to indicate the possibility of successful larval passage through the reservoir of a hydroelectric reservoir and dam in South America, and showed that the passage of migratory fish larvae was associated significantly with residence time of water in the reservoir. The relatively short water residence time and elevated turbidity of the Santa Clara's reservoir waters during the rainy season certainly contributed to the successful passage, and can be considered as key factors for a priori evaluations of the feasibility of a downstream larval passage.

Downstream passage of fish larvae and eggs through a small-sized reservoir, Mucuri river, Brazil

In South America, one important symptom of the failure of fish passages to sustain fish migratory recruitment is the inability of eggs and larvae to reach the nurseries. This is especially so when the breeding areas are located upstream of a reservoir, and the floodplain is downstream of the dam. Therefore, the transport of fish larvae and eggs across reservoir barriers is a key factor in the development of effective conservation strategies. In this paper, we evaluate the potential for migratory fish larvae and egg transportation across a small size reservoir in eastern Brazil. We sampled fish daily between 15th October 2002 and 15th February 2003 (spawning period) in the Mucuri River, immediately upstream of the reservoir and downstream of the Santa Clara Power Plant dam. Our study was the first to indicate the possibility of successful larval passage through the reservoir of a hydroelectric reservoir and dam in South America, and showed that the passage of migratory fish larvae was associated significantly with residence time of water in the reservoir. The relatively short water residence time and elevated turbidity of the Santa Clara's reservoir waters during the rainy season certainly contributed to the successful passage, and can be considered as key factors for a priori evaluations of the feasibility of a downstream larval passage.

Downstream passage of fish larvae and eggs through a small-sized reservoir, Mucuri river, Brazil

In South America, one important symptom of the failure of fish passages to sustain fish migratory recruitment is the inability of eggs and larvae to reach the nurseries. This is especially so when the breeding areas are located upstream of a reservoir, and the floodplain is downstream of the dam. Therefore, the transport of fish larvae and eggs across reservoir barriers is a key factor in the development of effective conservation strategies. In this paper, we evaluate the potential for migratory fish larvae and egg transportation across a small size reservoir in eastern Brazil. We sampled fish daily between 15th October 2002 and 15th February 2003 (spawning period) in the Mucuri River, immediately upstream of the reservoir and downstream of the Santa Clara Power Plant dam. Our study was the first to indicate the possibility of successful larval passage through the reservoir of a hydroelectric reservoir and dam in South America, and showed that the passage of migratory fish larvae was associated significantly with residence time of water in the reservoir. The relatively short water residence time and elevated turbidity of the Santa Clara's reservoir waters during the rainy season certainly contributed to the successful passage, and can be considered as key factors for a priori evaluations of the feasibility of a downstream larval passage.

Comparing on site human and video counts at Igarapava fish ladder, south eastern Brazil

On site human observations and video images were collected and compared at the window of the Igarapava Dam fish ladder (IDFL), rio Grande , Southeastern Brazil, between March 1st and June 30th, 2004. We conducted four experiments with two humans (Observer 1 and Observer 2) observing fish passage in the IDFL window while a Sony 3CCD video camera (Observer 3) recorded fish passage at the same time. Experiments, each one hour in length, were distributed throughout the diel cycle using full spectrum lights. We identified fish species, the number of individuals for each species, and the real time that they passed. Counts from each human observer were compared to the video counts. The fish species most commonly observed in the window were - curimba (Prochilodus lineatus), mandi-amarelo (Pimelodus maculatus), piau-três-pintas (Leporinus friderici) and ferreirinha (Leporinus octofasciatus). The number of species and individuals were indistinguishable for the three observers. But, the number of species and individuals were significantly different among experiments. Thus, the three observers register the same number of species and count the same number of individuals even when these two response variables differ significantly among experiments. Based on these results, we concluded that the video count was an accurate method to assess fish passage at the IDFL.

