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Endo-1,4-beta Xilanasas/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Oligosacáridos/biosíntesis , Rumen/enzimología , Animales , Bovinos , Clonación Molecular , Endo-1,4-beta Xilanasas/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Prebióticos , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated whether primary tumour characteristics are associated with specific features of metastatic lymph nodes in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients. METHOD: A retrospective review of 411 patients with pathologically diagnosed cervical lymph node metastasis was conducted. RESULTS: A metastatic lymph node focus size of at least 2 mm was independently associated with a primary tumour size of at least 1 cm (hazard ratio 1.962) and with male sex (hazard ratio 1.947). A number of at least five lymph node metastases was independently associated with a primary tumour size of at least 1 cm (hazard ratio 2.863), extrathyroidal extension (hazard ratio 1.737) and male sex (hazard ratio 1.689). Extranodal extension was independently associated with a primary tumour size of at least 1 cm (hazard ratio 2.288), extrathyroidal extension (2.201) and male sex (hazard ratio 1.733). CONCLUSION: Primary papillary thyroid carcinoma characteristics are related to the pathological features of lymph node metastases.
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Carcinoma/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma/cirugía , Carcinoma Papilar , Femenino , Humanos , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Curva ROC , Estudios Retrospectivos , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/cirugía , Tiroidectomía/estadística & datos numéricos , Carga Tumoral , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The activation energy (Ea) for waste-activated sludge (WAS) hydrolysis was compared between microwave irradiation (MW) and conventional heating (CH) methods to evaluate the non-thermal effect of MW. The microwave-assisted hydrolysis of WAS was assumed to follow the first-order kinetics on the basis of volatile suspended solids (VSS) conversion to soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) for different initial VSS concentrations. By comparing the VSS decrement and the SCOD increment between MW and CH at different absolute temperatures of 323, 348 and 373 K, the average ratio of VSS conversion to SCOD was determined to range from 1.42 to 1.64 g SCOD/g VSS. These results corresponded to the theoretical value of 1.69 g SCOD/g VSS based on the assumption that the molecular formula of sludge was C10H19O3N. Consequently, the Ea of the MW-assisted WAS hydrolysis was much lower than that of CH for the same temperature conditions. The non-thermal effect of MW in the hydrolysis of WAS could be identified with the lower Ea than that of CH.
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Microondas , Aguas del Alcantarillado/química , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Análisis de la Demanda Biológica de Oxígeno , Hidrólisis , TemperaturaRESUMEN
Metallothioneins (MTs) are commonly used as biomarker for metal pollution assessment in marine ecosystems. Using integrated genomic and proteomic analyses, this study characterized two types of MT isoform in the digestive gland of a common biomonitor, the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis, towards the challenges of a metal (cadmium; Cd) and a non-metal oxidant (hydrogen peroxide; H2 O2 ) respectively. The two isoforms differed in their deduced protein sequences, with 73 amino acids for MT10-I and 72 for MT10-II (a novel type), but both consisted of a high percentage (27.4 to 29.2%) of cysteine. Two-dimensional gel and Western blot showed that the MT proteins were present in multiple isoform spots, and they were further validated to be MT10-I and MT10-II using MS analysis coupled with unrestricted modifications searching. Expression of mRNA revealed that MT10-I responded promptly to Cd but had a lagged induction to H2 O2 treatments, while MT10-II was exclusively induced by Cd treatment over the course of exposure. Expression of the MT proteins also showed a delayed response to H2 O2 , compared to Cd treatments. This study uncovered the potential different functional roles of various MTs isoforms in P. viridis and thus advances the resolution of using MTs as biomarkers in future applications.
