Women's futsal at a Brazilian university: does the academic social environment influence prejudices against the players?

Abstract Aim: Prejudice against women's futsal players is reported in the literature. The perception of prejudice in university futsal may be lower due to the higher educational level of the players and a more open-minded context. This study aimed to describe the experience of young women university futsal players and to explore their perspective on gender prejudice in that sports practice. Methods: Ten women university futsal players (aged 18 to 30 years old) were interviewed. Data were produced and analyzed following a grounded theory approach. Results: The results showed that the athletes perceived they suffered gender prejudice for playing futsal, however, in the university context this was attenuated. The participants experienced diversified practice before specializing in futsal and felt that the support of male family members and friends was important to their engagement in futsal and soccer in childhood and adolescence. However, they also suffered from prejudice against their futsal practice coming from family and friends, struggling with the constant association between futsal practice and hegemonic masculinity. Conclusion: The participants of this study perceived less prejudice in university women's futsal in comparison to other sports contexts. Thus, the university context may have the potential to boost the practice of futsal among women.

Valores normativos del consumo de oxígeno máximo en las personas mayores de los centros día de la ciudad de Tunja, Colombia / Normative values of maximum oxygen consumption in the elderly in day centers of the city of Tunja, Colombia

Objetivo Determinar los valores normativos de consumo de oxígeno en personas mayores de los centros de día de la ciudad de Tunja, Colombia. Materiales y métodos Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal con un tamaño muestral de 121 participantes, a los cuales se les aplicó el protocolo de Bruce modificado para determinar el consumo de oxígeno, construyendo a partir de estos resultados la distribución percentílica mediante el método de mínimos cuadrados, a través del software estadístico R Studio®. Resultados El promedio de edad de los participantes fue de 70,98 ± 8,8 años, prevaleció el género femenino y la presencia de comorbilidades. Se encontró en los resultados una relación inversa entre la edad y el VO2máx, evidenciando que a mayor edad menor es el consumo de oxígeno (p < 0,05; Rho -0,42). Conclusiones Se presenta un modelo de normalización para el consumo de oxígeno dado en MET y en mL/kg/min, proporcionando estándares a nivel nacional y regional de valores de referencia válidos para las personas mayores, siendo aplicable en los procesos de evaluación e intervención (AU)

Objective To determine the normative values of oxygen consumption in older adults in the day centres of the city of Tunja, Colombia. Materials and methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample size of 121 participants, to whom the modified Bruce protocol was applied to determine oxygen consumption, building from these results the percentile distribution using the method of least squares, through R Studio® statistical software. Results The average age of the participants was 70.98 ± 8.8 years, the female gender and the presence of comorbidities prevailed. An inverse relationship between age and VO2 max was found in the results, showing that the older the age, the lower the oxygen consumption (p < 0.05; Rho -0.42). Conclusions A normalization model for oxygen consumption given in MET and in mL/kg/min is presented, providing standards at the national and regional level valid reference values for the elderly, being applicable in evaluation and intervention processes (AU)

Riesgo cardiovascular y factores asociados en docentes de una institución universitaria / Cardiovascular risk and associated factors in university teachers

Objetivo El propósito de esta investigación se basó en identificar los factores que se asocian al riesgo cardiovascular en docentes de una universidad privada de Colombia. Materiales y métodos Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-transversal con fase analítica. Se realizó un muestreo probabilístico por fijación proporcional con docentes de tiempo completo, con un número de participantes de 104 docentes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados Con la participación de 55 mujeres (52,9%) y de 49 hombres (47,1%), se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa con la variable edad (p=0,001) con un OR 0,351; y con el índice de masa corporal (p=0,000) con un OR 6,071 estableciendo que existe seis veces la probabilidad de padecer una enfermedad cardiovascular por alteración del índice de masa corporal. Conclusión El índice de masa corporal es una variable constante en cuanto a la relación con la aparición de enfermedades cardiovasculares, lo cual refleja el estilo de vida de los individuos (AU)

Objective The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with cardiovascular risk in teachers in a private university in Colombia. Materials and methods We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical phase. Probabilistic sampling was performed by proportional fixation with 104 full-time teachers who met the inclusion criteria. Results There were 55 women (52.9%) and 49 men (47.1%). A statistically significant relationship was found with age (p=.001) with an OR 0.351, and with body mass index (p=.000) with an OR 6.071, establishing that altered body mass index conferred a 6-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Conclusion Body mass index is a constant variable in terms of the relationship with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease, which reflects individuals’ lifestyle (AU)

