Some technical contributions to the treatment of buried penis.

Buried penis is a rare condition in which the preputial skin and the fat in the hypogastric area cause the body of the organ to be involved in such a way as to convey the impression that the patient has a micro penis. We present a few technical contributions to the surgical treatment of buried penis, suggesting modifications that may be of help in the treatment of those patients.

Effects of magnetic monopoles charge on the cracking reversal processes in artificial square ices.

In this paper we perform nanofabrication of square artificial spin ices with different lattice parameters, in order to investigate the roles of vertex excitation on the features of the system. In particular, the character of magnetic charge distribution asymmetry on the vertices are observed under magnetic hysteresis loop experiments. We then compare our results with simulation using an emergent Hamiltonian containing objects such as magnetic monopoles and dipoles in the vertices of the array (instead of the usual Hamiltonian based on the dipolar interactions among the magnetic nanoislands). All possible interactions between these objects are considered (monopole-monopole, monopole-dipole and dipole-dipole). Using realistic parameters we observe very good match between experiments and theory, which allow us to better understand the system dynamics in function of monopole charge intensity.

Evaluación toxicológica y de metales (Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn y Cd) en el sedimento del reservorio Paiva Castro en Mairiporã-SP, Brasil / Toxicological and metal evaluation (Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cd) in the sediment of Paiva Castro reservoir, in Mairiporã-SP, Brasil

El hombre ha cambiado el ambiente para sostener la demanda global de recursos naturales como el agua. La gestión de los cuerpos hídricos tiene que ser constante, con el propósito preventivo y correctivo, dependiendo del estado de antropización de cada sistema. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar la toxicidad del sedimento y los metales Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd y Cu, en el reservorio Paiva Castro, que abastece la Region Metropolitana de São Paulo. Se realizaron 2 muestreos (Mayo 2011, estación seca y Enero de 2012, estación húmeda) y se analizaron 5 puntos próximos a la captación de agua por la Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo. Se realizaron ensayos de toxicidad aguda y crónica en sedimento, a través de ensayos biológicos con el cladócero Daphnia similis y el insecto Chironomus xanthus. El tratamiento de datos se realizó con el test de Fisher (mortalidad). El nivel de asociación entre las variables en sedimento y en los test ecotoxicológicos fueron evaluados por test no-paramétricos, a través del coeficiente de correlación de Spearman's. Los resultados del presente trabajo señalaron bajas concentracones de metales en el sedimento del área de estudio y ausencia de toxicidad en los organismos ensayados. Se puede concluir que área estudiada del reservorio Paiva Castro se encuentra poco impactada por los metales, sin efectos directos sobre la calidad de vida los organismos bentónicos: D. similis y C. xanthus.

Man had changed the natural environment in an attempt trying to supply the global demand for resources. The management of the hydric bodies has to be constant, with preventive and corrective purpose, depending on the eutrophization state of each one. The objective of this article was to analyze the sediment toxicity and the metals Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd and Cu, in the Paiva Castro reservoir, that supply the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. It was made 2 collections (May 2011, dry season and January 2012, wet season). It was analyzed 5 points next to the water captation station by the Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo. The sediment was analyzed as for acute and chronic toxicity through bioassays with the cladocerans Daphnia similis and the insect Chironomus xanthus. Data treatment was done with Fisher Exact Test (mortality). The association level between the variables in sediment and ecotoxicological tests was available in non-parametric tests, through the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Oriented on the results presented in this work, pointing low concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments presented in the collect local, and the absence of toxicity, we can say that at this reservoir, at least in the collect area, it's low impacted, not implicating in direct interferences in the quality of life of benthonic organisms.