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Metalotioneína/análisis , Perna/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas/análisis , Estrés Fisiológico/fisiología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Cadmio/toxicidad , Sistema Digestivo/química , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/toxicidad , Metalotioneína/química , Metalotioneína/genética , Metalotioneína/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Perna/fisiología , Isoformas de Proteínas/química , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Proteómica , Alineación de Secuencia , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Cytosolic proteins containing SH2 and SH3 domains, such as Crk and Crk-like (CrkL), are broadly expressed adapters that interact with a variety of proteins to fulfill key roles in signal transduction pathways triggered by activation of receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases. Crk and CrkL are similar to each other in structure and biochemical function, although they provide both distinct, as well as overlapping, biological roles during development. We developed a systematic approach to investigate Crk family functions at the cellular level by generating a conditional knock-out system for ablation of Crk and CrkL in cultured fibroblasts. The loss of both Crk and CrkL from fibroblasts resulted in reduced cell surface area and adoption of a rounded, refractile cellular phenotype. These morphological alterations were accompanied by a decrease in focal adhesion sites, reduced actin stress fibers and a collapse of microtubule structures. In addition, cells exhibited decreases in spontaneous motility and wound-healing behavior. Reduced p130Cas phosphorylation and actin levels closely followed the loss of Crk and CrkL, and stabilization of polymerized actin by jasplakinolide suppressed the morphological conversion. Ablation of Crk or CrkL alone conferred a much more modest phenotype suggesting that Crk and CrkL have overlapping functions that are critical for maintaining cell structure. The morphological alterations could be partially rescued by reintroduction of CrkII, and, to a lesser extent, CrkL. Taken together, our results suggest that Crk and CrkL have critical roles in cell structure and motility by maintaining cytoskeletal integrity.
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Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/citología , Fibroblastos/fisiología , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-crk/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Proteína Sustrato Asociada a CrK/metabolismo , Depsipéptidos/farmacología , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Adhesiones Focales/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Fenotipo , Fosforilación , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-crk/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-crk/genética , Fibras de Estrés/metabolismo , Dominios Homologos srcRESUMEN
AIMS: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are inflammatory autoimmune diseases that affect the central nervous system. Several genome-wide and candidate gene studies have identified genetic polymorphisms associated with the risk of MS or NMO. In particular, two recently published studies of meta-analysis in European-origin populations have suggested associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CD6, TNFRSF1A and IRF8 with MS. The aim of our study was to assess the associations between SNPs in these three genes and the risk of inflammatory demyelinating disease (IDD) including MS and NMO. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such a study has been performed in an Asian population. METHODS: A total of 21 SNPs of CD6, TNFRSF1A and IRF8 were genotyped in 178 IDD cases (79 MS and 99 NMO patients) and 237 normal controls in a Korean population. RESULTS: Logistic analyses revealed that one SNP in CD6 (rs12288280, P = 0.04) and three SNPs in TNFRSF1A (rs767455, rs4149577 and rs1800693, P = 0.01-0.03) were associated with NMO. However, there was no association of IRF8 polymorphisms with IDD, including MS and NMO. Using further information from the SNP Function Prediction website, two exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs), including the polymorphic site of rs767455, were predicted to be binding sites for splicing factors (SRp55, SF2/ASF2 and SF2/ASF1). CONCLUSION: Although additional studies are needed, our findings could provide information regarding the genetic aetiology of IDD in the Korean population.
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Antígenos CD/genética , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Factores Reguladores del Interferón/genética , Esclerosis Múltiple/genética , Neuromielitis Óptica/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Receptores Tipo I de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Niño , Femenino , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de CoreaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The etiology of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) has been attributed to the combination of environmental and genetic risk factors. Although widely investigated in various diseases associated with immune dysfunction, the human zinc ribbon domain containing 1 (ZNRD1) gene is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of AERD by altering the mechanisms involved in disease development. METHODS: We selected 6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for genotyping from the International HapMap database in order to analyze the association between polymorphisms in ZNRD1 and AERD in a Korean asthma cohort. Genotyping was carried out using the TaqMan assay, and differences in genotype frequency distributions were analyzed using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Nominal associations were found between ZNRD1 rs1150740 and risk ofAERD via codominant and dominant genetic inheritance (P=.03; odds ratio, 1.14 [1.14-10.16]). The same polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with a decrease in forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration, an important diagnostic marker of AERD, even after multiple testing corrections (P=.006, P(corr)=.03 in codominant and dominant models). CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings suggest a possible relationship between ZNRD1 and aspirin-induced respiratory dysfunctions in a Korean population and provide essential information on the etiology of AERD.
