Factors associated with status and self-perceived mental health changes in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

The SARS-CoV-2-triggered Public Health Emergency of International Importance has significantly contributed to emotional and mental health issues. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with self-perceived mental health changes while facing the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study that collected data via a web survey using a validated instrument. The study included individuals over 18 years old residing in the 26 federal units and the Federal District from August 2020 to November 2022. The sample was recruited using the snowball technique. Two logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with the outcomes of interest. The first analysis considered individuals who rated their mental health condition as poor as the dependent variable, while the second analysis considered individuals who reported changes in their mental health during the pandemic as the dependent variable. The study found that individuals with complete college education and those using tranquilizers or antidepressants were more likely to perceive their mental health as poor (1.97 and 2.04 times higher likelihood, respectively). Increased consumption of ultra-processed foods during the pandemic was associated with a 2.49 higher likelihood of reporting mental health changes. Participants also reported more difficulty sleeping. The negative self-perception of mental health varied across Brazil's regions and changed over time, with different patterns observed before and after the vaccination period. In 2022, most regions of Brazil classified their mental health as "poor." The study highlights the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, with increased prevalence of mental disorders and emotional problems among the population. The results highlight the presence of mental disorders and increased reporting of emotional problems among the population due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in children and young adolescents in Brazil.

Introduction: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a global threat and a challenge for public health authorities worldwide. In children, the diagnosis is even more challenging and DR-TB is poorly described in the literature, as are its treatment outcomes. In this study, we aimed to describe the treatment of drug-resistant TB in children and young adolescents in Brazil. Methods: A descriptive epidemiological study of treatment for DR-TB in children under 15 years of age in Brazil between 2013 and 2020. The primary data source was the Information System for Special Tuberculosis Treatments (SITE-TB). Categorical variables were analyzed using relative frequencies (%) and continuous variables by measures of central tendency to characterize the profile of the cases, namely: sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, procedures, tests performed and treatment success. In order to verify the distribution of cases, a spatial analysis was carried out based on the municipality where the cases resided. Results: Between 2013 and 2020, 19,757 tuberculosis (TB) cases occurred in children aged <15 years in Brazil, and 46 cases of treatment for DR-TB were reported during the same period (annual average of 6 cases). Of these, 73.9% were aged 10-14, 65.2% were male, 4.3% were HIV+ and 43.3% were underweight (BMI<18.5) at the start of treatment. 17.4% had previous contact with TB, 69.6% had primary resistance, 47.8% multidrug resistance. The median duration of treatment was 15 months. DOT and standardized treatment regimen were performed in 52.2% of cases. Bacilloscopy was performed for 97.8% (57.8% positive); culture for 89.1% (75.6% positive), rapid molecular test for 73.9% with proven resistance to rifampicin in 55.8%. Susceptibility testing revealed resistance mainly to isoniazid (87.8%) and rifampicin (60.6%). 73.9% of cases were successfully treated and one death was reported. Cases were treated in 26 Brazilian municipalities, with the majority in Rio de Janeiro (15) and São Paulo (4). Conclusion: DR-TB treatment was recorded in <1% of general TB cases in children and young adolescents, suggesting underreporting of drug-resistant cases in the country. Despite the low number of registered cases, the data reflect the situation of DR-TB in this population and describe important aspects of the problem, as the child needs comprehensive, individualized care, with support from different professionals. We recommend a strengthening of the country's referral services for the care of children with DR-TB so that surveillance and health care services can work together to identify and follow up cases.

Panorama da oferta do ensino médio integrado em enfermagem no Brasil / Panorama of the offer of integrated secondary education in nursing in Brazil / Panorama de la oferta de educación secundaria integrada en enfermería en Brasil