Patrones de excreción urinaria de Sodio en población adulta en muestras de orina espontánea / Urinary sodium excretion patterns in adult population in spot urine samples

Introducción: El presente estudio describe los patrones de natriuresis según las características clínicas y sociodemográficas en una población adulta de Asunción. Métodos: Estudio transversal tipo encuesta y toma de muestra de orina a personas que acudieron al Mercado de Abasto y al Policlínico Municipal durante los meses de junio-setiembre del 2014. Se estimó natriuria en muestras de orina espontánea a primera hora de la mañana y en ayunas. Se incluyeron sujetos de 18 a 65 años. Se compararon las medianas de los valores de natriuria en mmol/L, utilizándose el test U de Mann-Whitney para comparar las variables de dos categorías y Kruskal-Wallis para las que tienen más de dos categorías. Resultados: Se aplicó la encuesta y se tomó muestra de orina a 463 personas. El 69,5% (322) eran mujeres. La media de edad fue 50,5 años (DE: 14,2). El 26,6% (123) negó antecedentes patológicos. La mediana de natriuria global fue 97,5 mmol/L (RIC: 59,3­139,3). Los niveles de natriuria no presentaron diferencias por sexo. Las personas menores de 30 años, con bajo consumo de verduras y mayor consumo de frituras presentaron valores de natriuria altos y estadísticamente significativos. El grupo de sujetos sanos mostró mayor excreción de sodio que los que refirieron diabetes o hipertensión arterial. Conclusiones: La mayor excreción de sodio en orina observada se presenta en personas jóvenes, sin antecedentes patológicos y, al mismo tiempo son los que también presentan los peores hábitos alimenticios. Estos resultados muestran la necesidad de intervención en el ámbito de la salud pública a fin de prevenir la patología cardiovascular y renal del futuro.

Introduction: The present study describes natriuresis patterns according to clinical and sociodemographic characteristics in adult population of Asuncion. Methods: Cross-sectional study of convenience sampling to people who attended the Mercado de Abasto and the Municipal Polyclinic during June to September 2014. People from 18 to 65 years old were included. Sodium was estimated from urine samples of spot urine taken in the morning and fasting. Median values of natriuresis in mmol/L were compared using the test Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis. Results: 463 people participated. 69.5% (322) were women. The mean age was 50.5 years (SD 14.2). 26.6% (123) denied pathological medical history. The median overall natriuresis was 97.5 mmol/L (IQR: 59.3-139.3). Natriuresis levels did not differ by sex. High values with statistically significant were presented in people under 30 years old, with low consumption of vegetables and increased consumption of fried food. The group of healthy subjects showed increased sodium excretion than those who reported diabetes or high blood pressure. Conclusions: The increased natriuresis occurs in young people without having pathological medical history and also having the worst eating habits. Public health policies must focus at this level to prevent future cardiovascular and renal disease it is at this level where public health must intervene to prevent future cardiovascular and renal disease.

Epidemiologia de la obesidad en el Paraguay / Epidemiology of obesity in Paraguay

Introducción: Paraguay no escapa a la epidemia global de obesidad. Este estudio describió la prevalencia y los determinantes sociodemográficos, clínicos y conductuales asociados en el país. Métodos: Estudio transversal tipo encuesta poblacional con representatividad nacional, incluyó personas entre edades de 15 y 74 años. El muestreo fue probabilístico, trietápico sin reemplazo. STEPSwise fue la metodología y encuesta aplicada durante junio-setiembre 2011. Se consideró obesidad un índice de masa (IMC) corporal >=30. Este valor se distribuyó según las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y conductuales. Por regresión logística se estimó asociación entre las variables, en odd ratios (OR) con intervalos de confianza del 95%(IC95%). Resultados: Se incluyeron 2501 participantes. Fueron obesos 23,5% de la población, 20,2% y 26,0% hombres y mujeres, respectivamente. Además del sexo, mostraron diferencias significativas: tener >35 años 3,17(2,11-4,76) que los menores; hombres con residencia urbana 1,94(1,35-2,79) veces más que los del área rural. Los hombres en pareja 2,52(1,80-3,53) veces más obesos que los solteros; funcionario público 2,57(1,57-4,26) veces más que otros trabajos. Baja actividad física presentó obesidad 1,75(1,19-2,57) veces más que tener una actividad física mínimamente aceptable. En hombres el quintil de ingreso superior presentó 3,87(2,17-6,92) más obesidad que el quintil inferior. En mujeres el bajo nivel educativo es 2,01(1,43-2,83) veces más que un mayor nivel. Conclusiones: El patrón observado de la distribución de la obesidad describe entornos y conductas más obesogénicos que otros en Paraguay. Estos resultados sirven para tomar decisiones e intervenciones específicas en salud pública, más allá de las medidas poblacionales.

