RESUMEN
Serotype 19F pneumococci were a leading cause of infections among children in Athens, Greece during 2001-2006. In total, 143 19F isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and 38 isolates representing the main PFGE types were also characterised by multilocus sequence typing. A diversity of distinct strains belonging to sequence types 236, 1035, 274, 172 and 319 were identified, but multidrug-resistant isolates related to the Taiwan(19F)-14 clone (ST236) constituted 76.9% of the isolates. Spread of the Taiwan(19F)-14 clone explains, in part, the high incidence of antibiotic resistance observed among pneumococci reported recently from Athens.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Neumocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Neumocócicas/microbiología , Streptococcus pneumoniae/clasificación , Streptococcus pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Niño , Preescolar , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Grecia/epidemiología , Humanos , Lactante , Epidemiología Molecular , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
This nationwide study assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility and seroprevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in paediatric carriage isolates and in clinical isolates from adult pneumococcal disease in Greece during the years 2004-2006. Among 780 isolates recovered from the nasopharynx of children <6 years old attending day-care centres, non-susceptibility rates to penicillin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were 34.7%, 25.1%, 1.0%, 33.5%, 26.4% and 44.2%, respectively. Among 89 adult clinical isolates, the respective rates were 48.3%, 46.1%, 5.6%, 48.3%, 32.6% and 40.4%. High-level resistance to penicillin, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone was recorded for 14.4%, 23.3% and 0.1% of paediatric carriage isolates, whereas for clinical adult isolates the respective rates were 25.8%, 38.2% and 2.2%. No resistance to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was recorded, although 3.5% of paediatric carriage isolates and 23.2% of adult clinical isolates had minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin >2mg/L. Serotypes 19F, 14, 23F and 6B were the most prevalent among carriage and clinical isolates. The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was estimated to provide coverage against 71.7% of paediatric carriage isolates and 51.3% of adult clinical isolates. Resistance rates among clinical isolates from adult sources were higher than those recorded among paediatric carriage S. pneumoniae isolates and displayed an increasingly resistant profile compared with previous reports from our country, warranting continuous vigilance.
Asunto(s)
Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Infecciones Neumocócicas/microbiología , Streptococcus pneumoniae/clasificación , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Portador Sano/microbiología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Grecia/epidemiología , Vacuna Neumocócica Conjugada Heptavalente , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Vacunas Meningococicas/inmunología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nasofaringe/microbiología , Infecciones Neumocócicas/epidemiología , Vacunas Neumococicas/inmunología , Prevalencia , Serotipificación , Streptococcus pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Pneumococci (n = 1033) isolated in the major paediatric hospitals of Athens during 2001-2004 from children with invasive infections (n = 186), non-invasive infections (n = 641) and healthy carriers (n = 206) were studied. The most prevalent serotypes were serotypes 14 (44.6%), 19F (43.5%) and 6B (22.8%) in invasive, non-invasive and carriage isolates, respectively. Among invasive isolates, the potential coverage by the seven-valent conjugate vaccine was 75.3%. Resistance rates to penicillin, amoxycillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, co-trimoxazole, clindamycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol were 44.6%, 2.7%, 1.2%, 43.6%, 43.5%, 12.4%, 34.7% and 5.9%, respectively. The M-phenotype accounted for 68.0% of the erythromycin-resistant isolates. All isolates were susceptible to ofloxacin.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Neumocócicas/microbiología , Streptococcus pneumoniae/clasificación , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Niño , Preescolar , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Femenino , Grecia/epidemiología , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Infecciones Neumocócicas/epidemiología , Vacunas Neumococicas/inmunología , Serotipificación , Streptococcus pneumoniae/inmunología , Streptococcus pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
In order to investigate the potential relationship between erythromycin resistance and specific M-serotypes among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes from children in Greece, we randomly selected a total of 49 erythromycin-resistant (EryR) and 21 erythromycin-susceptible (EryS) isolates from the 1158 S. pyogenes isolates from the two main children's hospitals of Athens during the period October 1997 to October 1998. The isolates were further characterized by M-serotyping, examined for their susceptibility to penicillin, vancomycin and clindamycin, and categorized into resistance phenotypes. A total of 248 (21%) S. pyogenes isolates in the two main children's hospitals of Athens during the study period were resistant to erythromycin. All 49 EryR and 21 EryS isolates were susceptible to penicillin and vancomycin. With respect to erythromycin and clindamycin resistance, phenotypes M and IR MLSB dominated, with 30 and 17 isolates, respectively, two isolates belonged to the CR MLSB phenotype. Among the erythromycin resistant isolates, two M serotypes were dominant: M22 (30%) and M84 (41%). More specifically, M22 and M84 were most prevalent in resistance phenotypes IR MLSB (65%) and M (63%), respectively. In the susceptible group, no isolate belonged to these two M-serotypes, nor was a predominant serotype found. In contrast to susceptible isolates, two distinct M-serotypes were highly represented among EryR S. pyogenes isolates and predominantly associated with two distinct phenotypes.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Eritromicina/farmacología , Streptococcus pyogenes/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus pyogenes/aislamiento & purificación , Niño , Clindamicina/farmacología , Grecia , Humanos , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/microbiología , Streptococcus pyogenes/clasificaciónAsunto(s)
Osteomielitis/microbiología , Infecciones por Salmonella/microbiología , Salmonella enteritidis/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente , Cefotaxima/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Rodilla/diagnóstico por imagen , Rodilla/microbiología , Masculino , Osteomielitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteomielitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteomielitis/cirugía , Radiografía , Infecciones por Salmonella/diagnóstico por imagen , Infecciones por Salmonella/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Salmonella/cirugía , Salmonella enteritidis/metabolismo , Combinación Trimetoprim y Sulfametoxazol/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
In this study we compared the efficacy and safety of isepamicin versus amikacin at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg i.v. q12h for 10-14 days in children with pyelonephritis. Sixteen children were enrolled in the study; ten received isepamicin and six amikacin. Urine cultures grew Escherichia coli in all patients. All patients were treated successfully with either isepamicin or amikacin. Clinical and bacteriological response rates were 100% for both groups. No adverse events occurred. Peak serum levels ranged from 9.05 to 30.70 mg/l (median: 16.165) and from 12.20 to 25.90 mg/l (median: 19.05) for isepamicin and amikacin, respectively. Trough serum levels ranged from 0.11 to 3.20 mg/l (median: 0.75) and from 0.1 to 2.1 mg/l (median: 0.655), respectively. Isepamicin was shown to be as effective and safe as amikacin in the treatment of children with pyelonephritis and might prove an advantageous alternative in areas with high incidence of resistance to other aminoglycosides.
Asunto(s)
Amicacina/uso terapéutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/tratamiento farmacológico , Pielonefritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Amicacina/farmacocinética , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Niño , Preescolar , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Femenino , Gentamicinas/farmacocinética , Gentamicinas/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Pielonefritis/microbiología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Orina/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The resistance pattern of 432 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from children with various infections over a 4-year period (1992-1995) was determined. The rates of resistance to penicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, clindamycin, cefotaxime, and vancomycin were 10%, 2.8%, 4.6%, 4.9%, 4.4%, 2.5%, 0.9%, and 0%, respectively. All strains not susceptible to penicillin were intermediately susceptible to penicillin-(MIC >0.06-< or = 1 microg/ml). Isolates not susceptible to penicillin were encountered significantly more often in children with localized infections than in those with invasive disease; these isolates displayed significantly lower susceptibility to non-beta-lactam agents as compared with their penicillin-susceptible counterparts.