Objetivo: Analisar o panorama da oferta do ensino médio integrado em enfermagem no Brasil. Métodos: Pesquisa quanti-qualitativa, documental. Os dados foram coletados do Sistema Nacional de Informações da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica, e um questionário utilizando a plataforma digital Google Forms® para as escolas incluídas, analisadas com auxílio do Microsoft Excel®. Resultados: Foram encontradas e validadas 90 escolas. O maior número destas escolas estava na região Nordeste (68), seguida das regiões Sudeste, Sul, Centro Oeste e Norte. Comparando o número de curso técnico de enfermagem tradicional com os cursos na modalidade integrada obtivemos razões de 11:1 a 378:1, sendo 98,9% da rede pública. Das escolas que responderam ao questionário, 60% utilizam o currículo integrado, cerca de 50% realizou alguma capacitação com os docentes, como também, evidenciamos a modalidade integrada ofertada em três formas diferentes que alteravam duração do curso e carga horária. Chamou atenção a taxa de 32,5% de evasão no referido curso. Conclusão: Constatamos que a modalidade integrada tem baixa capilaridade no Brasil, sendo sua maior aderência na região Nordeste, e na esfera pública, já que assume um compromisso com a formação humana integral e não apenas com o mercado de trabalho. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the panorama of the offer of integrated secondary education in nursing in Brazil. Methods: Quantitative-qualitative, documentary research. The data were collected from the National Information System for Professional and Technological Education, and a questionnaire using the Google Forms® digital platform for the schools included, analyzed with the aid of Microsoft Excel®. Results: 90 schools were found and validated. The largest number of these schools was in the Northeast region (68), followed by the Southeast, South, Midwest and North regions. Comparing the number of traditional nursing technical courses with courses in the integrated modality, we obtained ratios from 11: 1 to 378: 1, all from the public system. Of the schools that responded to the questionnaire, 60% use the integrated curriculum, about 50% carried out some training with the teachers, as well as showing the integrated modality offered in three different ways that altered the duration of the course and workload. The 32.5% dropout rate in that course drew attention. Conclusion: We found that the integrated modality has low capillarity in Brazil, with its greatest adherence in the Northeast region, and in the public sphere, since it assumes a commitment to integral human development and not only to the labor market. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar el panorama de la oferta de educación secundaria integrada en enfermería en Brasil. Métodos: Investigación documental cuantitativa-cualitativa. Los datos fueron recolectados del Sistema Nacional de Información para la Educación Profesional y Tecnológica, y un cuestionario utilizando la plataforma digital Google Forms® para las escuelas incluidas, analizado con la ayuda de Microsoft Excel®. Resultados: se encontraron y validaron 90 escuelas. El mayor número de estas escuelas se encontraba en la región noreste (68), seguida por las regiones sureste, sur, medio oeste y norte. Comparando el número de cursos técnicos tradicionales de enfermería con cursos en la modalidad integrada, obtuvimos ratios de 11: 1 a 378: 1, todos del sistema público. De las escuelas que respondieron al cuestionario, el 60% utiliza el currículo integrado, cerca del 50% realizó alguna capacitación con los docentes, además de mostrar la modalidad integrada ofrecida en tres formas diferentes que alteraron la duración del curso y la carga de trabajo. La tasa de deserción del 32,5% en ese curso llamó la atención. Conclusión: Encontramos que la modalidad integrada tiene baja capilaridad en Brasil, con su mayor adhesión en la región Nordeste, y en la esfera pública, ya que asume un compromiso con el desarrollo humano integral y no solo con el mercado laboral. (AU)

Exploring the pathways from the power of food to food cravings in a sample of Brazilian young adults.

The present study has three main objectives: a) to analyse, for the first time, the factor structure of the Control of Eating Questionnaire (CoEQ) in a Brazilian sample; b) to explore, through in-depth interviews, motivators and consequences of food cravings among participants with high scores on the CoEQ; and c) to analyse whether and how the power of food is related to food cravings. The study involved 335 young adults aged 18-30 years, balanced for sex. The CoEQ and the Power of Food Scale (PFS) were used in an online survey. The CoEQ and PFS were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with a subsample (n = 20) with high CoEQ scores. The Socratic questioning method was used for the interviews. The interviews were transcribed and analysed according to thematic content analysis. The PFS and the CoEQ showed adequate factor structure with reliable factors. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that both food availability and seeking relief from stressors serve as motives for food cravings. Concern for health and weight gain were cited as consequences of cravings, as was seeking distraction to cope with these cravings. It was found that the PFS aggregate factor was a significant influencing factor for craving control (ß = 0.604; p < 0.001), craving for savoury (ß = 0.382; p < 0.001), craving for sweet (ß = 0.414; p < 0.001) and positive mood (ß = -0.198; p < 0.001). The findings suggest that the relationship between food cravings and the power of food is significant in today's obesogenic environment.