Introduction: Paraguay has not escaped from the global epidemic of obesity. This study described the prevalence and socio-demographic, clinical and behavioral determinants associated to obesity. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a nationally representative survey, included people among 15 and 74 years old. The sampling was probabilistic, three-stage without replacement. STEPSwise was the methodology and survey applied during June-September 2011. Obesity was considered a body mass index (BMI) >=30 kg/m2. This value was distributed by sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral variables. A logistic regression among obesity and variables was estimated for obtain odd ratios (OR) with confidence intervals of 95% (95% CI) of association. Results: 2501 participants were included. Were obese 23.5%, men and women were 20.2% and 26.0%, respectively. In addition to gender, showed significant differences: >35 years-old 3.17(2.11-4.76) than younger; men in urban residence 1.94(1.35-2.79) odds more than those in rural areas. No single men 2.52(1.80-3.53) odds more obese than single; civil servants 2.57(1.57-4.26) odds more than other jobs. Low physical activity 1.75(1.19-2.57) odds were more obese than a acceptable physical activity. In mans with the top income quintile showed 3.87(2.17-6.92) more obesity than the bottom quintile. In women, low educational level was 2.01(1.43-2.83) odds more than a higher. Conclusions: The observed pattern of obesity distribution in Paraguay described some behaviors and obesogenic environments. These results serve to take decisions and specific interventions in public health, beyond the population measures.

Evolutionary pattern of reemerging influenza B/Victoria lineage viruses in São Paulo, Brazil, 1996-2012: Implications for vaccine composition strategy.

Since the 1980s, 2 antigenically distinct influenza B lineages have cocirculated in the world: B/Victoria/2/87 (first appeared in the 1980s) and B/Yamagata/16/88 (became predominant in the 1990s). B/Victoria/2/87 isolates were geographically restricted to eastern Asia during 1991-2000. During 2000-2001 and 2001-2002, B/Victoria/2/87 isolates reemerged in North America, Europe, and South America, and then spread globally. During influenza virus surveillance, season 2002, an outbreak of acute respiratory illness, which quickly spread among the population, has been notified by public health authorities living in Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. Instituto Adolfo Lutz and Secretariat of Health of São Paulo state teams initiate an investigation towards to describe the pattern of infection in this population temporally and by age and to characterize the strains by virus isolation and hemagglutination inhibition assay. The outbreak lasted approximately 10 weeks; many cases occurred between mid-August and mid-September. Children younger than 13 years were the most affected; the elderly were mostly immune to infection. Analysis of the clinical respiratory samples helped in identifying the B/Hong Kong/330/2001 and B/Brisbane/32/2002 subtypes-recent variants of B/Victoria/02/88, a lineage restricted to Southeast Asia until 2001. The Araraquara outbreak confirms the reemergence of the B/Victoria viruses in South America and highlights the importance of monitoring local circulating strains, especially in light of the absence of cross-protection between antigenically distinct influenza lineages. Based on influenza virus surveillance, public health authorities worldwide should decide whether trivalent vaccines or quadrivalent vaccines (containing both influenza virus B lineages) are to be used in each country.

Influenza virus A(H3N2) strain isolated from cerebrospinal fluid from a patient presenting myelopathy post infectious.

