The invisibility of the cognitive cost of military police work.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the cognitive cost of work for military police officers in the state of Rio de Janeiro. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out with 446 military police officers, of both sexes, distributed between non-commissioned officers and officers, in the 7th, 15th, 20th, 24th and 41st Military Police Battalions. An instrument was used to depict sociodemographic, work, lifestyle and health conditions and a scale for assessing the human cost of work, which analyses the demands of the job through physical, cognitive and affective costs. The data was organized, processed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 13.1. RESULTS: The cognitive cost had the highest means, with severe results (µ = 3.86; SD = 0.86), representing greater demands in relation to the human cost of work among military police officers in the state of Rio de Janeiro and significant associations in relation to obesity, cognitive alterations in attention and memory, age and hours of sleep. CONCLUSION: In assessing the human cost of work, the cognitive cost was the most demanding in the work context of the military police officers surveyed, presenting a serious risk of illness.

The invisibility of the cognitive cost of military police work / La invisibilidad del costo cognitivo del trabajo de la policía militar / A invisibilidade do custo cognitivo no trabalho de policiais militares

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the cognitive cost of work for military police officers in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Method: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out with 446 military police officers, of both sexes, distributed between non-commissioned officers and officers, in the 7th, 15th, 20th, 24th and 41st Military Police Battalions. An instrument was used to depict sociodemographic, work, lifestyle and health conditions and a scale for assessing the human cost of work, which analyses the demands of the job through physical, cognitive and affective costs. The data was organized, processed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 13.1. Results: The cognitive cost had the highest means, with severe results (μ = 3.86; SD = 0.86), representing greater demands in relation to the human cost of work among military police officers in the state of Rio de Janeiro and significant associations in relation to obesity, cognitive alterations in attention and memory, age and hours of sleep. Conclusion: In assessing the human cost of work, the cognitive cost was the most demanding in the work context of the military police officers surveyed, presenting a serious risk of illness.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los costos cognitivos producidos por el trabajo de los policías militares del estado de Rio de Janeiro. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado con 446 policías militares, de ambos sexos, distribuidos entre cuadros y oficiales, de los Batallones 7°, 15°, 20°, 24° y 41° de la Policía Militar. Se utilizó un instrumento para caracterizar las condiciones sociodemográficas, laborales, de estilo de vida y de salud, y una escala para evaluar el costo humano del trabajo, que analiza las exigencias del trabajo a través de los costos físicos, cognitivos y afectivos. Los datos fueron organizados, procesados y analizados utilizando el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versión 13.1. Resultados: El costo cognitivo presentó las medias más altas, con resultados graves (μ = 3,86; SD = 0,86), representando mayores exigencias en relación al costo humano del trabajo entre los policías militares del estado de Río de Janeiro y asociaciones significativas en relación a la obesidad, alteraciones cognitivas de atención y memoria, edad y horas de sueño. Conclusión: Al evaluar el coste humano del trabajo, el coste cognitivo fue el más exigente en el contexto laboral de los policías militares encuestados, presentando un grave riesgo de enfermedad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o custo cognitivo no trabalho dos policiais militares do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 446 policiais militares, de ambos os sexos, distribuídos entre praças e oficiais, nos 7°, 15°, 20°, 24° e 41° batalhões de Polícia Militar. Utilizou-se um instrumento para a caracterização sociodemográfica, laboral, hábitos de vida e condições de saúde e uma escala de avaliação do custo humano no trabalho, que analisa as exigências relativas ao trabalho por meio dos custos físico, cognitivo e afetivo. Os dados foram organizados, processados e analisados com o auxílio do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 13.1. Resultados: O custo cognitivo apresentou as maiores médias, com resultados graves (μ = 3,86; DP = 0,86), representando maior exigência em relação ao custo humano no trabalho entre os policiais militares do estado do Rio de Janeiro e associações significativas em relação à obesidade, alterações cognitivas de atenção e memória, idade e horas de sono. Conclusão: Na avaliação do custo humano no trabalho, o custo cognitivo foi o mais exigido no contexto de trabalho dos policiais militares pesquisados apresentando um risco grave para o adoecimento.

Portuguese translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Person-Centred Practice Inventory - Staff (PCPI-S).

Aiming to translate, culturally adapt, and psychometrically evaluate the Person-centred Practice Inventory - Staff (PCPI-S) for Portuguese healthcare professionals, this methodological study was conducted sequentially in two phases. Phase I followed the 10-steps recommendations from the ISPOR taskforce for translation and cultural adaptation of patient reported outcome measures. Phase II comprised a quantitative cross-sectional virtual survey of the translated PCPI-S with healthcare professionals, who were reached through snowball sampling from both primary and specialized care settings. The psychometric properties of the PCPI-S were determined by assessing reliability and construct validity. A sample of 304 healthcare professionals participated in Phase II. Ceiling effects were found. The overall internal consistency was excellent (> 0.9). The confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit after minor modifications, revealing construct validity, and supporting the theoretical framework. In conclusion, the three-factorial model of PCPI-S adjusted to the studied sample is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the perceptions of healthcare professionals on person-centred practice in various Portuguese clinical contexts. Considering the ceiling effects, the effect of social desirability should be explored.

