RESUMEN
In order to demonstrate an intake of cannabis, there are a number of rapid tests, all of them being focused on urine. In this study, we evaluated the results of six tests when applied to sweat (DrugWipe), saliva and urine (Syva Rapidtest, Biomedix, Frontline, DrugWipe, Cortez Dako). Fifty regular users of cannabis and fifty persons who denied consuming it were studied. The results obtained with DrugWipe in sweat were compared with anamnesis data, whereas results obtained in saliva and urine were compared with those of gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. The results indicate that DrugWipe may be useful for screening cannabis in sweat when the intake took place less than two hours before. The results obtained in saliva showed that none of the tests studied are reliable to be used with this medium, because of the great number of false positive and false negative results. With urine, four tests (Syva Rapidtest, Biomedix, Cortez, Dako) led to very good results and may be recommended when an immediate presumptive test result is required.
Asunto(s)
Cannabinoides/análisis , Cannabinoides/orina , Abuso de Marihuana/diagnóstico , Abuso de Marihuana/orina , Juego de Reactivos para Diagnóstico/normas , Saliva/química , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodos , Lágrimas/química , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Reacciones Falso Negativas , Reacciones Falso Positivas , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/normas , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Antidepresivos Tricíclicos/sangre , Pirrolidinas/sangre , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodos , Vasodilatadores/sangre , Adolescente , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Técnica de Inmunoensayo de Enzimas Multiplicadas , Inmunoensayo de Polarización Fluorescente/métodos , Medicina Legal/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pirrolidinas/envenenamiento , Vasodilatadores/envenenamientoRESUMEN
A rapid and specific method for the determination of iodide in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography on an anion-exchange column with electrochemical detection is described. The assay is reproducible as judged by the coefficient of variation of less than 4% at all concentrations used. The limit of detection was 0.1 mumol, and the calibration graph was linear for concentrations between 0.1 and 200 mumol. Using this method, healthy volunteers were found to excrete 69 +/- 39 mumol of iodide per mole of creatinine.
Asunto(s)
Yoduros/orina , Adulto , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Creatinina/orina , Electroquímica , Humanos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
A simple procedure for the determination of chlorophacinone in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography is reported. After addition of a suitable internal standard, unknown samples were extracted at acid pH with ethyl acetate. The reconstituted methanolic extract was directly injected into the liquid chromatograph. Separation was performed with a Lichrospher C18 5-microns column with a methanol-phosphate buffer (85:15, v/v) mobile phase. The eluent was monitored with UV detection at 286 nm. The method was found to be sufficiently rapid, reproducible, selective, and sensitive for use in clinical and experimental pharmacokinetic studies. Application of this method to 20 intoxicated patients indicated that the risk of bleeding syndrome, which is always associated with this kind of intoxication, is no longer present when chlorophacinone levels drop to below 1 microgram/mL.
Asunto(s)
Indanos/sangre , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Semivida , Humanos , Espectrofotometría UltravioletaRESUMEN
Serial determinations of urinary biopterin were performed in rats during the development of lung tumors induced by radon inhalation and 5,6-benzonaphtoflavone administration. A striking increase in biopterin levels was observed in animals which developed single or multiple epidermoid carcinoma of the lung and this increase occurred several weeks before tumors could be detected radiographically.
Asunto(s)
Benzoflavonas/toxicidad , Biopterinas/biosíntesis , Neoplasias Experimentales/metabolismo , Radón/toxicidad , Animales , Biopterinas/orina , Cocarcinogénesis , Neoplasias Experimentales/etiología , Neoplasias Experimentales/orina , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , beta-naftoflavonaAsunto(s)
Anticonvulsivantes/sangre , Epilepsia/sangre , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/análogos & derivados , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapéutico , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Epilepsia/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/sangre , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
A sensitive and specific determination of benzodiazepines in biological fluids is described, based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The compounds are extracted with a C2 AASP cartridge within 5 min. The recovery ranges from 92 to 104% and is independent of the concentration. Using a suitable gradient elution, complete separation of nineteen benzodiazepines is achieved in 50 min with detection limits of less than 3 ng/ml in urine and 5 ng/ml in other biological fluids. Using a rapid-scanning multichannel detector, the identities of the benzodiazepines can be confirmed. Prazepam is employed as internal standard. The precision and accuracy of the described method are suitable for monitoring benzodiazepine levels in clinical studies and an example is given.