RESUMEN
The paper discusses the provision of targeted health care to nuclear workers in Russia based on radiation-epidemiological estimates of cancer risks. Cancer incidence rates are analysed for the workers of the Institute of Physical Power Engineering (the first nuclear installation in the world) who were subjected to individual dosimetric monitoring from 1950 to 2002. The value of excess relative risk for solid cancers was found to be ERR Gy(-1) = 0.24 (95% CI: -4.22; 7.96). It has been shown that 81.8% of the persons covered by individual dosimetric monitoring have potential attributive risk up to 5%, and the risk is more than 10% for 3.7% of the workers. Among the detected cancer cases, 73.5% of the individuals show an attributive risk up to 5% and the risk is in excess of 10% for 3.9% of the workers. Principles for the provision of targeted health care, given voluntary health insurance, are outlined.
Asunto(s)
Atención a la Salud/organización & administración , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/epidemiología , Reactores Nucleares/estadística & datos numéricos , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud/organización & administración , Monitoreo de Radiación/estadística & datos numéricos , Protección Radiológica/métodos , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Carga Corporal (Radioterapia) , Humanos , Incidencia , Dosis de Radiación , Efectividad Biológica Relativa , Factores de Riesgo , Federación de Rusia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The draft new recommendations of the ICRP emphasize the need for transition from the collective dose to the dose matrix concept with optimization of the radiation protection system. In fact, this means assessment of the attributive (radiation-induced) risk at individual level with allowance for the dynamics of dose accumulation during the whole length of professional experience. The work provides assessments for high potential risk group from the "Mayak" personnel based on the dose matrix and using the UNSCEAR technique for assessing the attributive risk. It was found that about 2% of "Mayak" personnel subject to individual dosimetric monitoring in 2005 can be attributed to this group.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Biológicos , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/epidemiología , Exposición Profesional , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Industrias , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/etiología , Dosis de Radiación , Monitoreo de Radiación/métodos , Federación de Rusia , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Mean annual occupational exposures are reported for radiation workers at the first Russian industrial nuclear facility 'Mayak', South Ural region, for the period 1948-1988. The underlying individual doses originate from the register of the in-plant radiation safety department and are based on local film dosimetry results. Differentiation is made between personnel working at reactor and radiochemical processing plants. Verification of summed film doses is performed by means of ESR dose reconstruction using extracted teeth from selected individuals. Explanations are given for observed discrepancies between the reconstructed individual doses and original integrated film dosimetry results. The research potential of combined dose information from specific tooth enamel and dentine are shown.
Asunto(s)
Exposición Profesional , Centrales Eléctricas , Esmalte Dental/química , Esmalte Dental/efectos de la radiación , Dentina/química , Dentina/efectos de la radiación , Espectroscopía de Resonancia por Spin del Electrón/métodos , Dosimetría por Película , Radicales Libres/análisis , Radicales Libres/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Dosis de Radiación , Protección Radiológica , Radiometría/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Federación de Rusia , Estroncio/análisisRESUMEN
Mixtures of small fragments of tooth enamel as well as thermoluminescence (TL) dosimeters were placed into the tissue-equivalent phantom of the human head with skeleton (approximately at the level of the jaws) and irradiated using 137Cs low dose-rate gamma therapeutic sources ('SELEKTRON' LDR 137Cs). Phantom, samples of teeth and TL detectors were irradiated behind water tank to produce scattered irradiation. The same irradiation with the same geometry was performed in air too. For gamma-spectrometry 137Cs sources with very low activity were used but with the same geometry as therapeutic sources. The absorbed dose in enamel was estimated with the help of ESR spectrometer 'ESP-300 E' (Brucker). The samples of tooth enamel were partially used for preliminary dose evaluation by ESR signal before starting of experiment. TL dosimetry was performed by TL reader model 8800 (HARSHAW) using TL dosimeters calibrated with 137Cs. The paper presents data obtained in comparative aspects.