Portuguese translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Person-Centred Practice Inventory - Staff (PCPI-S) / Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do Inventário da Prática Centrada na Pessoa, profissionais de saúde (PCPI-S)

Abstract Aiming to translate, culturally adapt, and psychometrically evaluate the Person-centred Practice Inventory - Staff (PCPI-S) for Portuguese healthcare professionals, this methodological study was conducted sequentially in two phases. Phase I followed the 10-steps recommendations from the ISPOR taskforce for translation and cultural adaptation of patient reported outcome measures. Phase II comprised a quantitative cross-sectional virtual survey of the translated PCPI-S with healthcare professionals, who were reached through snowball sampling from both primary and specialized care settings. The psychometric properties of the PCPI-S were determined by assessing reliability and construct validity. A sample of 304 healthcare professionals participated in Phase II. Ceiling effects were found. The overall internal consistency was excellent (> 0.9). The confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit after minor modifications, revealing construct validity, and supporting the theoretical framework. In conclusion, the three-factorial model of PCPI-S adjusted to the studied sample is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the perceptions of healthcare professionals on person-centred practice in various Portuguese clinical contexts. Considering the ceiling effects, the effect of social desirability should be explored.

Resumo Com o objetivo de traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e avaliar psicometricamente o Inventário para a Prática Centrada na Pessoa para profissionais de saúde (PCPI-S) em diversos contextos de prestação de cuidados, este estudo metodológico realizou-se em duas fases sequenciais. A Fase I seguiu as recomendações de dez etapas da taskforce da ISPOR para tradução e adaptação cultural de medidas de resultados auto reportados. A Fase II incluiu um estudo cross-sectional do PCPI-S traduzido com profissionais de saúde, que foram alcançados por meio de amostragem snowball em contextos de cuidados primários e diferenciados. A psicometria do PCPI-S foi analisada pela avaliação da confiabilidade e validade de construto. Uma amostra de 304 profissionais de saúde participou da Fase II. Efeitos de teto foram encontrados. A consistência interna geral foi excelente (> 0,9). A análise fatorial confirmatória mostrou um bom ajuste do modelo e validade de construto, refletindo o referencial teórico. Concluindo, o modelo tri-fatorial do PCPI-S ajustado à amostra estudada é um instrumento válido e fiável para avaliar as percepções dos profissionais de saúde sobre a prática centrada na pessoa em vários contextos de cuidados portugueses. Considerando os efeitos teto, a desejabilidade social deve ser explorada.

Flushing in Intravenous Catheters: Observational Study of Nursing Practice in Intensive Care in Brazil.

An observational study was developed with 108 nursing professionals who managed vascular access devices in 4 intensive care units of a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The objective was to analyze the practice of the nursing staff in performing flushing for the maintenance of vascular access devices in critically ill patients. Data were collected by observing the flushing procedure using a structured checklist and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. In 23% of the 404 observations, there was no flushing. When performed at some point during catheter management (77%), flushing was predominant after drug administration with 1 or 2 drugs administered. There were flaws in the flushing technique applied in terms of volume and method of preparation. Time of professional experience >5 years, knowledge about recommendations, and training on flushing were variables associated with technique performance. It was concluded that the flushing procedure did not meet the recommendations of good practices, with failures that constituted medication errors.

Repercussions of sickle cell disease and sickle cell ulcers for men inserted in the world of work.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the repercussions of sickle cell disease and sickle cell ulcer for men in the world of work and discuss the challenges faced to remain in the work environment. METHOD: A qualitative study, developed at the dressing clinic and at a stomatherapy clinic. Twenty men with sickle cell disease and sickle cell ulcer participated, applying a semi-structured interview script. The software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires was used for treatment and lexical data analysis. RESULTS: The Descending Hierarchical Classification enabled the creation of classes: Man with sickle cell disease and sickle cell ulcer: experiences and repercussions; and Coping measures adopted by men with sickle cell disease and sickle cell ulcer to stay at work. CONCLUSION: Disease and injury repercussions involve biopsychosocial dimensions, highlighting the need for professional training to assist with competence and humanity. Strategies adopted to maintain work are breaks in the working day, use of analgesics to relieve pain, allocating time during work to apply dressings.

Repercussions of sickle cell disease and sickle cell ulcers for men inserted in the world of work / Repercusiones de la anemia de células falciformes y de las úlceras falciformes para los hombres insertados en el mundo del trabajo / Repercussões da anemia falciforme e das úlceras falcêmicas para homens inseridos no mundo do trabalho

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the repercussions of sickle cell disease and sickle cell ulcer for men in the world of work and discuss the challenges faced to remain in the work environment. Method: A qualitative study, developed at the dressing clinic and at a stomatherapy clinic. Twenty men with sickle cell disease and sickle cell ulcer participated, applying a semi-structured interview script. The software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires was used for treatment and lexical data analysis. Results: The Descending Hierarchical Classification enabled the creation of classes: Man with sickle cell disease and sickle cell ulcer: experiences and repercussions; and Coping measures adopted by men with sickle cell disease and sickle cell ulcer to stay at work. Conclusion: Disease and injury repercussions involve biopsychosocial dimensions, highlighting the need for professional training to assist with competence and humanity. Strategies adopted to maintain work are breaks in the working day, use of analgesics to relieve pain, allocating time during work to apply dressings.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las repercusiones de la drepanocitosis y la drepanocitosis para hombres que actúan en el mundo del trabajo y discutir los desafíos enfrentados para permanecer en el ambiente de trabajo. Método: Estudio cualitativo, desarrollado en la clínica de vendajes y en una clínica de estomaterapia. Participaron 20 hombres con drepanocitosis y drepanocitosis, aplicando un guión de entrevista semiestructurada. Para el tratamiento y análisis léxico de los datos se utilizó el software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. Resultados: La Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente permitió la creación de clases: Hombre con anemia falciforme y úlcera falciforme: experiencias y repercusiones; y Medidas de afrontamiento adoptadas por el hombre con enfermedad de células falciformes y úlcera falciforme para permanecer en el trabajo. Conclusión: las repercusiones de la enfermedad y lesión involucran las dimensiones biopsicosociales, destacando la necesidad de formación profesional para asistir con competencia y humanidad. Las estrategias adoptadas para mantener el trabajo son pausas en la jornada laboral, uso de analgésicos para aliviar el dolor, asignación de tiempo durante el trabajo para aplicar curas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as repercussões da doença falciforme e da úlcera falcêmica para homens que atuam no mundo do trabalho e discutir os desafios enfrentados para se manterem no ambiente laboral. Método: Estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido no ambulatório de curativo e em uma clínica de estomaterapia. Participaram 20 homens com doença falciforme e úlcera falcêmica, aplicando-se roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado. Utilizou-se o software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires, para tratamento e análise lexical dos dados. Resultados: A Classificação Hierárquica Descendente possibilitou a criação das classes: Homem com doença falciforme e úlcera falcêmica: vivências e repercussões; e Medidas de enfrentamento adotadas pelo homem com doença falciforme e úlcera falcêmica para manutenção no trabalho. Conclusão: As repercussões da doença e lesão envolvem as dimensões biopsicossociais, evidenciando a necessidade de capacitação dos profissionais para assistir com competência e humanidade. As estratégias adotadas para manutenção no trabalho são pausas na jornada laboral, uso de analgésicos para aplacar a dor, destinação de tempo durante o trabalho para realização dos curativos.

