Prevalence, risk factors and association with glycemic levels of presbyopia in South Indian population.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of presbyopia and its association with elevated glycemic levels in subjects ≥40 years of age in the South Indian population of Chennai. METHODS: This was a retrospective study. Subjects were included from the Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology And Molecular genetics Study (SN-DREAMS 1). Demographic data, detailed medical and ocular history, comprehensive eye examination, and biochemical investigations were performed. Glycosylated hemoglobin results were categorized as controls (4%-5.6%), prediabetic (5.7%-6.4%), and diabetic (≥6.5%) groups. The given presbyopic correction was divided into two groups as within and outside donders limit. Prevalence rates and mean values were determined and compared among the three glycemic groups. The Student t test, the Chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of presbyopia from our previously conducted SN-DREAMS 1 population of 1414 patients was 79.77% (95% CI: 0.775-0.818). In total, 1128 participants were included for our current secondary analysis with a mean age of 54.40 years (range: 40-83). The number of subjects within and outside donders limit was 1044 (92.55%) and 84 (7.44%), respectively. In each age group (40-49, 50-59, ≥60) regardless of being within or outside donders limits, an increasing trend in the prevalence of presbyopia was noted based on increasing glycemic levels. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of presbyopia in the South Indian population of Chennai. Findings show that the prevalence of presbyopia in different age groups increases with worsening diabetes status.

Preference of low vision devices in patients with central field loss and peripheral field loss.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to estimate the profile of patients visiting low vision care clinic at a tertiary eye care center in India and to analyze the preference of low vision devices (LVD). METHODS: A retrospective review was done for 450 patients with low vision who were referred to the LVC clinic from January 2019 to December 2019. The participants were categorized into two groups as central field loss (CFL) and peripheral field loss (PFL). Demographic profile details and low vision device preference were documented. RESULTS: Out of 450 patients, 242 (53.8%) were diagnosed to have CFL and 208 (46.2%) had PFL. The median age of the overall patients was 34.5 years. Overall, 323 (71.8%) were men and 127 (28.2%) were women. Cone dystrophy (21.1%) was the major cause of low vision among atrophic changes (54.1%) in CFL, and retinitis pigmentosa (81.2%) was the majority in retina related changes (81.7%) in PFL. Overall, 71.3% of the low vision patients preferred LVD. CFL group (76%) preferred LVD more than PFL group (65.9%). Almost 34% of the patients in both CFL and PFL group have preferred half eyes and Ashperics, followed by 32.5% in CFL and 28.1% in PFL preferred dome magnifiers. Statistically significant improvement in distance and near vision with the help of LVD was noted. CONCLUSION: The use of LVD can help patients with low vision in restoring useful vision, where medical and surgical treatment have no or a limited role.