Nivel de escolaridad en padres y condición física relacionada con la salud en niños y adolescentes / Schooling level in parents and health-related fitness in children and adolescents

Introducción La actividad física es un factor de primera magnitud que influye en la salud y la condición física en los adultos. Contextos como el familiar, escolar e incluso el área residencial influyen en las características específicas de la vida cotidiana de los niños y contribuye directamente en la salud y en el estilo de vida durante la etapa adulta. Objetivo Determinar la asociación entre la condición física relacionada con la salud y el nivel educativo de los padres de familia de los escolares de la ciudad de Dosquebradas Risaralda, Colombia. Materiales y método Estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal con una muestra de 339 participantes, matriculados en instituciones educativas públicas y privadas, entre la edad de 12 y 18 años. Se aplica la versión extendida de la batería ALPHA-fitness para evaluar la condición física y una entrevista semiestructurada con la cual se indagó sobre los determinantes sociales de la salud de interés para el estudio. Resultados El 60% de los escolares evaluados presentaron una condición física no saludable en tres de los cuatro componentes que evalúa la batería ALPHA Fitness encontrando asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el componente motor y muscular con el nivel educativo de los padres de los escolares (p < 0,05). Conclusiones Aproximadamente ocho de cada diez evaluados presentaron condición física no saludable, determinando que entre menor sea el nivel educativo del padre, mayor la prevalencia de condición física no saludable (AU)

Introduction Physical activity is a major factor influencing health and fitness in adults. Contexts such as family, school and even residential area influence the specific characteristics of children's daily lives and directly contribute to health and lifestyle as adults. Objective To determine the association between health-related fitness and the educational level of the parents of schoolchildren from the city of Dosquebradas Risaralda, Colombia. Materials and method A cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 339 participants, enrolled in public and private educational institutions, between the ages of 12 and 18 years. The extended version of the ALPHA-fitness battery was applied to assess fitness and a semi-structured interview with which the social determinants of health of interest for the study were investigated. Results 60% of the schoolchildren assessed presented poor physical fitness in three of the four components evaluated by the ALPHA Fitness battery, finding a statistically significant association between the motor and muscular components and the educational level of schoolchildren's parents (p < 0.05). Conclusions Approximately eight out of ten of those evaluated presented poor physical fitness, which determined that the lower the parents’ educational level, the higher the prevalence of poor fitness levels (AU)

[Cardiovascular risk and associated factors in university teachers]. / Riesgo cardiovascular y factores asociados en docentes de una institución universitaria.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with cardiovascular risk in teachers in a private university in Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical phase. Probabilistic sampling was performed by proportional fixation with 104 full-time teachers who met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: There were 55 women (52.9%) and 49 men (47.1%). A statistically significant relationship was found with age (p=.001) with an OR 0.351, and with body mass index (p=.000) with an OR 6.071, establishing that altered body mass index conferred a 6-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION: Body mass index is a constant variable in terms of the relationship with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease, which reflects individuals' lifestyle.

Vacunación BCG e inmunodeficiencias primarias: ¿es momento de un cambio? / BCG vaccine administration schedule and primary immunodeficiencies: Is it time for a change?

Resumen: Los pacientes con Inmunodeficiencias primarias (IDP) tienen un riesgo elevado de complicaciones severas por la vacuna BCG, incluso mortalidad. Es necesario evaluar periódicamente el riesgo versus beneficio de la vacunación universal BCG en el periodo neonatal. Chile es un país con baja incidencia de tuberculosis (TB) pero cuya epidemiología ha cambiado recientemente con un aumento de los casos. Cambios en esquemas de vacunación BCG en países con incidencias mayores o similares de TB y con coberturas de vacunación menores han sido posibles sin aumento de los casos graves de TB que son los que previene la BCG. El cambio ha evitado complicaciones graves en pacientes con IDP. Creemos que un análisis crítico de la fecha de vacunación BCG debe realizarse hoy en Chile. Más aún dada la posibilidad técnica de realizar screening neonatal de IDP.

Abstract: Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies (PID) are at a higher risk of developing severe morbidities and mortality due to the administration of BCG vaccine. Risk-to-benefit of universal BCG vaccina tion of newborns must be assessed periodically. Chile has a low incidence of tuberculosis (TB) but the local epidemiology has recently changed with an increase of TB cases. Changes in the BCG vaccine schedule have been made in countries with similar or higher TB incidences and lower BCG vaccine coverage, with no increase in the severe TB cases, which are prevented by BCG. These changes have prevented serious complications in PID patients. We propose a critical analysis of the BCG adminis tration date in Chile due to the technical possibility of performing neonatal PID screening.