Escala Portuguesa de Flebite: adaptação transcultural, validade e confiabilidade para uso no Brasil / Portuguese Phlebitis Scale: cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability for use in Brazil / Escala Portuguesa de Flebitis: adaptación transcultural, validez y confiabilidad para uso en Brasil

Objetivos: Adaptar a Escala Portuguesa de Flebite para a cultura brasileira e verificar as propriedades psicométricas da versão adaptada. Métodos: Estudo metodológico envolvendo análise da equivalência semântica, cultural e idiomática para adaptação transcultural, cognitive debriefing, verificação da consistência interna e validade de construto. Equivalência foi analisada utilizando percentual de acordos. Validade de construto foi testada utilizando análise fatorial exploratória.A confiabilidade foi avaliada pela consistência interna (α de Cronbach e Ω de McDonald). Resultados: No processo de adaptação transcultural, envolvendo dez especialistas, dois itens não alcançaram concordância ≥ 80% e sofreram ajustes conforme as sugestões recebidas. Doze participantes do cognitive debriefing aprovaram a versão adaptada. Participaram da análise de confiabilidade e de validação do construto 244 adultos em uso de cateter venoso periférico. Análise fatorial exploratória identificou um único fator incluindo todos os itens testados (dor, eritema, edema, rubor no trajeto da veia e cordão venoso palpável) e carga fatorial > 0,743. Consistência interna do conjunto de itens foi alta (α de Cronbach = 0,771 e Ω de McDonald = 0,853). Conclusão: A Escala Portuguesa de Flebite ­ Versão adaptada para o Brasil mostrou-se válida e confiável. Alcançou propriedades que permitem sua utilização na prática clínica, no ensino e pesquisas no país.

Objectives: To adapt the Portuguese Phlebitis Scale to the Brazilian culture and verify the adapted version's psychometric properties. Methods: Methodological study involving analysis of semantic, cultural, and idiomatic equivalence for cross-cultural adaptation, cognitive debriefing, verification of internal consistency, and construct validity. The equivalence was analyzed considering the percentage of agreement among experts. Exploratory factor analysis was used to test construct validity. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency (Cronbach's α and McDonald's Ω). Results: In the cross-cultural adaptation process involving ten experts, two items did not reach an agreement ≥ 80% and underwent adjustments according to the suggestions received. Twelve cognitive debriefing participants approved the adapted version. Adults (n = 244) using a peripheral venous catheter participated in the reliability and construct validation analysis. Exploratory factor analysis identified a single factor, including all tested items (pain, erythema, edema, streak formation along the course of the vein, and palpable venous cord) and factor loading > 0.743. Internal consistency of the set of items was high (Cronbach's α = 0.771 and McDonald's Ω = 0.853). Conclusion: The Portuguese Scale of Phlebitis - Version adapted for Brazil proved valid and reliable. It achieved properties that allow use in Brazil's clinical practice, teaching, and research.

Objetivos: Adaptar la Escala de Flebitis Portuguesa a la cultura brasileña y verificar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión adaptada. Métodos: Estudio metodológico que involucró análisis de equivalencia semántica, cultural e idiomática para adaptación transcultural, debriefing cognitivo, verificación de consistencia interna y validez de constructo. Para el análisis de la concordancia de la equivalencia se utilizó el porcentaje de concordancias. Para probar la validez de constructo, se utilizó el análisis factorial exploratorio. La fiabilidad se evaluó mediante la consistencia interna (α de Cronbach e Ω de McDonald). Resultados: En el proceso de adaptación transcultural, en el que participaron diez expertos, dos ítems no alcanzaron un acuerdo ≥ 80% y se ajustaron de acuerdo con las sugerencias recibidas. Doce participantes en el debriefing cognitivo aprobaron la versión adaptada. Usuarios de catéter venoso periférico (n = 244) participaron en el análisis de confiabilidad y la validación de constructo. El análisis factorial exploratorio identificó un solo factor que incluía todos los ítems probados (dolor, eritema, edema, enrojecimiento en la vena y el cordón venoso palpable) y una carga factorial > 0,743. La consistencia interna de los ítems fue alta (αde Cronbach = 0,771 y Ω de McDonald = 0,853). Conclusión: La Escala Portuguesa de Flebitis ­ Versión adaptada para Brasil demostró ser válida y confiable. Alcanzó propiedades que permiten su uso en la práctica clínica, la docencia e la investigación en Brasil.