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Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Aspirina/efectos adversos , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Enfermedades Respiratorias/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Respiratorias/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Asma/inducido químicamente , Asma/genética , Broncoconstricción/efectos de los fármacos , Broncoconstricción/genética , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Proyecto Mapa de Haplotipos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
AIMS: The purpose of this study was to develop a general method for the facile development of a new DNA biosensor which utilizes streptavidin-displayed spores as a molecular machinery. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fluorescence spectroscopy was used as a monitoring tool for the streptavidin displayed on the surface of Bacillus thuringiensis spores and as a diagnosis method for DNA detection. As a proof-of-concept, four pathogenic bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were used for the detection of pathogenic species. In addition, a set of mutant variants of Wilson's disease were also used for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in this system. CONCLUSIONS: This strategy, utilizing streptavidin-displayed spores, is capable of capturing DNA targets for the detection of pathogenic bacteria and for mutation analysis in Wilson's disease. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This approach could be useful as a simple platform for developing sensitive spore-based biosensors for any desired DNA targets in diagnostic applications.
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Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , Acinetobacter baumannii/genética , Bacillus thuringiensis/genética , Bacillus thuringiensis/aislamiento & purificación , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Degeneración Hepatolenticular/genética , Humanos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Klebsiella pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/aislamiento & purificación , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia , Esporas Bacterianas/genética , Estreptavidina/genéticaRESUMEN
Located on chromosome 10q22-q23, the human neuregulin3 (NRG3) is considered to be a strong positional and functional candidate gene for schizophrenia pathogenesis. Several case-control studies examining the association of polymorphisms in NRG3 with schizophrenia and/or related traits such as delusion have been reported recently in cohorts of Han Chinese, Ashkenazi Jews, Australians and white Americans of Western European ancestry. Thus, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate the association of NRG3 genetic variations with the risk of schizophrenia and smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) abnormality in a Korean population. Using TaqMan assay, six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the intronic region of NRG3 were genotyped and two major haplotypes were identified in 435 patients with schizophrenia as cases and 393 unrelated healthy individuals as controls. A total of 113 schizophrenia patients underwent an eye tracking task, and degree of SPEM abnormality was measured using the logarithmic values of the signal/noise (Ln S/N) ratio. Differences in frequency distributions were analyzed using logistic and regression models following various modes of genetic inheritance and controlling for age and sex as covariates. Subsequent analysis revealed that the frequency distributions of NRG3 polymorphisms and haplotypes were similar between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls of Korean ethnicity. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between the genetic variants tested for SPEM abnormality. By elucidating a lack of association in a Korean population, findings from this study may contribute to the understanding of the genetic etiology focusing on the role of NRG3 in schizophrenia pathogenesis.
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Neurregulinas/genética , Trastornos de la Motilidad Ocular/genética , Seguimiento Ocular Uniforme/genética , Esquizofrenia/epidemiología , Esquizofrenia/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Electrooculografía , Femenino , Haplotipos , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos de la Motilidad Ocular/epidemiología , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Desempeño Psicomotor/fisiología , República de Corea/epidemiología , Riesgo , Relación Señal-Ruido , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In this study, the intent was to identify genetic polymorphisms of mitochondrial (mt) DNA in Korean cattle (Bos taurus coreana) and to analyze the genetic relationship between Korean cattle and other breeds. Whole mtDNA genomes (16,338 bp) of 26 animals (16 Korean cattle and 10 Holsteins) were directly sequenced. Multiple alignments, including 26 whole-mtDNA sequences obtained by direct sequencing and 10 mtDNA sequences from a public database (National Center for Biotechnology Information), revealed 393 mtDNA polymorphisms (382 SNP, 3 heteroplasmies, and 8 insertion-deletion polymorphisms). Estimated gene diversity of mtDNA was 0.00198 among these 36 animals. Phylogenic analysis with mtDNA polymorphisms revealed a distinct genetic difference between Bos taurus (Korean, Japanese Black, Holstein, and Fleckvieh breeds) and Bos indicus (Nellore and Zwergzebu breeds). The genetic information regarding mtDNA polymorphisms identified in this study would be useful for further investigation of mtDNA in other breeds.