Observações in loco e vídeo filmagens foram coletadas na janela da escada de peixes da UHE Igarapava (EPUG), rio Grande, sudeste do Brasil, entre 1º de março e 30 junho de 2004. Realizaram-se quatro experimentos com dois observadores humanos (Observador 1 e Observador 2) que observaram a passagem de peixes na janela da EPUG enquanto uma vídeo câmera Sony 3CCD (Observador 3) registrou simultaneamente a passagem de peixes. Os dois observadores humanos registraram in situ a passagem de peixes no visor da escada enquanto a câmera os filmava ao mesmo tempo. Os experimentos, cada um com uma hora de duração, foram realizados durante o ciclo diário, utilizando-se iluminação de espectro completo. Registraram-se as espécies, o número de indivíduos e o horário de passagem. Os registros de cada observador humano in situ foram comparados com os dos vídeos. Consideraram-se curimba (Prochilodus lineatus), mandi-amarelo (Pimelodus maculatus), piau-três-pintas (Leporinus friderici) e ferreirinha (Leporinus octofasciatus) como espécies alvo, tendo em vista sua alta freqüência de ocorrência na escada de peixes da UHE Igarapava. O número de espécies e o número de indivíduos não foram estatisticamente diferentes entre observadores. Por outro lado, o número de espécies e o número de indivíduos que passaram pelo visor foram estatisticamente diferentes entre experimentos. Assim, demonstrou-se que os três observadores registraram o mesmo número de espécies e contaram o mesmo número de indivíduos, mesmo quando as duas variáveis diferiram significativamente entre experimentos. Concluiu-se que o sistema de vídeo imagem constitui um método eficaz para avaliação da passagem de peixes na escada de peixes de Igarapava.

Comparing on site human and video counts at Igarapava fish ladder, south eastern Brazil

On site human observations and video images were collected and compared at the window of the Igarapava Dam fish ladder (IDFL), rio Grande , Southeastern Brazil, between March 1st and June 30th, 2004. We conducted four experiments with two humans (Observer 1 and Observer 2) observing fish passage in the IDFL window while a Sony 3CCD video camera (Observer 3) recorded fish passage at the same time. Experiments, each one hour in length, were distributed throughout the diel cycle using full spectrum lights. We identified fish species, the number of individuals for each species, and the real time that they passed. Counts from each human observer were compared to the video counts. The fish species most commonly observed in the window were - curimba (Prochilodus lineatus), mandi-amarelo (Pimelodus maculatus), piau-três-pintas (Leporinus friderici) and ferreirinha (Leporinus octofasciatus). The number of species and individuals were indistinguishable for the three observers. But, the number of species and individuals were significantly different among experiments. Thus, the three observers register the same number of species and count the same number of individuals even when these two response variables differ significantly among experiments. Based on these results, we concluded that the video count was an accurate method to assess fish passage at the IDFL.

Observações in loco e vídeo filmagens foram coletadas na janela da escada de peixes da UHE Igarapava (EPUG), rio Grande, sudeste do Brasil, entre 1º de março e 30 junho de 2004. Realizaram-se quatro experimentos com dois observadores humanos (Observador 1 e Observador 2) que observaram a passagem de peixes na janela da EPUG enquanto uma vídeo câmera Sony 3CCD (Observador 3) registrou simultaneamente a passagem de peixes. Os dois observadores humanos registraram in situ a passagem de peixes no visor da escada enquanto a câmera os filmava ao mesmo tempo. Os experimentos, cada um com uma hora de duração, foram realizados durante o ciclo diário, utilizando-se iluminação de espectro completo. Registraram-se as espécies, o número de indivíduos e o horário de passagem. Os registros de cada observador humano in situ foram comparados com os dos vídeos. Consideraram-se curimba (Prochilodus lineatus), mandi-amarelo (Pimelodus maculatus), piau-três-pintas (Leporinus friderici) e ferreirinha (Leporinus octofasciatus) como espécies alvo, tendo em vista sua alta freqüência de ocorrência na escada de peixes da UHE Igarapava. O número de espécies e o número de indivíduos não foram estatisticamente diferentes entre observadores. Por outro lado, o número de espécies e o número de indivíduos que passaram pelo visor foram estatisticamente diferentes entre experimentos. Assim, demonstrou-se que os três observadores registraram o mesmo número de espécies e contaram o mesmo número de indivíduos, mesmo quando as duas variáveis diferiram significativamente entre experimentos. Concluiu-se que o sistema de vídeo imagem constitui um método eficaz para avaliação da passagem de peixes na escada de peixes de Igarapava.