Care technology prototype for flushing practice in intravenous catheter maintenance / Prototipo de tecnología de cuidado para la práctica de flushing en el mantenimiento de catéteres intravenosos / Protótipo de tecnologia de cuidado para prática do flushing na manutenção de cateteres intravenosos

ABSTRACT Objective: to elaborate, based on the assessment of the nursing team's flushing practice, a care technology prototype aimed at promoting good practices in intravenous catheter maintenance in intensive care. Method: a technology elaboration study, developed in three stages: flushing practice assessment through a questionnaire completed by 108 nursing professionals working in intravenous catheter maintenance in intensive care settings of a public hospital located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data collection took place from November 2019 to January 2020, with descriptive and inferential data analysis; analysis of this practice regarding the existence of errors according to the main guidelines and scientific evidence, with classification of types of errors in the light of the conceptual framework of patient safety; and technology prototype development. Results: 88% of participants perform flushing in their practice; 49.5% apply the continuous pressure technique on the syringe plunger; 22% perform flushing before, between and after medication administration; predominance of use of volume and syringes with gauges of 5 ml and 10 ml. Variables related to knowledge were associated with not performing flushing. There were active and latent errors that guided the technology prototype construction. Conclusion: a care guide was built that aims to increase nursing team's knowledge about good flushing practices and is configured as a barrier to error recurrence.

RESUMEN Objetivo: elaborar, a partir de la evaluación de la práctica de flushing del equipo de enfermería, un prototipo de tecnología asistencial con el objetivo de promover buenas prácticas en el mantenimiento de catéteres intravenosos en cuidados intensivos. Método: estudio de elaboración de tecnología, desarrollado en tres etapas: evaluación de la práctica de flushing a través de un cuestionario completado por 108 profesionales de enfermería que actúan en el mantenimiento de catéteres intravenosos en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital público ubicado en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. La recolección de datos ocurrió de noviembre de 2019 a enero de 2020, con análisis de datos descriptivo e inferencial; análisis de esta práctica en cuanto a la existencia de errores según las principales guías y evidencias científicas, con clasificación de tipos de errores a la luz del marco conceptual de seguridad del paciente; y desarrollo del prototipo tecnológico. Resultados: el 88% de los participantes realizan flushing en su consulta; el 49,5% aplica la técnica de presión continua sobre el émbolo de la jeringa; el 22% realiza flushing antes, entre y después de la administración de medicamentos; hubo predominio del uso de volumen y jeringas con calibres de 5 ml y 10 ml. Las variables relacionadas con el conocimiento se asociaron con no realizar el flushing. Existieron errores activos y latentes que orientaron la construcción del prototipo tecnológico. Conclusión: se elaboró ​​una guía de atención que tiene como objetivo aumentar el conocimiento del equipo de enfermería sobre las buenas prácticas de flushing y se configura como una barrera para la recurrencia de errores.

RESUMO Objetivo: elaborar, com base na avaliação da prática do flushing da equipe de enfermagem, um protótipo de tecnologia de cuidado voltado a promover as boas práticas na manutenção dos cateteres intravenosos em terapia intensiva. Método: estudo de elaboração de tecnologia, desenvolvido em três etapas: avaliação da prática do flushing através de questionário preenchido por 108 profissionais de enfermagem atuantes na manutenção dos cateteres intravenosos em cenários de terapia intensiva de um hospital público localizado no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu de novembro de 2019 a janeiro de 2020, com análise descritiva e inferencial dos dados; análise dessa prática quanto à existência de erros segundo as principais diretrizes e evidências científicas, com classificação dos tipos de erros à luz do referencial conceitual da segurança do paciente; e elaboração do protótipo da tecnologia. Resultados: 88% dos participantes realizam o flushing na sua prática; 49,5% aplicam a técnica de pressão contínua no êmbolo da seringa; 22% realizam o flushing antes, entre e após a administração de medicamentos; predomínio da utilização do volume e de seringas com calibres de 5 ml e 10 ml. Variáveis relacionadas ao conhecimento associaram-se à não realização do flushing. Houve erros ativos e latentes que orientaram a construção do protótipo da tecnologia. Conclusão: construiu-se um Guia de Cuidado que objetiva ampliar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem sobre as boas práticas do flushing e se configura como uma barreira à recorrência dos erros.

Eficácia de uma intervenção educativa para prevenção de complicações no cateter venoso periférico / Effectiveness of an educational intervention for the prevention of peripheral venous catheter complications / Eficacia de una intervención educativa para la prevención de las complicaciones del catéter venoso periférico