In vitro approaches to antioxidant screening for the development of a sunscreen formulation

Abstract The incorporation of antioxidants into sunscreens may provide additional skin photoprotection against the harmful photobiological effects of ultraviolet radiation. The present study evaluated the applicability of a screening approach to the assessment of the antioxidant and photoprotective properties of vitamin C, vitamin E, and coenzyme Q10 and then determined the performance of the most effective antioxidant in a sunscreen formulation. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, 2,2`-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, and the photoprotective potential was investigated by the yeast photoprotection assay. The antioxidant with the best effect was incorporated into sunscreen formulations which were evaluated for 120 days regarding their in vitro photoprotective parameters. Vitamin C showed high antioxidant capacity as well as a photoprotective potential against simulated solar irradiation applied for times longer than 1 h. Although the Sun Protection Factor, UVA/UVB ratio and critical wavelength did not differed significantly (p<0.05) between the formulation blank and the formulations containing 0.5% or 1% vitamin C, formulations with vitamin C kept their photostability for 6 months. Consequently, the proposed screening approach seems to be promising for the development of an antisolar photostable formulation containing vitamin C as an antioxidant.

Motivation to consume palatable foods as a predictor of body image dissatisfaction: Using the Power of Food Scale in a Brazilian sample.

The Power of Food Scale (PFS) is a questionnaire for self-assessing the motivation to consume palatable foods, especially in environments where food is abundant and constantly available. This study aimed to a) assess the factorial structure of the PFS in a Brazilian sample and b) examine the relationship between the power of food and body image dissatisfaction and BMI. The PFS and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) were applied to a sample of 300 adults. Data were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis. Composite reliability (CR) was used to verify factor reliability. A partial least squares structural equation model was used to verify the effect of the PFS score on body image dissatisfaction. The PFS had an adequate factorial structure in this Brazilian sample, showing three well-defined factors: food available (CR = 0.91), food tasted (CR = 0.84), and food present (CR = 0.87). The BSQ showed one reliable factor (CR = 0.97). The power of the food aggregate factor significantly predicted body mass index (ß = 0.16; p = .01) and body image dissatisfaction (ß = 0.46; p < .001). The effect size was small for body mass index (f2 = 0.02) and medium for body image dissatisfaction (f2 = 0.26). The food present factor also had a slightly higher average among the three PFS factors. Women had higher PFS scores than men. Understanding the role that this motivation plays in physical and psychological outcomes such as body dissatisfaction can contribute to developing treatment strategies and support health professionals' performance in clinical settings.

Heteroisotherapics effect on the treatment against smoking: a cognitive-behavioral approach

The most common way of consuming nicotine is in tobacco cigarettes. Nicotine causes intense addiction. The National Cancer Institute coordinates and executes the Tobacco Control Program in Brazil, through actions that encourage the adoption of healthier lifestyles. In this context, homeopathy has used Heteroisotherapic medicines formulated according to the homeopathic pharmaceutical technology with scientific evidence of efficacy in the detoxification of substances and metals, and in the desensitization of foods or medicines. Aims Promote the importance of the cognitive-behavioral approach in combination with the homeopathic treatment against smoking. Methodology In the initial phase of the randomized double-blind clinical study (CEP / HUCFF / UFRJ 65622916.2.0000.5257), the effectiveness of the 6CH heteroisotherapeutic drug was assessed. Volunteers were recruited andin-person welcoming meetings, using the cognitive-behavioral approach, were carried out to inform them about the risks of smoking and the benefits of quitting. In addition, they were supported and guided during the smoking cessation process so that they could deal with the withdrawal syndrome, the psychological dependence and the constraints associated with smoking. Results and discussion84 participants were selected according to the inclusion criteria, and divided by randomization into two groups:the Test Group (heteroisotherapeutic medication) and the Control Group (homeopathic medication Nux vomica6CH).Both groups will be followed for 12 months. The combination of the following approaches has led to a significant increase in the cessation rate: I.Prepare the smoker for solving his own issues; II. Stimulate skills to resist temptations to smoke; III. Prepare to prevent relapse; IV. Prepare to deal with stress. Studies show that, regardless the duration of these approaches, there is an increase in the abstinence rate. Moreover, the longer the total approach time (frequency multiplied by the time spent on each contact), the higher the abstinence rate. On the other hand, from a total approach time of 90 minutes on, there is no further increase in the abstinence rate. ConclusionThe partial results obtained so far demonstrate that the cognitive-behavioral approach played a decisive role in the groups performance, favoring the treatment adherence as well as the group cohesion around the Project's objective, contributing to the effectiveness of the medicine, a decreased anxiety, improved sleep, cessation or decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the abstinence rate.