BACKGROUND: Neurological involvement during influenza infection has been described during epidemics and is often consistent with serious sequelae or death. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the etiologic agent involved in myelopathy post influenza-like syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: This investigation focuses on virus isolation from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from a 19-year-old male student presenting with clinical diagnosis of myelopathy post influenza-like syndrome. To achieve this goal, different cell cultures and molecular methodologies were carried out. RESULTS: Influenza virus A(H3N2) strain was isolated in MDCK cell culture; virus particles were observed under electron microscopy. Phylogenetics analyses showed that the Brazilian influenza A(H3N2) strains were closely related to the A/Perth/16/2009-like. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that influenza virus A(H3N2) strain was the cause of illness of the students. According to the Brazilian influenza virus sentinel surveillance data A/Perth/16/2009-LIKE (H3N2) strain has predominated during the 2010 influenza virus season in Brasília-DF.

Evolutionary pattern of reemerging influenza B/Victoria Lineage Viruses in São Paulo, Brazil, 1996-2012: Implications for vaccine composition strategy

Since the 1980s, 2 antigenically distinct influenza B lineages have cocirculated in the world: B/ Victoria/2/87 (first appeared in the 1980s) and B/Yamagata/16/88 (became predominant in the 1990s). B/Victoria/2/87 isolates were geographically restricted to eastern Asia during 1991­ 2000. During 2000­2001 and 2001­2002, B/ Victoria/2/87 isolates reemerged in North America, Europe, and South America, and then spread globally. During influenza virus surveillance, season 2002, an outbreak of acute respiratory illness, which quickly spread among the population, has been notified by public health authorities living in Araraquara, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil. Instituto Adolfo Lutz and Secretariat of Health of Sa˜o Paulo state teams initiate an investigation towards to describe the pattern of infection in this population temporally and by age and to characterize the strains by virus isolation and hemagglutination inhibition assay. The outbreak lasted approximately 10 weeks; many cases occurred between mid-August and mid-September. Children younger than 13 years...(AU)

Clinical outcome after acute ischaemic stroke: the influence of restless legs syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: the objective was to evaluate the presence of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) in acute stroke, its association with sleep disturbances and clinical outcome during long-term follow-up. METHODS: this was a longitudinal study (N = 96, 59 men, mean age 64.0 ± 8.9) of cases with acute ischaemic stroke. Patients were asked about the occurrence of RLS symptoms before the cerebrovascular event. RLS was diagnosed using the criteria established by the International RLS Study Group. Stroke outcome was estimated by the Barthel Index and the modified Rankin Scale. Daytime somnolence (Epworth Sleepiness Scale -ESS > 10), poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index -PSQI > 5) and risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (Berlin questionnaire) were evaluated. RESULTS: twelve patients (12.5%) met the diagnostic criteria for RLS. All cases had symptoms of RLS before stroke. However, none of the cases had a previous medical diagnosis of RLS or were on use of specific medication. In only one case, a family history of RLS was found. In all patients, RLS symptoms started after the age of 40 (mean age 64 ± 6.7). Daytime sleepiness (44.8%) and poor quality sleep (62.8%) were present. Patients with RLS (12.5%) presented greater neck circumference (P = 0.04) and worse sleep quality (P = 0.007). Risk of OSA (56.2%) was associated with hypertension [OR = 0.12; CI=0.03-0.42]. Stroke outcome was significantly worse at three and 12 months (ancova, P < 0.005) in patients with RLS, remaining after adjustment for diabetes and body mass index (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: patients with acute stroke and RLS have worse clinical outcome, at three and 12 months of follow-up.