RESUMO Objetivo avaliar a eficácia de uma intervenção educativa de prática baseada em evidências na prevenção de complicações no cateter venoso periférico. Método estudo observacional com intervenção educativa para profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital de Minas Gerais, Brasil, sobre as técnicas de flushing, push-pause e locking. Amostragem por conveniência: 181 cateteres no grupo pré-intervenção e 157 no pós-intervenção. Avaliaram-se a incidência de complicações e comparação pelos testes do Qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher. Resultados a incidência de complicações no grupo pós-intervenção foi: 4,5% para obstrução (p=0,000), 10,8% para remoção acidental (p=0,265) e 1,9% para flebite (p=0,847). A utilização das técnicas de flushing, push-pause e locking resultaram em significativa redução na incidência de obstrução. Conclusão a intervenção educativa possibilitou conhecimento atualizado e a implementação do flushing, push-pause e locking nas práticas de enfermagem. O estudo é uma contribuição para o planejamento de intervenção de enfermagem para reduzir a ocorrência de obstrução.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an evidence-based practice educational intervention in preventing peripheral venous catheter complications. Method observational study with educational intervention for nursing professionals of a hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil, about flushing, push-pause and locking techniques. Convenience sampling: 181 catheters in the pre-intervention group and 157 in the post-intervention group. The incidence of complications was evaluated and compared by the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results the incidence of complications in the post-intervention group was: 4.5% for obstruction (p=0.000), 10.8% for accidental removal (p=0.265) and 1.9% for phlebitis (p=0.847). The use of the flushing, push-pause and locking techniques resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of obstruction. Conclusion the educational intervention enabled updated knowledge and the implementation of flushing, push-pause and locking in nursing practices. The study is a contribution to nursing intervention planning to reduce the occurrence of obstruction.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de una intervención educativa basada en la evidencia para prevenir las complicaciones del catéter venoso periférico. Método estudio observacional con intervención educativa para los profesionales de enfermería de un hospital de Minas Gerais, Brasil, sobre las técnicas de lavado, empuje-pausa y bloqueo. Muestreo de conveniencia: 181 catéteres en el grupo pre-intervención y 157 en el grupo post-intervención. La incidencia de complicaciones y la comparación se evaluaron mediante los tests de Chi-cuadrado y exacto de Fisher. Resultados la incidencia de complicaciones en el grupo posterior a la intervención fue del 4,5% para la obstrucción (p=0,000), del 10,8% para la extracción accidental (p=0,265) y del 1,9% para la flebitis (p=0,847). El uso de las técnicas de enjuague, empuje-pausa y bloqueo dio lugar a una reducción significativa de la incidencia de la obstrucción. Conclusión la intervención educativa permitió la actualización de los conocimientos y la implementación del flushing, push-pause y locking en las prácticas de enfermería. El estudio es una contribución a la planificación de la intervención de enfermería para reducir la aparición de la obstrucción.

Home fall of elderly people: implications of stressors and representations in the COVID-19 context.

OBJECTIVES: To describe personal conditions and home structure that predisposes the elderly to the risk of falling, in the perspective of Neuman's stressors; to describe the content, structure and origin of social representations about falling at home by elderly people; and conjecture the implications of this empirical evidence on the daily lives of the elderly in the context of the pandemic caused by COVID-19. METHOD: Mixed method with concomitant triangulation (January-July/2017), qualitative design (structural and procedural approaches to the Social Representations Theory) and quantitative (sectional) approaching elderly people ≥65 years. RESULTS: Environmental factors were identified for falling at home, fear of activities of daily living and loss of visual acuity. Feelings and behaviors mentioned in the possible central nucleus justified the modulation of behaviors. Analysis categories: 1) Representation of the (in)adaptability of the home environment; 2) Representation and overcoming limitations arising from weaknesses. CONCLUSION: It was possible to produce conjectures based on empirical evidence in the current situation in the pandemic's dynamics.

Quality of life and falls in elderly people: a mixed methods study.

OBJECTIVE: to assess elderly people's quality of life, understanding the social representations of falls. METHODS: a convergent mixed methods research carried out at homes, with a sample of 134 elderly people. A structured questionnaire was used, covering sociodemographic variables and factors that indicated frailty and risk of falling. For quality of life assessment, Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 and Theory of Social Representations, Abric's structural approach were used, with data treated by dictionary of equivalent terms, processed in Evoc 2000, converging analytically according to Neuman. RESULTS: quality of life impairment was identified in terms of physical, emotional and functional capacity. The elements of the possible central nucleus were fall, fear, and bruised-broken-bone. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: quality of life impairment can contribute to increase the number of falls, which has been shown to be an event present in elderly people's lives through evocations. Understanding elderly people's individual demands allows planning actions.

Quality of life and falls in elderly people: a mixed methods study / Calidad de vida y caídas en los ancianos: estudio del método mixto / Qualidade de vida e quedas em idosos: estudo de método misto

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess elderly people's quality of life, understanding the social representations of falls. Methods: a convergent mixed methods research carried out at homes, with a sample of 134 elderly people. A structured questionnaire was used, covering sociodemographic variables and factors that indicated frailty and risk of falling. For quality of life assessment, Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 and Theory of Social Representations, Abric's structural approach were used, with data treated by dictionary of equivalent terms, processed in Evoc 2000, converging analytically according to Neuman. Results: quality of life impairment was identified in terms of physical, emotional and functional capacity. The elements of the possible central nucleus were fall, fear, and bruised-broken-bone. Final considerations: quality of life impairment can contribute to increase the number of falls, which has been shown to be an event present in elderly people's lives through evocations. Understanding elderly people's individual demands allows planning actions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de vida de los ancianos, entendiendo las representaciones sociales de las caídas. Métodos: investigación de método mixto convergente, realizada en el domicilio, con una muestra de 134 ancianos. Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado, cubriendo variables sociodemográficas y la presencia de factores indicativos de fragilidad y riesgo de caídas. Para la evaluación de la calidad de vida se utilizó el Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 y Theory of Social Representations, enfoque estructural de Abric, con datos tratados por diccionario de términos equivalentes, procesados en el software Evoc 2000, convergiendo analíticamente según Neuman. Resultados: se identificó deterioro de la calidad de vida en los aspectos de capacidad física, emocional y funcional. Los elementos del posible núcleo central caían, miedo y huesos rotos, magullados. Consideraciones finales: las deficiencias en la calidad de vida pueden contribuir al aumento del número de caídas, que resultó ser un evento presente en la vida de los ancianos a través de evocaciones. Comprender las demandas individuales de los ancianos permite planificar acciones

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida dos idosos, compreendendo as representações sociais sobre quedas. Métodos: pesquisa de método misto convergente, realizada em domicílio, tendo como amostra 134 idosos. Utilizou-se questionário estruturado abrangendo variáveis sociodemográficas e presença de fatores que indicassem fragilidade e risco para queda. Para avaliação da qualidade de vida, utilizou-se Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 e Teoria das Representações Sociais, abordagem estrutural de Abric, sendo os dados tratados por dicionário de termos equivalentes, processados no software Evoc 2000, convergindo analiticamente segundo Neuman. Resultados: identificou-se comprometimento da qualidade de vida nos aspectos físico, emocional e de capacidade funcional. Os elementos do possível núcleo central foram queda, medo e machucado-osso-quebrado. Considerações finais: prejuízos na qualidade de vida podem contribuir no aumento do número de quedas, que se mostrou um evento presente na vida do idoso através das evocações. Compreender as demandas individuais do idoso permite o planejamento de ações.