Training-professional profile of nurses teaching at the Technical Schools of the Unified Health System / Perfil formación-profesional del enfermero docente en las Escuelas Técnicas del Sistema Único de Salud / Perfil formativo-profissional dos enfermeiros docentes das Escolas Técnicas do Sistema Único de Saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the training-professional profile of nursing professors in the vocational course in nursing at the Technical Schools of the Unified Health System. Methods: a quantitative descriptive research, carried out with 61 nurses who are professors of technical courses in nursing at five technical schools in three Brazilian regions. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and submitted to descriptive analysis. Results: only 36% of teaching nurses were licensed and 80% had a specialization in nursing or health. Although 95.1% of participants considered training for teaching necessary, 44.2% did not have qualifications for this job. The average length of work in care was 8 years, focusing on the hospital network. Conclusion: the need for professor training and investment in it is evidenced, as the training of essential workers for nursing care and consolidation of the Unified Health System is on the agenda.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el perfil formativo-profesional de los profesores de enfermería en el curso técnico en enfermería de las Escuelas Técnicas del Sistema Único de Salud. Métodos: investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, realizada con 61 enfermeras que son profesoras de cursos técnicos en enfermería en cinco escuelas técnicas en tres regiones brasileñas. Los datos se recopilaron a través de un cuestionario en línea y se sometieron a análisis descriptivo. Resultados: se destaca que solo el 36% de los profesores de enfermería tenía licencia y el 80% tenía especialización en el campo de la enfermería o la salud. Si bien el 95,1% de los participantes consideró necesaria la formación para la docencia, el 44,2% no tenía la calificación para este puesto. El tiempo promedio de experiencia en la atención fue de 8 años, con foco en la red hospitalaria. Conclusión: se evidencia la necesidad de formación e inversión docente en la misma, ya que la formación de los trabajadores esenciales para la atención de enfermería y la consolidación del Sistema Único de Salud está en la agenda.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o perfil formativo-profissional dos enfermeiros docentes do curso técnico em enfermagem das Escolas Técnicas do Sistema Único de Saúde. Métodos: pesquisa quantitativa, do tipo descritiva, realizada com 61 enfermeiros professores de cursos técnicos em enfermagem de cinco escolas técnicas de três regiões brasileiras. Os dados foram coletados por questionário online e submetidos à análise descritiva. Resultados: destaca-se que apenas 36% dos enfermeiros docentes eram licenciados e 80% tinham especialização na área de enfermagem ou saúde. Apesar de 95,1% dos participantes considerar necessária a formação para o ensino, 44,2% não tinha qualificação para este trabalho. O tempo médio de atuação na assistência foi de 8 anos, concentrando-se na rede hospitalar. Conclusão: evidencia-se a necessidade de formação docente e o investimento nesta, pois está em pauta a formação de trabalhadores essenciais para o cuidado em enfermagem e consolidação do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Training-professional profile of nurses teaching at the Technical Schools of the Unified Health System.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the training-professional profile of nursing professors in the vocational course in nursing at the Technical Schools of the Unified Health System. METHODS: a quantitative descriptive research, carried out with 61 nurses who are professors of technical courses in nursing at five technical schools in three Brazilian regions. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and submitted to descriptive analysis. RESULTS: only 36% of teaching nurses were licensed and 80% had a specialization in nursing or health. Although 95.1% of participants considered training for teaching necessary, 44.2% did not have qualifications for this job. The average length of work in care was 8 years, focusing on the hospital network. CONCLUSION: the need for professor training and investment in it is evidenced, as the training of essential workers for nursing care and consolidation of the Unified Health System is on the agenda.

Organizational and pedagogical characterization of vocational courses in nursing at SUS Schools.

OBJECTIVES: to know the organizational and pedagogical characteristics of vocational courses in nursing of Unified Health System Vocational Schools in northeastern Brazil. METHODS: this is a qualitative, descriptive study, developed in six schools that offer this course. As a data source, Pedagogical Political Project and Teaching Plans were used to search for information on courses' organizational and pedagogical characteristics through indirect documentation, using three structured scripts. RESULTS: most of the characteristics of the courses are convergent between schools, but pedagogical characterization items do not exist, presenting themselves as fragility regarding the outline of such normative characteristics. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the characterization of the courses demonstrates the schools' commitment to training professionals aiming at quality of healthcare/nursing in/for the Unified Health System. However, the weakness found in the documents emerged as a challenge to be overcome, in order to better subsidize teaching and learning and qualify training.