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Bovinos/genética , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Animales , Cruzamiento , Variación Genética/genética , Mutación INDEL/genética , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Alineación de Secuencia/veterinaria , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
The correlation of the subcellular localization of dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptors (DA D(1) R, DA D(2) R) with nicotine addiction has not been studied. We demonstrated the ultrasubcellular organelle localization of DA D(1) and D(2) Rs in the caudate-putamen (CPu) area of rat brain in vivo exposed to nicotine (3 mg/day; oral) and passive cigarette smoking (500 ml each; 3 times/day) for 1, 4, and 12 weeks, respectively. Our results revealed DA D(1) R localization in the presynaptic and postsynaptic dendrites, endocytic vesicles, and secretory granules, and DA D(2) R localization in the presynaptic dendrites and vesicles. DA D(1) R immunogold particles were highly decreased in the secretory granules of CPu, and increased in the postsynaptic area and vesicles after prolonged nicotine and smoking exposures, suggesting the strong influence of long time smoking and nicotine exposures on DA D(1) R subcellular organelle localization. DA D(2) R immunoreactivity was comparatively less changed than that of the DA D(1) R. Western blot analysis also showed the differential expression of DA D(1) and D(2) R proteins upon nicotine and smoking exposures as compared to the untreated controls. Taken together, the results for the first time suggests the execution of addictive behavior of nicotine through modulation of mesolimbic dopaminergic system targeting subcellular organelle of DA D(1) and D(2) Rs in the CPu of adult rat brain that may lead to novel therapeutic approaches related to nicotine's neuropsychological disorders including drug addiction.
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Núcleo Caudado , Nicotina/farmacología , Agonistas Nicotínicos/farmacología , Receptores de Dopamina D1/metabolismo , Receptores de Dopamina D2/metabolismo , Fumar/metabolismo , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Núcleo Caudado/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Caudado/metabolismo , Núcleo Caudado/ultraestructura , Dendritas/metabolismo , Dendritas/ultraestructura , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Microscopía Inmunoelectrónica/métodos , Terminales Presinápticos/metabolismo , Terminales Presinápticos/ultraestructura , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de Dopamina D1/ultraestructura , Receptores de Dopamina D2/ultraestructura , Vesículas Secretoras/metabolismo , Vesículas Secretoras/ultraestructura , Fracciones Subcelulares/efectos de los fármacos , Fracciones Subcelulares/metabolismo , Factores de Tiempo , Vesículas Transportadoras/metabolismo , Vesículas Transportadoras/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Cytochrome b (Cyt-b) gene was sequenced for six flatfish species and compared with seven other species belonging to Pleuronectiformes. Monophyly of the family Pleuronectidae representatives was fine supported by bootstrap or other means in several sequence-based trees on Cyt-b gene data. Results revealed that synonymy must be accepted for Hippoglossoides elassodon, and H. robustus, as well as for Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae, and P. schrenki.