Práticas de enfermagem relacionadas ao flushing em cateter venoso periférico: estudo descritivo / Prácticas de enfermería relacionadas com el lavado en catéteres venosos periféricos: estudio descriptivo / Nursing practices related to flushing in peripheral venous catheters: a descriptive study

Objetivo: Analisar as práticas de enfermagem relacionadas ao flushing para prevenção da obstrução do cateter venoso periférico. Método: Estudo descritivo com aplicação de questionário aos 78 profissionais de enfermagem e checklist durante a observação das práticas de enfermagem numa clínica médica, durante 30 dias. Resultados: 89,7% dos profissionais de enfermagem realizavam o flushing na prática clínica. A técnica de pushpause era realizada por 12,86% dos participantes. A seringa mais utilizada foi de 10ml (85,72%), com 10ml de solução fisiológica 0,9% (52,86%). A técnica push-pause foi realizada em 10,7% das observações e a avaliação da permeabilidade do cateter em 3,6%. Conclusão: O flushing é utilizado para prevenção da obstrução do cateter nas práticas de enfermagem, entretanto, verificou-se diferenças na técnica, tamanho da seringa, volume de solução fisiológica utilizada e momentos para realização entre os profissionais e o recomendado pela literatura(AU)

Objective: To analyze nursing practices related to flushing to prevent peripheral venous catheter obstruction. Method: Descriptive study, with application of a semi-structured questionnaire to 78 members of the nursing team, and observation of the clinical practices of medical clinic professionals regarding prevention of obstruction, during 30 days, using a checklist. Results: 89.7% of nursing professionals performed flushing in clinical practice. The push-pause technique was performed by 12.86% of the participants. The most used syringe was the 10ml (85.72%) one with 10ml of 0.9% saline solution (52.86%). The push-pause technique was performed in 10.7% of the observations and catheter permeability evaluation in 3.6%. Conclusion: Flushing is used to prevent catheter obstruction in nursing practices, however, differences in technique, syringe size, volume of saline solution used, and times of performance were observed among professionals and those recommended by the literature(AU)

Objetivo: Analizar las prácticas de enfermería relacionadas con el flushing para prevenir la obstrucción del catéter venoso periférico. Método: Estudio descriptivo con aplicación de cuestionario a 78 profesionales de la enfermería y checklist durante la observación de las prácticas en una clínica médica, durante 30 días. Resultados: El 89,7% de los profesionales realizó el flushing en la práctica. El 12,86% de los participantes realizó la técnica de empuje-pausa. La jeringa más utilizada fue la de 10 ml (85,72%), con 10 ml de solución salina (52,86%). La técnica de empuje-pause se realizó en el 10,7% de las observaciones, y la evaluación de la permeabilidad del catéter en el 3,6%. Conclusión: El flushing se utiliza para prevenir la obstrucción del catéter en las prácticas de enfermería, sin embargo, se verificaron diferencias en la técnica, el tamaño de la jeringa, el volumen de solución salina y los momentos de realización entre los profesionales y lo recomendado por la literatura.(AU)

Enfermeiros para o cuidado no pré-parto, trabalho de parto e pós-parto: revisão integrativa

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as contribuições das tecnologias utilizadas para dimensionar o número de enfermeiros para o cuidado no pré-parto, parto e pós-parto hospitalar. Material e Método: Revisão integrativa utilizando o Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) para classificar o nível das evidências, nas bases de dados Cinhal, Lilacs, PubMed e Scopus. Com a aplicação das estratégias de busca, 425 artigos inicialmente foram recuperados e deles apenas 5 continham o tema tecnologias para dimensionar enfermeiros no pré-parto, parto e pós-parto hospitalar. Resultados: Dois artigos foram classificados com evidência moderada, e neles se afirma que: As enfermeiras são mal distribuídas e não podem participar de treinamento e atualização; ferramentas simples podem ser utilizadas para determinar a equipe apropriada a níveis necessários e seguros, tornando mais eficientes as ações das enfermeiras no parto. Conclusão: As contribuições das tecnologias acerca do dimensionamento de pessoal, não podem ser efetivamente demonstradas vista o limitado número de estudos identificado. Mas, os artigos incluídos nesta revisão enfatizam a importância de um quantitativo adequado de enfermeiros, para garantir uma assistência segura e de qualidade no parto.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the contributions of the technologies used to measure the number of nurses in hospital labor, delivery and postpartum care. Material and Method: Integrative review using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) to classify the level of evidence in the Cinhal, Lilacs, PubMed and Scopus databases. With the application of the search strategies, 425 articles were initially retrieved and only 5 of them dealt with technologies to assess nurse staffing in hospital labor, delivery and postpartum care. Results: Two articles were classified as containing moderate evidence, and they describe that nurses are poorly distributed and cannot participate in training and updating skills; simple tools can be used to determine the appropriate staffing at necessary and safe levels, making the actions of nurses more efficient during childbirth. Conclusion: The contributions of technologies, related to nurse staffing, cannot be demonstrated effectively due to the limited number of studies identified. Nevertheless, the articles included in this review emphasize the importance of an adequate number of nurses to ensure safe and quality care during childbirth.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los aportes de las tecnologías utilizadas para medir el número de enfermeras para la atención en el preparto, parto y posparto hospitalario. Material y Método: Revisión integradora utilizando el Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) para clasificar el nivel de evidencia en las bases de datos Cinhal, Lilacs, PubMedy Scopus. Con la aplicación de las estrategias de búsqueda, se recuperaron inicialmente 425 artículos y solo 5 de ellos contenían las tecnologías temáticas para dimensionar enfermeras en el preparto, parto y posparto hospitalario. Resultados: Se clasificaron dos artículos con evidencia moderada, en los cuales se afirma que: Las enfermeras están mal distribuidas y no pueden participar en la capacitación y actualización; se pueden utilizar herramientas simples para determinar el equipo adecuado a niveles necesarios y seguros, haciendo más eficientes las acciones de las enfermeras durante el parto. Conclusión: Los aportes de las tecnologías, relacionadas com el dimensionamiento del personal, no se pueden demostrar de forma eficaz por el limitado número de estudios identificados. Sin embargo, los artículos incluidos en esta revisión enfatizan la importancia de un número adecuado de enfermeras, para garantizar una atención segura y de calidad durante el parto.