Mutagenic potential of water from Pelotas Creek in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Water resource degradation is one of mankind's greatest worries, as it causes direct and indirect damage to the associated biota. We initiated a water monitoring study in Pelotas Creek in 2003 in order to assess the mutagenic effect of the creek's waters. Allium cepa cells exposed to water samples and a chronically exposed macrophyte were analyzed, through evaluation of the mitotic index, mitotic anomalies, interphase anomalies, and total anomalies. Five points were chosen along the lower course of Pelotas Creek, from which water samples and floating pennywort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides, Apiaceae) were collected in 2006 and 2007. The enteric bacterium Escherichia coli was found at all sampling points; in the physical-chemical analysis, a few variables exceeded permitted limits, pH (from 6 to 9), chloride (250 mg/L), hardness (from 10 to 200 mg CaCO(3)/L), and conductivity (100 microOmega/cm). There was an increased number of cytogenetic anomalies in exposed A. cepa cells and in the pennywort in 2006 relative to 2007, which may be explained by the increased rainfall, which was three times greater in 2007 at some stations than in 2006.Omega/cm). There was an increased number of cytogenetic anomalies in exposed A. cepa cells and in the pennywort in 2006 relative to 2007, which may be explained by the increased rainfall, which was three times greater in 2007 at some stations than in 2006.

Structural properties of lipid reconstructs and lipid composition of normotensive and hypertensive rat vascular smooth muscle cell membranes

Multiple cell membrane alterations have been reported to be the cause of various forms of hypertension. The present study focuses on the lipid portion of the membranes, characterizing the microviscosity of membranes reconstituted with lipids extracted from the aorta and mesenteric arteries of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive control rat strains (WKY and NWR). Membrane-incorporated phospholipid spin labels were used to monitor the bilayer structure at different depths. The packing of lipids extracted from both aorta and mesenteric arteries of normotensive and hypertensive rats was similar. Lipid extract analysis showed similar phospholipid composition for all membranes. However, cholesterol content was lower in SHR arteries than in normotensive animal arteries. These findings contrast with the fact that the SHR aorta is hyporeactive while the SHR mesenteric artery is hyperreactive to vasopressor agents when compared to the vessels of normotensive animal strains. Hence, factors other than microviscosity of bulk lipids contribute to the vascular smooth muscle reactivity and hypertension of SHR. The excess cholesterol in the arteries of normotensive animal strains apparently is not dissolved in bulk lipids and is not directly related to vascular reactivity since it is present in both the aorta and mesenteric arteries. The lower cholesterol concentrations in SHR arteries may in fact result from metabolic differences due to the hypertensive state or to genes that co-segregate with those that determine hypertension during the process of strain selection.

Structural properties of lipid reconstructs and lipid composition of normotensive and hypertensive rat vascular smooth muscle cell membranes.

Multiple cell membrane alterations have been reported to be the cause of various forms of hypertension. The present study focuses on the lipid portion of the membranes, characterizing the microviscosity of membranes reconstituted with lipids extracted from the aorta and mesenteric arteries of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive control rat strains (WKY and NWR). Membrane-incorporated phospholipid spin labels were used to monitor the bilayer structure at different depths. The packing of lipids extracted from both aorta and mesenteric arteries of normotensive and hypertensive rats was similar. Lipid extract analysis showed similar phospholipid composition for all membranes. However, cholesterol content was lower in SHR arteries than in normotensive animal arteries. These findings contrast with the fact that the SHR aorta is hyporeactive while the SHR mesenteric artery is hyperreactive to vasopressor agents when compared to the vessels of normotensive animal strains. Hence, factors other than microviscosity of bulk lipids contribute to the vascular smooth muscle reactivity and hypertension of SHR. The excess cholesterol in the arteries of normotensive animal strains apparently is not dissolved in bulk lipids and is not directly related to vascular reactivity since it is present in both the aorta and mesenteric arteries. The lower cholesterol concentrations in SHR arteries may in fact result from metabolic differences due to the hypertensive state or to genes that co-segregate with those that determine hypertension during the process of strain selection.

Comparative phylogenetic study of Stichotrichia (Alveolata: Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) based on 18S-rDNA sequences.