[BCG vaccine administration schedule and primary immunodeficiencies: Is it time for a change?] / Vacunación BCG e inmunodeficiencias primarias: ¿es momento de un cambio?

Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies (PID) are at a higher risk of developing severe morbidities and mortality due to the administration of BCG vaccine. Risk-to-benefit of universal BCG vaccina tion of newborns must be assessed periodically. Chile has a low incidence of tuberculosis (TB) but the local epidemiology has recently changed with an increase of TB cases. Changes in the BCG vaccine schedule have been made in countries with similar or higher TB incidences and lower BCG vaccine coverage, with no increase in the severe TB cases, which are prevented by BCG. These changes have prevented serious complications in PID patients. We propose a critical analysis of the BCG adminis tration date in Chile due to the technical possibility of performing neonatal PID screening.

Osteolytic lesions, cytogenetic features and bone marrow levels of cytokines and chemokines in multiple myeloma patients: Role of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20.

The relationship between bone marrow (BM) cytokine and chemokine levels, cytogenetic profiles and skeletal involvement in multiple myeloma (MM) patients is not yet defined. This study investigated a cohort of 455 patients including monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS), smoldering MM and symptomatic MM patients. Skeletal surveys, positron emission tomography (PET)/computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to identify myeloma bone disease. Significantly higher median BM levels of both C-C motif Ligand (CCL)3 and CCL20 were found in MM patients with radiographic evidence of osteolytic lesions as compared with those without, and in all MM patients with positive PET/CT scans. BM levels of CCL3, CCL20, Activin-A and Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) were significantly higher in patients with high bone disease as compared with patients with low bone disease. Moreover, CCL20 BM levels were significant predictors of osteolysis on X-rays by multivariate logistic analysis. On the other hand, DKK-1 levels were related to the presence of MRI lesions independently of the osteolysis at the X-rays. Our data define the relationship between bone disease and the BM cytokine and chemokine patterns highlighting the tight relationship between CCL20 BM levels and osteolysis in MM.

Unidad de Cuidados Continuos y Paliativos del Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile / Continuous and Palliative Care Unit of Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile

Palliative care (PC) is recognized by the World Health Organization as a key component in the fight against chronic diseases and defined as “an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual.” In Chile PC has intensely developed in the last two decades and consequently has become an urgent need to establish academic centers that provide knowledge and skills necessary to ensure the quality of provided care. The Continuous and Palliative Care Unit (CPCU) of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile was raised as a project of the Medical Management and under supervision of the Internal Medicine Department. In this article we summarize the overall background and current importance of CP, the vision and mission of the CPUC as well as its structure and goals for the first 12 month of operation...

The coelomic fluid of the sea urchin Tripneustes depressus shows antiviral activity against Suid herpesvirus type 1 (SHV-1) and rabies virus (RV).

Several studies have reported that molecules extracted from invertebrates have activity against different viruses, even against those that do not infect these organisms in their environment. One of the main mechanisms against pathogens in these organisms is the production of antimicrobial peptides. The objective of this study was to determine whether the coelomic fluid (CF) of the sea urchin Tripneustes depressus has activity against Suid herpesvirus type 1 (SHV-1) and/or rabies virus (RV). We tested the antiviral activity of CF in neutralizing assays and observed 50% inhibition against SHV-1 lytic plaque formation using 33 µg of CF, whereas 21 µg CF was sufficient to obtain more than 90% inhibition for RV. Cytotoxicity to MDBK and BHK-21 cells was found with whole CF yet was eliminated by heating at 56 or 72 °C (even when using 50 µg of heat-inactivated CF supernatant [SN or thermostable fraction]), and SN retained the antiviral effect. In both cases, the antiviral effect was direct and thermostable (SN 56 and 72 °C), and the best inhibition was observed when CF + virus was incubated prior to the addition of the cells. Therefore, the coelomic fluid of T. depressus has antiviral activity against SHV-1 and RV that is direct and stable at 72 °C. We suggest that further assays should be performed using more accurate methods to characterize new molecules with antiviral activity that may result in new drugs.

Evaluation of amotosalem treated platelets over 7 days of storage with an automated cytometry assay panel.