Home fall of elderly people: implications of stressors and representations in the COVID-19 context / Caída de ancianos en casa: implicaciones de estresores y representaciones en el contexto de COVID-19 / Queda domiciliar de idosos: implicações de estressores e representações no contexto da COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objectives To describe personal conditions and home structure that predisposes the elderly to the risk of falling, in the perspective of Neuman's stressors; to describe the content, structure and origin of social representations about falling at home by elderly people; and conjecture the implications of this empirical evidence on the daily lives of the elderly in the context of the pandemic caused by COVID-19. Method Mixed method with concomitant triangulation (January-July/2017), qualitative design (structural and procedural approaches to the Social Representations Theory) and quantitative (sectional) approaching elderly people ≥65 years. Results Environmental factors were identified for falling at home, fear of activities of daily living and loss of visual acuity. Feelings and behaviors mentioned in the possible central nucleus justified the modulation of behaviors. Analysis categories: 1) Representation of the (in)adaptability of the home environment; 2) Representation and overcoming limitations arising from weaknesses. Conclusion It was possible to produce conjectures based on empirical evidence in the current situation in the pandemic's dynamics.

RESUMEN Objetivos Describir las condiciones personales y la estructura del hogar que predispone a los ancianos al riesgo de caerse, en la perspectiva de los factores estresantes de Neuman; Describir el contenido, la estructura y el origen de las representaciones sociales sobre el hecho de caer en el hogar por personas mayores. y conjetura las implicaciones de esta evidencia empírica en la vida cotidiana de los ancianos en el contexto de la pandemia causada por COVID-19. Método método mixto con triangulación concomitante (enero-julio / 2017), diseño cualitativo (enfoques estructurales y procesales de la teoría de las representaciones sociales) y enfoque cuantitativo (seccional) para personas mayores ≥65 años. Resultados Se identificaron factores ambientales para caerse en casa, miedo a las actividades de la vida diaria y pérdida de agudeza visual. Los sentimientos y los comportamientos mencionados en el posible núcleo central justificaron la modulación de los comportamientos. Categorías de análisis: 1) Representación de la (in) adaptabilidad del entorno del hogar; 2) Representación y superación de limitaciones derivadas de debilidades. Conclusión Fue posible producir conjeturas basadas en evidencia empírica en la situación actual de la dinámica de la pandemia.

RESUMO Objetivos Descrever condições pessoais e estrutura domiciliar que predispõe a pessoa idosa ao risco de queda, na perspectiva de estressores de Neuman; descrever os conteúdos, a estrutura e a origem das representações sociais sobre queda no domicílio por pessoas idosas; e conjecturar as implicações destas evidências empíricas sobre o cotidiano de idosos no contexto da pandemia ocasionada pelo COVID-19. Método Método misto com triangulação convergente (Janeiro-Julho/2017), delineamento qualitativo (abordagens estrutural e processual da Teoria das Representações Sociais) e quantitativo (seccional) abordando idosos (≥65 anos). Resultados Identificaram-se fatores ambientais para queda no domicílio, medo diante das atividades de vida diária e perda da acuidade visual. Sentimentos e comportamentos mencionados no possível núcleo central justificaram a modulação de comportamentos. Categorias de análise: 1)Representação da (in)adaptabilidade do ambiente domiciliar; 2) Representação e superação de limitações advindas das fragilidades. Conclusão Foi possível produzir conjecturas sustentadas nas evidências empíricas na situação atual na dinâmica da pandemia.

Referral to the national network of integrated care: the nurses' perception.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the referral to the National Network of Integrated Continuous Care, from the perspective of nurses who work in this care context. METHOD: an exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, with data collection between July and September 2019 through interviews with 12 nurses who work in Integrated Continuous Care Teams, in Northern Portugal. The content analysis technique was used to analyze the statements. RESULTS: the professionals revealed that there are difficulties and constraints in the process of referring users to the National Network of Integrated Continuous Care. The process is bureaucratic, complex, and time-consuming, conditioning user accessibility to timely care. CONCLUSION: the referral process is a very bureaucratic and time-consuming procedure, which not only conditions and delays users' access to the National Network of Integrated Continuous Care network, contributing to the worsening of the clinical status of some patients. The number of professionals is insufficient, inducing the demand for services through urgency. The focus on primary care should seek to improve inequalities in access, compete for more equitable and accessible care, generating more quality in health care.