Since molecular phylogenies of stichotrich ciliates started to be published, some remarkable contradictions to morphology-based classifications have been reported, such as the Convergent Evolution of Urostylids and Uroleptids (CEUU) hypothesis, the Halteria paradox, the polyphyly of Oxytricha and of Stichotrichia. We hypothesized the internal phylogeny of 18S-rDNA from 53 morphological species of stichotrichs and their relationships with Hypotrichia and Oligotrichia using parsimony and neighbor-joining methods, including new data from Pseudouroleptus caudatus and Strongylidium pseudocrassum. Competing phylogenetic scenarios were compared using statistical tests, and the results suggest the reconsideration of both CEUU and the position of Halteria among flexible-body oxytrichids. The polyphyly of Oxytricha was not rejected and the monophyly of Stichotrichia was accepted based on parsimony analysis if Pseudoamphisiella is considered an external (discocephalid related) taxon.

Increasing mutagenicity of São Gonçalo Channel waters based on the Allium cepa test.

The São Gonçalo Channel is of great importance to the conservation of local biodiversity; it also is a water supply source of the city of Pelotas, Brazil, and the surrounding region. We examined the mutagenic activity of its waters. The following items were seasonally investigated in Allium cepa root radicular meristem cells: mitotic index, mitotic anomalies, interphase anomalies, and total anomalies. Water samples were collected from four different stations, Lock Dam, Santa Bárbara Channel, Pelotas Creek, and Barra do Laranjal. A drinking water negative control was used. For each sampling station, 8000 cells were counted, 2000 of which by repetition. The data were computed on a database (SPSS), and then analyzed by the chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. In 2005, the channel water provoked a significantly greater number of anomalies than the control water. The number of anomalies increased in 2007. This suggests that there was an increase in toxic substances in the channel over the years.

Traumatic neuroma of the lower lip.

Traumatic neuroma is a rare disorder that represents a reactive proliferation of neural tissue following damage to an adjacent nerve. Clinically, oral lesions usually appear as a nodule of normal or grayish white smooth surface colouration, and patients may complain of pain as a frequent symptom. We report a case of a painless lower lip traumatic neuroma, clinically misdiagnosed as lipoma, in a 24-year-old Caucasian woman. On intraoral examination, a yellowish and smooth sessile, well-delimited, painless, nodular lesion measuring 10 mm x 7 mm x 4 mm in size was observed on the mucosal lower lip. An excisional biopsy was performed and the final diagnosis was traumatic neuroma. After 18 months of follow-up, the patient is asymptomatic and there are no signs of recurrence.

Evolution of the SEC1 gene in New World monkey lineages (Primates, Platyrrhini).

The structure and evolution of the SEC1 gene were examined for the first time in New World primates of the genera Alouatta, Aotus, Ateles, Brachyteles, Callicebus, Callithrix, Cebus, Chiropotes, Lagothrix, Leontopithecus, Pithecia, Saguinus, and Saimiri. This gene has a high CG content (63.8%) and an estimated heterogeneous size ranging from 795 (Callithrix) to 1041 bp (Pithecia), due to numerous indel events. Similar to other fucosyltransferases, three conserved regions are shared by these primates, except for the callitrichines, Aotus and Pithecia, in which indel events resulted in premature stop codons that are related to the production of a supposedly non-functional protein. Phylogenetic analysis of the SEC1 gene, transition/transversion rates, and nucleotide sequence alignment support the hypothesis that primate SEC1 evolved by divergent evolution, and that the lack of activity in some lineages occurred independently at least twice in New World primates, once in the Aotus-Cebus-Callitrichinae group and again in Pithecia. Likelihood-based inference of ancestral states for the activity of SEC1 leads us to suppose that inactivation of SEC1 in the Callitrichinae was a result of a more complex series of events than in Pithecia.