INTRODUCTION: Pathogen Inactivation allows to overcome microbial contamination and growth related to storage of platelets concentrates (PC) at room temperature. The aim of our study was to evaluate the platelet storage lesion extending the storage period of pathogen inactivated platelet concentrates over 7 days using an automated cytometry assay panel. METHODS: We analyzed 43 concentrates subjected to pathogen inactivation (CPPI) at 3, 5 and 7 days evaluating: platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelets at low optical density, platelets at high density, GPIIb-IIIa glycoprotein, platelet microparticles, lactate dehydrogenase. The collection bags (Fenwal) and the IBS kit made in PL2410/PL2411 are approved for the conservation of PC up to 7 days. Data analysis was performed with anova test. RESULTS: All the parameters except small platelets and PMP were statistically different among day 7 vs. 3 and day 7 vs. 5. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed a progressive modification of pathogen inactivated platelet concentrates observed up to 7 days. The persistence of the secretory pool and the presence of the platelet membrane fibrinogen receptor suggest the persistence of a potential hemostatic efficacy. Clinical studies are necessary to directly correlate this type of analysis to 24 h recovery or survival of transfused platelets in humans.

Myeloma cells inhibit non-canonical wnt co-receptor ror2 expression in human bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells: effect of wnt5a/ror2 pathway activation on the osteogenic differentiation impairment induced by myeloma cells.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the impaired osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). Canonical Wnt signaling is critical for the regulation of bone formation, however, recent evidence suggests that the non-canonical Wnt agonist Wnt5a stimulates human osteoblastogenesis through its co-receptor Ror2. The effects of MM cells on non-canonical Wnt signaling and the effect of the activation of this pathway on MM-induced osteoblast exhaustion are not known and were investigated in this study. We found that the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow hMSCs toward osteoprogenitor cells (PreOB) significantly increased Ror2 expression, and that MM cells inhibit Ror2 expression by PreOB in co-culture by inhibiting the non-canonical Wnt5a signaling. The activation of the non-canonical Wnt pathway in hMSCs by means of Wnt5a treatment and the overexpression of Wnt5 or Ror2 by lentiviral vectors increased the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs and blunted the inhibitory effect of MM in co-culture. Consistently, Wnt5a inhibition by specific small interfering RNA reduced the hMSC expression of osteogenic markers. Our findings demonstrate that the Wnt5a/Ror2 pathway is involved in the pathophysiology of MM-induced bone disease and that the activation of the non-canonical Wnt5a/Ror2 pathway in hMSCs increases osteogenic differentiation and may counterbalance the inhibitory effect of MM cells.

Increased osteocyte death in multiple myeloma patients: role in myeloma-induced osteoclast formation.

The involvement of osteocytes in multiple myeloma (MM)-induced osteoclast (OCL) formation and bone lesions is still unknown. Osteocytes regulate bone remodelling at least partially, as a result of their cell death triggering OCL recruitment. In this study, we found that the number of viable osteocytes was significantly smaller in MM patients than in healthy controls, and negatively correlated with the number of OCLs. Moreover, the MM patients with bone lesions had a significantly smaller number of viable osteocytes than those without, partly because of increased apoptosis. These findings were further confirmed by ultrastructural in vitro analyses of human preosteocyte cells cocultured with MM cells, which showed that MM cells increased preosteocyte death and apoptosis. A micro-array analysis showed that MM cells affect the transcriptional profiles of preosteocytes by upregulating the production of osteoclastogenic cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-11, and increasing their pro-osteoclastogenic properties. Finally, the osteocyte expression of IL-11 was higher in the MM patients with than in those without bone lesions. Our data suggest that MM patients are characterized by a reduced number of viable osteocytes related to the presence of bone lesions, and that this is involved in MM-induced OCL formation.

Inflammatory markers are associated with inhibitory avoidance memory deficit induced by sleep deprivation in rats.

Sleep deprivation (SD) causes detrimental effects to the body, such as memory impairment and weight loss. SD also changes the concentration of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, which, in turn, can affect cognitive functioning. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of these inflammatory mediators in inhibitory avoidance memory deficit in sleep-deprived rats. Male Wistar rats were deprived of sleep by the modified multiple platform method for 96 h, while their respective controls remained in their housing cages. To assess memory after SD, all animals underwent training, followed by the inhibitory avoidance task test 24h later. Also, the weight of each animal was recorded daily. In the first experiment, animals received an acute administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 or 75 µg/kg i.p.) 3h before the inhibitory avoidance training. In the experiment 2, the animals received acute or chronic administration of anti-IL-6 antibody (Ab, 2 µg/kg i.p.). The acute administration was performed 3h before the inhibitory avoidance training, while the chronic treatment administrations were performed daily during the SD period. The 75 µg/kg dose of LPS, but not the 50 µg/kg dose, caused a significant attenuation of memory impairment in the sleep-deprived animals. Although the treatments with the anti-IL-6 Ab did not produce any significant changes in cognitive performance, the Ab attenuated weight loss in sleep-deprived animals. Taken together, these results suggest the involvement of inflammatory mediators in the modulation of memory deficit and weight loss that are observed in sleep-deprived rats.