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Citocromos b/genética , Peces Planos/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Animales , FilogeniaRESUMEN
In order to assess the relationship between the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and the characteristics of nitrifying bacterial communities in an aerobic biofilm reactor, molecular techniques including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)/cloning based on PCR targeting 16S rRNA and the amoA gene and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) were conducted. The D-1, D-2, D-3 and D-4 reactors with different DO concentrations (1, 3, 5 and 7 mg/L, respectively) were set up in the thermostat and acclimated. The optimal DO concentration with stable nitrification efficiency was above 5.0 mg/L. As was shown by the results of DGGE and cloning, the community of ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) and the ratio of Nitrosomonas sp. changed only slightly despite their differing nitrification efficiencies. The results of FISH indicated that higher DO concentrations resulted in an increase in AOB and nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB), and a reduction in heterotrophic microorganisms. The INT-dehydrogenase activity (DHA) test demonstrated that the activity of AOB decreased with reductions in the DO concentration. This means that the DO concentration does not influence the community of AOB, but rather the activity of AOB. In the relationship between the attached biomass and the nitrification efficiency, only the active biomass affected the nitrification efficiencies.
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Bacterias Aerobias/fisiología , Biopelículas , Reactores Biológicos/microbiología , Oxígeno/metabolismo , Aerobiosis , Amoníaco/metabolismo , Bacterias Aerobias/genética , Bacterias Aerobias/metabolismo , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Nitritos/metabolismo , Nitrosomonas/genética , Nitrosomonas/metabolismo , Nitrosomonas/fisiología , Oxidación-Reducción , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genéticaRESUMEN
Low cost, locally available biomaterial was tested for its ability to remove reactive dyes from aqueous solution. Granules prepared from dried activated sludge (DAS) were utilized as a sorbent for the uptake of Rhodamine-B (Rh-B) dye. The effects of various experimental parameters (dye concentration, sludge concentrations, swelling, pretreatment and other factors) were investigated and optimal experimental conditions were ascertained. Nearly 15min was required for the equilibrium adsorption, and Rh-B dyes could be removed effectively. Dye removal performance of Rh-B and DAS increased with increasing concentrations. The acid pretreated biomass exhibited a slightly better biosorption capacity than alkali pretreated or non-pretreated biomass. The optimum swelling time for dye adsorption of the DAS within the swelling time range studied was 12h. Both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models could describe the adsorption equilibrium of the reactive dye onto the activated sludge with the Langmuir isotherm showing the better agreement of the two. Second-order kinetic models confirmed the agreement.
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Biomasa , Colorantes/metabolismo , Rodaminas/metabolismo , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Adsorción/efectos de los fármacos , Biodegradación Ambiental/efectos de los fármacos , Colorantes/farmacología , Cinética , Rodaminas/farmacología , Soluciones , Temperatura , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
We have investigated the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on GABA(B) receptors (GABA(B)Rs), protein kinase A (PKA), and DA D(1) receptor (DAD(1)R) expressions. GABA(B1)R and GABA(B2)R showed different age-dependent expressions in in vivo fetal rat forebrain from gestational days (GD) 15.5 to 21.5 upon 10% ethanol treatment to mother, with and without baclofen at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight/day. The protein level changes could not be attributed to changes in the level of transcription since GABA(B)R mRNA presented different expression patterns upon in vivo ethanol treatment. Using in vitro cultivated cortical neurons from GD 17.5 fetuses, we also explored the modulatory effects of ethanol on PKA and DAD(1)R through GABA(B)Rs, under 50 microM baclofen and 100 microM phaclofen administrations, with or without 100 mM of ethanol treatment in the culture media. The results showed that 20 min ethanol treatment without baclofen or phaclofen had increasing effects on both the GABA(B)Rs. Further, baclofen and phaclofen administration significantly affected PKA and GABA(B)R levels upon 20 min and 1 h ethanol treatment. In contrast, DAD(1)R showed increasing effects upon ethanol treatment, which was modulated by GABA(B)R's agonist baclofen and antagonist phaclofen. Therefore the present study suggested that the GABA(B)R activity could modulate ethanol's cellular effects, which possibly including PKA and DAD(1)R activities, and may be an underlying cause of ethanol's effects.