Organizational and pedagogical characterization of vocational courses in nursing at SUS Schools / Caracterización organizativa y pedagógica de los cursos técnicos de enfermería en las Escuelas del SUS / Caracterização organizacional e pedagógica dos cursos técnicos em enfermagem das Escolas do SUS

ABSTRACT Objectives: to know the organizational and pedagogical characteristics of vocational courses in nursing of Unified Health System Vocational Schools in northeastern Brazil. Methods: this is a qualitative, descriptive study, developed in six schools that offer this course. As a data source, Pedagogical Political Project and Teaching Plans were used to search for information on courses' organizational and pedagogical characteristics through indirect documentation, using three structured scripts. Results: most of the characteristics of the courses are convergent between schools, but pedagogical characterization items do not exist, presenting themselves as fragility regarding the outline of such normative characteristics. Final Considerations: the characterization of the courses demonstrates the schools' commitment to training professionals aiming at quality of healthcare/nursing in/for the Unified Health System. However, the weakness found in the documents emerged as a challenge to be overcome, in order to better subsidize teaching and learning and qualify training.

RESUMEN Objetivos: conocer las características organizativas y pedagógicas de los cursos técnicos de enfermería en las Escuelas Técnicas del Sistema Único de Salud de la Región Nordeste. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, desarrollado en seis escuelas que ofrecen este curso. Como fuente de datos se utilizó el Proyecto Político Pedagógico y los Planes Docentes, en búsqueda de información sobre las características organizativas y pedagógicas de los cursos, a través de documentación indirecta, utilizando tres guiones estructurados. Resultados: la mayoría de las características de los cursos son convergentes entre escuelas, pero no existen elementos de caracterización pedagógica, presentándose como fragilidad en el esquema de tales características normativas. Consideraciones Finales: la caracterización de los cursos demuestra el compromiso de las escuelas con la formación de profesionales orientados a la calidad de la atención/enfermería en/para el Sistema Único de Salud, sin embargo, la debilidad encontrada en los documentos surgió como un desafío a superar, con el fin de subsidiar mejor la enseñanza y el aprendizaje y calificar la formación.

RESUMO Objetivos: conhecer as características organizacionais e pedagógicas dos cursos técnicos em enfermagem das Escolas Técnicas do Sistema Único de Saúde da Região Nordeste. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, desenvolvido em seis escolas que ofertam este curso. Foram utilizados, como fonte de dados, o Projeto Político Pedagógico e os Planos de Ensino, em busca de informações sobre as características organizacionais e pedagógicas dos cursos, mediante documentação indireta, empregando três roteiros estruturados. Resultados: a maioria das características dos cursos é convergente entre as escolas, mas itens da caracterização pedagógica inexistem, apresentando-se como fragilidade quanto ao delineamento de tais características normativas. Considerações Finais: A caracterização dos cursos demonstra empenho das escolas para formação de profissionais visando à qualidade da atenção à saúde/enfermagem no/para o Sistema Único de Saúde. Contudo, a fragilidade encontrada nos documentos emergiu como desafio a ser superado, a fim de melhor subsidiar o ensino-aprendizagem e qualificar a formação.

Insights and controversies on sunscreen safety.

Although sunlight provides several benefits, ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays an important role in the development of various skin damages such as erythema, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. Despite cells having endogenous defense systems, damaged DNA may not be efficiently repaired at chronic exposure. In this sense, it is necessary to use artificial defense strategies such as sunscreen formulations. UV filters should scatter, reflect, or absorb solar UV radiation in order to prevent direct or indirect DNA lesions. However, the safety of UV filters is a matter of concern due to several controversies reported in literature, such as endocrine alterations, allergies, increased oxidative stress, phototoxic events, among others. Despite these controversies, the way in which sunscreens are tested is essential to ensure safety. Sunscreen regulation includes mandatory test for phototoxicity, but photogenotoxicity testing is not recommended as a part of the standard photosafety testing program. Although available photobiological tests are still the first approach to assess photosafety, they are limited. Some existing tests do not always provide reliable results, mainly due to limitations regarding the nature of the assessed phototoxic effect, cell UV sensitivity, and the irradiation protocols. These aspects bring queries regarding the safety of sunscreen wide use and suggest the demand for the development of robust and efficient in vitro screening tests to overcome the existing limitations. In this way, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has stood out as a promising model to fill the gaps in photobiology and to complete the mandatory tests enabling a more extensive and robust photosafety assessment.