Phantom study to evaluate contrast-medium-enhanced digital subtraction mammography with a full-field indirect-detection system.

This phantom study simulates contrast-medium-enhanced digital subtraction mammography (CEDM) and compares subtracted image quality and total mean glandular dose for two alternative spectral combinations available in a GE Senographe DS mammography unit. The first choice takes advantage of large iodine attenuation at low photon energies and uses traditionally available spectra (anode/filter combinations Mo/Mo at 25 kV and Rh/Rh at 40 kV, "Mo25-Rh40"). The second choice, selected from a previous analytical optimization, includes harder spectra obtained by adding external filtration to traditional beams (Rh/Rh at 34 kV and Rh/Rh+5 mm of Al at 45 kV, "Rh34-Rh45H"). Individual images of a custom-made phantom containing tubes of various diameters filled with water- or iodine-based contrast agent were acquired with both spectral combinations. The total breast entrance air kerma, considering subtraction of two images, was limited to 8.76 mGy (1 R). The results were compared to predictions obtained through an analytical formalism that assumes noise of stochastic origin. Individual images were evaluated and subtracted under five combinations of temporal and dual-energy modalities. Signal variance analysis in individual raw images showed important contributions of nonstochastic origin, associated with the software applied to raw images, the curved geometry, and strong attenuation of the phantom cylindrical iodine-filled tubes, causing experimental SNR to vary from 2.2 to 0.8 times the predictions from low to high values of SNR. Iodine contrast in the subtracted images was found to be mainly defined by the spectra, independent of exposure, and linearly dependent on the iodine mass thickness. The highest contrast was obtained with the combined dual-energy temporal subtraction with Rh34-Rh45H, its value was 7% larger than the highest value measured with Mo25-Rh40. As expected, temporal modalities (single and dual energy, any spectral choice) led to higher contrast-over-noise ratio (CNR) than nontemporal dual-energy subtraction, the latter being negligibly small with Mo25-Rh40. CNR for 4 mg iodine/cm2 imaged temporally in a dual-energy fashion with Rh34-Rh45H (iodine imaged at high energy) is about 1.7 times the optimum for Mo25-Rh40 (iodine imaged at low energy). Iodine thicknesses needed to fulfill Rose's criterion were 0.78 +/- 0.02 mg iodine/cm2 for Mo25-Rh40 and 0.54 +/- 0.17 mg iodine/cm2 for Rh34-Rh45H, both lower than the proposed biological concentration of iodine in breast tumors after contrast medium administration. Although similar dose levels were obtained with both spectral choices under dual-energy (temporal and nontemporal) subtraction, the dose obtained in single-energy temporal subtraction with the Mo25 spectrum was 1.2 mGy lower than the dose from the modality offering the highest CNR. In all results considered, the spectral choice Mo25-Rh40 was found to represent an interesting alternative to the use of high-energy hardened spectra for CEDM, particularly when performing dynamic studies of the contrast-agent uptake in breast lesions.

Functional characterization of eight human cytochrome P450 1A2 gene variants by recombinant protein expression.

Inter-individual variability in cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated xenobiotic metabolism is extensive. CYP1A2 is involved in the metabolism of drugs and in the bioactivation of carcinogens. The objective of this study was to functionally characterize eight polymorphic forms of human CYP1A2, namely T83M, S212C, S298R, G299S, I314V, I386F, C406Y and R456H. cDNAs of these variants were constructed and coexpressed in Escherichia coli with human NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CYPOR). All variants showed similar levels of apoprotein and holoprotein expression, except for I386F and R456H, which showed only apoprotein, and both were functionally inactive. The activity of CYP1A2 variants was investigated using 8 substrates, measuring 16 different activity parameters. The resulting heterogeneous activity data set was analyzed together with CYP1A2 wild-type (WT) form, applying multivariate analysis. This analysis indicated that variant G299S is substantially altered in catalytic properties in comparison with WT, whereas variant T83M is slightly but significantly different from the WT. Among CYP1A2 variants, out of the heterogeneous set of eight substrates, carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) was the most discriminative compound. In addition, R456 could be identified as an important residue for proper heme binding and stabilization.