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Trastornos del Sistema Nervioso Inducidos por Alcohol/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Quinasas Dependientes de AMP Cíclico/efectos de los fármacos , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/metabolismo , Receptores de Dopamina D1/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de GABA-B/efectos de los fármacos , Trastornos del Sistema Nervioso Inducidos por Alcohol/fisiopatología , Animales , Baclofeno/farmacología , Encéfalo/embriología , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Células Cultivadas , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas Dependientes de AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Esquema de Medicación , Interacciones Farmacológicas/fisiología , Etanol/farmacología , Femenino , Agonistas del GABA/farmacología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/fisiopatología , ARN Mensajero/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de Dopamina D1/genética , Receptores de Dopamina D1/metabolismo , Receptores de GABA-B/genética , Receptores de GABA-B/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación hacia Arriba/fisiologíaAsunto(s)
Disruptores Endocrinos/toxicidad , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSP20/metabolismo , Animales , Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Benzo(a)pireno/toxicidad , Biomarcadores , Copépodos , Dietilhexil Ftalato/toxicidad , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Estradiol/toxicidad , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSP20/genética , Fenoles/toxicidad , ARN Mensajero/metabolismoRESUMEN
The natural water quality in Korea has improved significantly in the last 20 years since major collective national initiatives were implemented by governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and professionals among many others. Recently instrumentation, control, and automation (ICA) technology has become one of the most important technologies for carrying out this task. Korea has become especially well known with a strong reputation for information technology and international business with commercial products like semi-conductors, computers, mobile phones, computer games, and other electronic products. In this paper the background of Korean water quality is reviewed and several of the most significant national projects related to ICA are discussed. The major projects may include the Automatic Monitoring Network of River Water Quality and the Integrated Management System of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Upper Basin Area of Multi-purpose Dams.
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Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos , Purificación del Agua , Abastecimiento de Agua , Automatización , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Corea (Geográfico) , RíosRESUMEN
The information on the incoming load to wastewater treatment plants is not often available to apply modelling for evaluating the effect of control actions on a full-scale plant. In this paper, a time series model was developed to forecast flow rate, COD, NH4(+)-N and PO4(3-)-P in influent by using 250 days data of field plant operation data. The data for 150 days and 100 days were used for model development and model validation, respectively. The missing data were interpolated by the spline method and the time series model. Three different methods were proposed for model development: one model and one-step to seven-step ahead forecasting (Method 1); seven models and one-step-ahead forecasting (Method 2); and one model and one-step-ahead forecasting (Method 3). Method 3 featured only one-step-ahead forecasting that could avoid the accumulated error and give simple estimation of coefficients. Therefore, Method 3 was the reliable approach to developing the time series model for the purpose of this research.
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Modelos Teóricos , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos , Predicción , Fosfatos/análisis , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/análisis , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Temperatura , Movimientos del AguaRESUMEN
An in situ measuring system of respiration rate was applied for monitoring biodegradation of diesel fuel in a bioventing process for bioremediation of diesel contaminated soil. Two laboratory-scale soil columns were packed with 5 kg of soil that was artificially contaminated by diesel fuel as final TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) concentration of 8,000 mg/kg soil. Nutrient was added to make a relative concentration of C:N:P = 100:10:1. One soil column was operated with continuous venting mode, and the other one with intermittent (6 h venting/6 h rest) venting mode. On-line O2 and CO2 gas measuring system was applied to measure O2 utilisation and CO2 production during biodegradation of diesel for 5 months. Biodegradation rate of TPH was calculated from respiration rate measured by the on-line gas measuring system. There were no apparent differences between calculated biodegradation rates from two columns with different venting modes. The variation of biodegradation rates corresponded well with trend of the remaining TPH concentrations comparing other biodegradation indicators, such as C17/pristane and C18/phytane ratio, dehydrogenase activity, and the ratio of hydrocarbon utilising bacteria to total heterotrophic bacteria. These results suggested that the on-line measuring system of respiration rate would be applied to monitoring biodegradation rate and to determine the potential applicability of bioventing process for bioremediation of oil contaminated soil.