A fenomenologia como base epistemológica e ética do movimento desalienista na frança e no Brasil / Phenomenology as an ethical and epistemological basis of the desalienist movement in france and in Brazil / La fenomenología como base epistemológica y ética del movimiento desalienista en francia y en Brasil

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a fenomenologia como base epistemológica e ética do movimento desalienista da psicoterapia institucional na França e da Reforma Psiquiátrica no Brasil. Descrevemos estes dois movimentos e os principais nomes que fizeram parte de suas histórias em interlocução com a fenomenologia, refletindo sobre como esta pode ser considerada uma base para a prática de profissionais da saúde mental inseridos neste contexto que está em plena transformação. (Re)discutir tais bases nos parece de fundamental importância para reafirmar o sentido epistemológico e ético necessário que fundamenta ambos os processos. Concluímos que a fenomenologia se apresentou e ainda se apresenta como uma via de questionamento das práticas em saúde mental e oferece o fundamento para se pensar uma prática que busca o encontro com os sujeitos, e não somente com a doença mental, e para o processo de desinstitucionalização dos doentes mentais.

This article aims to present the phenomenology as the epistemological and ethical basis of the desalienist movement of institutional psychotherapy in France and the Psychiatric Reform in Brazil. We describe these two movements and the main names that were part of their stories in interlocution with phenomenology, reflecting on how this can be considered a basis for the practice of mental health professionals inserted in this context that is in full transformation. To discuss such bases seems to us to have a fundamental importance in order to reaffirm the necessary epistemological and ethical sense that underlies both processes. We conclude that phenomenology has been presented and still presents itself as a way of questioning mental health practices and offers the basis to think of a practice that seeks the encounter with the subjects and not only with the mental illness, as well as the process of deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la fenomenología como base epistemológica y ética del movimiento desalienista de la psicoterapia institucional en Francia y de la Reforma Psiquiátrica en Brasil. Describimos estos dos movimientos y los principales nombres que formaron parte de sus historias en interlocución con la fenomenología, reflexionando sobre cómo ésta puede ser considerada una base para la práctica de profesionales de la salud mental insertados en este contexto que está en plena transformación. (Re)discutir tales bases nos parece de fundamental importancia para reafirmar el sentido epistemológico y ético necesario que fundamenta ambos procesos. Concluimos que la fenomenología se presentó y aún se presenta como una vía de cuestionamiento de las prácticas en salud mental y ofrece el fundamento para pensar una práctica que busca el encuentro con los sujetos y no sólo con la enfermedad mental y para el proceso de desinstitucionalización de los enfermos mentales.

Additive manufacturing of titanium alloy could modify the pathogenic microbial profile: an in vitro study.

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging process for biomaterials and medical devices. Direct Laser Metal Sintering (DLMS) is an AM technique used to fabricate Ti-6Al-4V implant materials with enhanced surface-related properties compared with wrought samples; thus, this technique could influence microbial adsorption and colonization. Therefore, this in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the impact of different implant production processes on microbial adhesion of periodontal pathogens. Titanium discs produced using two different processes-conventional and AM-were divided into three groups: conventional titanium discs with machined surface (G1), AM titanium discs with chemical treatment (G2) and AM titanium discs without chemical treatment (G3). Subgingival biofilm composed of 32 species was formed on the titanium discs, and positioned vertically in 96-well plates, for 7 days. The proportions of microbial complexes and the microbial profiles were analyzed using a DNA-DNA hybridization technique, and data were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunnett tests (p < 0.05). Lower proportions of the red complex species were observed in the biofilm formed in G2 compared with that in G1 (p < 0.05). Moreover, the proportions of the microbial complexes were similar between G2 and G3 (p > 0.05). Compared with G1, G2 showed reduced levels of Porphyromonas gingvalis , Actinomyces gerencseriae, and Streptococcus intermedius , and increased levels of Parvimonas micra , Actinomyces odontolyticus, and Eikenella corrodens (p < 0.05). The microbial profile of G3 did not differ from G1 and G2 (p > 0.05). The results of this in vitro study showed that titanium discs produced via AM could alter the microbial profile of the biofilm formed around them. Further clinical studies should be conducted to confirm these findings.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as bioindicators for titanium dioxide sunscreen photoprotective and photomutagenic assessment.