Detection of a new mumps virus genotype during parotitis epidemic of 2006-2007 in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Nucleotide sequence analyses of the SH gene of 18 mumps virus isolates collected in the 2006-2007 parotitis epidemic in the state of São Paulo identified a new genotype, designated genotype M. This new designation fulfills all the parameters required to define a new mumps virus genotype. The parameters were established by an expert panel in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2005. This information will enhance the mumps virus surveillance program both at the national and global levels.

Treatment of an ECF effluent by combined use of activated sludge and advanced oxidation process.

The combined biological and chemical treatments of the cellulose effluents have been studied aiming to promote a more significant degradation of their recalcitrant compounds and to reduce their toxicity, as compared with the isolated treatments. In this work the effluent from acid stages of the ECF bleaching of Eucalyptus urograndis pulp was treated by using separately activated sludge and UV radiation and its combination. The treatment efficiency was evaluated by colour, total phenol, COD, BOD, UV spectroscopy, molar weight distribution and toxicity. The untreated effluent presented 587 +/- 18 CU, 19.3 +/- 0.6 mg.L(-1) of total phenol, 2246 +/- 137 mgO2.L(-1) of COD and 904 +/- 48 mgO2.L(-1) of BOD. It did not show acute toxicity to Escherichia coli, but presented chronic toxicity to Selenastrum capricornutum (EC50 = 25%). The sludge treatment resulted in a colour increasing of 42% and decreasing of total phenol, COD and BOD of 33%, 64% and 92%, respectively. The UV radiation treatment for 120 min resulted in a decrease of colour, total phenol, BOD and COD of 70%, 43%, 62% and 43%, respectively. The combined treatment promoted an expressive decrease for colour and total phenol. The UV absorption indicated a degradation of the aromatic compounds. The biological treatment did not remove chronic toxicity and after UV radiation treatment, a 10 times improving toxicity was noticed.

Ciliate protists from Cabiúnas Lagoon (Restinga de Jurubatiba, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro) with emphasis on water quality indicator Species and description of Oxytricha marcili sp. n.

We found 34 species of ciliate protists in the samples collected by the margins of Cabiúnas Lagoon during 2001. The ciliates were cultivated in the laboratory, where they were examined in vivo and identified through silver impregnation techniques. A new species, Oxytricha marcili (Ciliophora, Oxytrichidae), was found and characterized as follows: in vivo length about 60-80 microm x 30-40 microm wide; on average 22 adoral membranelles; 18 left marginal cirri; 18 right marginal cirri; and 3 small caudal cirri. All specimens analyzed presented 7 frontal cirri (3 anterior + 4 posterior), 1 buccal cirrus, 4 ventral cirri (3 postoral + 1 pre-transverse), and 5 transverse cirri. Among the species found, some are considered as water quality indicators ranging from alpha-mesosaprobity to polysaprobity and isosaprobity.

Ciliate protists from Cabiúnas Lagoon (Restinga de Jurubatiba, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro) with emphasis on water quality indicator species and description of Oxytricha marcili sp. n

Foram encontradas 34 espécies de protistas ciliados nas amostras coletadas nas margens da lagoa de Cabiúnas em 2001. Os ciliados foram cultivados em laboratório, onde foram examinados in vivo e identificados por meio de técnicas de impregnação pela prata. Uma nova espécie, Oxytricha marcili (Ciliophora, Oxytrichidae), foi encontrada e caracterizada. Mede, in vivo, aproximadamente 60-80 mm de comprimento por 30-40 mm de largura. Apresenta em média 22 membranelas adorais, 18 cirros marginais esquerdos, 18 cirros marginais direitos e 3 cirros caudais de dimensões reduzidas. Todos os espécimes analisados apresentam 7 cirros frontais (3 anteriores + 4 posteriores), 1 cirro bucal, 4 cirros ventrais (3 pós-orais + 1 pré-transverso) e 5 cirros transversos. Dentre as espécies identificadas, algumas são consideradas indicadoras de qualidades de água que variam de alfa-mesossaprobidade a polissaprobidade e isossaprobidade.