Although several short-term assays are available for cosmetic photosafety assessment, cell models are usually highly sensitive to UV radiation, tending to overestimate both phototoxic and photomutagenic risks. In addition, these assays are performed with UV doses/fluences that do not correspond to actual environmental conditions. In this sense, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has already proved to be an interesting tool to predict photomutagenic potential of several compounds, including sunscreens. Yeast can support environmental UVB doses compatible with human daily sunlight exposure, allowing the use of irradiation sources to faithfully mimic the external conditions of ambient sunlight. Herein, we used a set of S. cerevisiae mutant strains sensitive to UVA, UVB and Solar Simulated Light sources in order to evaluate their potential as bioindicators for sunscreen development. The bioindicator potential of the strains was tested with the widely-used titanium dioxide inorganic sunscreen. The AWP001 (yno1) and LPW002 (ogg1yno1) strains obtained in this study stood out as promising experimental tools for the validation of this assay. Overall, our results evidenced a set of S. cerevisiae strains particularly useful for evaluating both photoprotective (efficacy) and photo/antiphotomutagenic (safety) potential of UV filters, meeting the industries and regulatory agencies demand for robust and efficient in vitro screening tests.

Photoprotection assessment of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves extract standardized to oleuropein: In vitro and in silico approach for improved sunscreens.

Olive leaves contain higher amount of polyphenols than olive oil and represent a waste product from olive harvest and pruning of olive trees. The most abundant compound in olive leaves is oleuropein. Benefits of the topical application of olive leaves extract were previously reported, but little information is available on its photoprotective potential and the result of the association of this extract with organic UV filters in topical sunscreen formulations. The olive leaves extract photoprotective potential is less explored for both oral and topical photoprotection in comparison with other plants extracts and polyphenols, such as Polypodium leucotomos extract and resveratrol. There are increasing efforts towards developing more efficient sunscreens and a photoprotection assessement along with a better understanding of the photochemistry of naturally occurring sunscreens could aid the design of new and improved commercial sunscreen formulations. This study was designed to investigate the photoprotective potential of olive leaves extract standardized for oleuropein performing a set of in vitro and in silico tools as an innovative approach, highlighting yeast assays, in vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and molecular modelling studies of UV absorption. This study supports the use of olive leaves extract for photoprotection, as an effective photoprotective, anti-mutagenic and antioxidant active, also showing a synergistic effect in association with UV filters with an improvement on in vitro SPF of sunscreen formulations.

Microbiological Decontamination of Water: Improving the Solar Disinfection Technique (SODIS) with the Use of Nontoxic Vital Dye Methylene Blue.

Rational use of water is a major challenge for governments and global organizations, with easy and inexpensive interventions being sought by communities that are not supplied with drinking water. In this context, solar disinfection (SODIS) has shown great efficiency for water disinfection. To speed up the process and improve inactivation, we studied the effects of methylene blue (MB) as a photodynamic agent because of its ability to absorb visible light (red wavelength) and generate singlet oxygen as a reactive species, thereby inactivating bacteria and viruses present in water. In this study, samples of clean mineral water were artificially contaminated with Gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis or Deinococcus radiodurans) or with Gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhimurium) and exposed to traditional SODIS or to MB-SODIS. A lethal synergistic effect was observed when cultures were illuminated in the presence of MB. The obtained results indicate that bacterial inactivation can be achieved in a much shorter time when using MB associated with SODIS treatment. Therefore, this technique was able to provide safe water for consumption through the inactivation of microorganisms in general, including pathogens and some strains resistant to the traditional SODIS procedure, thus allowing its use in areas usually less exposed to sunlight.

Trajetória histórica e características da produção científica da revista baiana de enfermagem

Objetivo: Descrever a trajetória histórica e apresentar as características da produção científica da Revista Baiana de Enfermagem no período de 1981 a 2017. Material e Método: Estudo descritivo analítico; utiliza a pesquisa histórica e técnicas bibliométricas para consubstanciar e ilustrar os processos implicados na trajetória do período estudado. Os dados foram obtidos no acervo do Núcleo de Memória da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia, no acervo físico e eletrônico da revista. Resultados: Construção de uma linha do tempo da RBE, com a primeira edição publicada em 1981, na comemoração dos 35 anos da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal da Bahia, apontava para o momento histórico da Escola, e a concretização do sonho de divulgar a produção científica da enfermagem. No período estudado, 671 artigos foram publicados, com crescimento linear no número de registros (R2= 0,5472). Os documentos eram artigos originais (64,38%; n= 432), entre outras tipologias de documentos, quanto à metodologia a maior expressividade foi a abordagem qualitativa. O periódico publicou, expressivamente, artigos da região nordeste, denotando o seu caráter regional e seu principal eixo temático a enfermagem em diversas perspectivas. Conclusão: A revista se constituiu em um grande veículo divulgador da produção científica da enfermagem nacionalmente, e principalmente para região nordeste, e já com avanços em bases de dados internacionais. Apresenta crescimento linear do número de artigos publicados que coaduna com o amadurecimento da gestão editorial e com as alterações com o cenário social, político e económicos do Brasil.

Objective: To describe the historical development and present the characteristics of the scientific production of the Revista Baiana de Enfermagem from 1981 to 2017. Material and Method: Descriptive analytical study uses historical research and bibliometric technique to validate and show the processes involved during the study period. The data were obtained from the records of the Nursing College of the Universidade Federal da Bahia, and from the journal's physical and electronic collection. Results: Journal timeline elaboration, with the first edition published in 1981 during the 35th anniversary commemoration of the School of Nursing of the Federal University of Bahia, which historical moment reflected the school's desire to contribute to the advancement of scientific production of nursing. During the period, 671 articles were published, showing linear growth in the number of records (R2 = 0.5472). The documents corresponded to original articles (64.38%; n= 432) among other types, and presented a mainly qualitative approach. The journal published, primarily, articles from the northeastern region of Brazil, indicating its regional character and its main thematic area of nursing from several perspectives. Conclusion: The journal has been an important instrument for scientific dissemination of national nursing, especially for the northeastern region, and has advanced in the indexation within international databases. The linear growth in the number of published articles is an evidence of the editorial management progress and reflects the social, political and economic changes in Brazil.

Objetivo: Describir la trayectoria histórica y presentar las características de la producción científica de la Revista Baiana de Enfermagem en el período 1981 a 2017. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo y analítico que utiliza la investigación histórica y técnicas bibliométricas para corroborar e ilustrar los procesos involucrados en la trayectoria del período estudiado. Los datos se encontraron en la colección del Centro de la Memoria de la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidade Federal da Bahia de Brasil y en la colección física y electrónica de la revista. Resultados: Construcción de una línea de tiempo de la RBE, con la primera edición publicada en 1981 en la conmemoración del 35o aniversario de la Escuela, cuyo momento histórico marchaba hacia el cumplimiento del deseo de contribuir con la difusión de la producción científica de enfermería. Durante el período de estudio se publicaron 671 artículos, con un crecimiento lineal en el número de registros (R2= 0,5472). Los documentos eran artículos originales (64,38%; n= 432), entre otras tipologías de documentos, y un enfoque mayormente cualitativo. La revista publicó, predominantemente, artículos de la región noreste, denotando el carácter regional; su eje temático principal es la enfermería en varias perspectivas. Conclusión: La revista ha sido un gran instrumento para la difusión científica de la enfermería nacional, especialmente de la región noreste y ha avanzado en la indexación en bases de datos internacionales. El crecimiento lineal del número de artículos publicados corresponde a la maduración de la gestión editorial y los cambios en el escenario social, político y económico en Brasil.

Additive manufacturing of titanium alloy could modify the pathogenic microbial profile: an in vitro study

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging process for biomaterials and medical devices. Direct Laser Metal Sintering (DLMS) is an AM technique used to fabricate Ti-6Al-4V implant materials with enhanced surface-related properties compared with wrought samples; thus, this technique could influence microbial adsorption and colonization. Therefore, this in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the impact of different implant production processes on microbial adhesion of periodontal pathogens. Titanium discs produced using two different processes—conventional and AM—were divided into three groups: conventional titanium discs with machined surface (G1), AM titanium discs with chemical treatment (G2) and AM titanium discs without chemical treatment (G3). Subgingival biofilm composed of 32 species was formed on the titanium discs, and positioned vertically in 96-well plates, for 7 days. The proportions of microbial complexes and the microbial profiles were analyzed using a DNA-DNA hybridization technique, and data were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunnett tests (p < 0.05). Lower proportions of the red complex species were observed in the biofilm formed in G2 compared with that in G1 (p < 0.05). Moreover, the proportions of the microbial complexes were similar between G2 and G3 (p > 0.05). Compared with G1, G2 showed reduced levels of Porphyromonas gingvalis , Actinomyces gerencseriae, and Streptococcus intermedius , and increased levels of Parvimonas micra , Actinomyces odontolyticus, and Eikenella corrodens (p < 0.05). The microbial profile of G3 did not differ from G1 and G2 (p > 0.05). The results of this in vitro study showed that titanium discs produced via AM could alter the microbial profile of the biofilm formed around them. Further clinical studies should be conducted to confirm these findings.