The flushing procedure in nursing practices: A cross-sectional study with Portuguese and Brazilian nurses.

BACKGROUND: In patients with peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs), performing flushing is an essential procedure to maintain catheter patency and prevent complications. These PIVC related complications can lead to premature removal and therapeutics interruption, which implies the need of a new catheterization thus increasing patient discomfort and pain. AIMS: To identify nursing practices related to the flushing procedure, namely: moment(s) of the flushing; the syringe size used; the flush solution, volume and technique; the knowledge and accomplishment of the recommended standards on flushing by nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between July and December 2017, with Brazilian and Portuguese nurses. An online questionnaire was developed based on the international recommendations on flushing procedure. Descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 76 nurses answered the questionnaire. The majority of nurses (84.2%) performed flushing: the most common technique used was continuous syringe pressure (31.2%), with the push-pause technique being performed by 23.4% of the nurses. Despite the majority performs flushing at four distinct moments (after the PIVC insertion, before, between and after drug delivery), there are inconsistencies in flush solution, volume, and syringe size. The most used volume to perform flushing was 5 mL, filled using normal saline. Despite this, they also recognized the omission of this procedure due to time constrains, no familiarity with the procedure and unavailable material. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified that flushing procedure isn't always performed by nurses in their clinical practice. Also, several inconsistencies were observed between nurses that performed flushing, reflecting the lack of empirical evidence in this area of research.

Tourniquets used in peripheral venipuncture as a potential vehicle for transmission of microorganisms: scoping review / Torniquetes utilizados en la venopunción periférica como potencial vehículo de transmisión de microorganismos: revisión de alcance

Introduction: The tourniquet used in venipuncture appears as a potential vehicle for the transmission of microorganisms that interferes with safety and the quality of clinical services. Objective: Mapping the scientific evidence on the microbiological contamination of the tourniquets used in peripheral venipuncture. Methodology: Scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Results: 20 studies have been included, in which of 1477 tourniquets were analyzed. The rates of microbiological contamination varied between 10-100% and 19 studies reported the presence of S. aureus, 11 of them detected methicillin-resistant strains with prevalence between 3.3-58.3%. Conclusion: The contamination rate in the majority of studies was ≥70%, including 4 studies which had sampled ≥100 tourniquets. The evidence of our study is that the tourniquets are reservoirs of potential pathogens and can be transmitted to patient on staff hands. We recommend studies that confirm the reusable tourniquets can be responsible to healthcare associated infections.

Introducción: El torniquete utilizado en la venopunción aparece como potencial vehículo para transmisión de microorganismos que entorpece la seguridad y calidad de los servicios clínicos. Objetivo: Mapear pruebas científicas sobre contaminación microbiológica de los torniquetes utilizados en la venopunción periférica. Metodología: Revisión de acuerdo con la metodología del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Resultados: Se han incluido 20 estudios, en los que se analizó un total de 1477 torniquetes. Las tasas de contaminación microbiológica variaron entre 10-100% y 19 estudios informaron la presencia de S. aureus, 11 detectaron cepas resistentes a meticilina con prevalencia entre 3.3-58.3%. Conclusión: La tasa de contaminación en mayoría de los estudios fue ≥70%, 4 estudios que habían muestreado ≥100 torniquetes. Nuestro estudio evidencia que los torniquetes son reservorios de patógenos y pueden transmitirse al paciente en manos del personal. Recomendamos estudios que confirmen que los torniquetes pueden ser responsables de las infecciones asociadas a la atención médica.

Representações sociais elaboradas por pessoas idosas sobre ser idoso ou envelhecido: abordagens estrutural e processual / Representaciones sociales elaboradas por personas ancianas sobre ser mayor o envejecido: enfoque estructural y procesual / Social representations elaborated by elderly people about being elderly or aged: structural and procedural approaches

Objetivo: discutir as representações sociais de pessoas com idade ≥65 anos sobre ser idoso ou envelhecido. Método: pesquisa delineada na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Participaram idosos de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde mineira. Coletaram-se dados de caracterização sociodemográfica e foram aplicadas técnica de evocação e entrevistas gravadas, em 2015, com análises prototípica e de conteúdo, apoiadas por softwares. Resultados: participaram 93 idosos, maioria mulheres (62,4%), com 72 anos em média e escolaridade ≤8 anos (88,15%). Identificaram-se conteúdos nucleares - comum: "avalia-ser-velho" e distintos: "idade-chega" e "experiência" (ser idosa) e "difícil-ruim" (ser envelhecida). Na abordagem processual, identificou-se engajamento para lidar com novas demandas, apesar do reconhecimento de limitações secundárias ao processo de envelhecimento. Conclusão: verificou-se ausência de conteúdos nucleares objetivados, sendo os comportamentos e pensamentos ancorados em experiências próprias e com terceiros, vinculados ao nível de (in)dependência, condições de vida e redes de apoio, carreando semelhanças e distinções.

Objective: to discuss the social representations of people aged ≥65 years about being elderly or aged. Method: research outlined in the Theory of Social Representations. Elderly people from Minas Gerais Basic Health Unit participated. Sociodemographic characterization data were collected and evocation technique and recorded interviews were applied in 2015, with prototypical and content analyzes, supported by softwares. Results: 93 elderly people participated, mostly women (62.4%), aged 72 years on average and with ≤8 years of education (88.15%). Nuclear contents were identified - common: "evaluates-being-old" and distinct: "age-arrives" and "experience" (being elderly) and "difficult-bad" (being aged). In the procedural approach, engagement to deal with new demands was identified, despite the recognition of secondary limitations to the aging process. Conclusion: there was an absence of objective nuclear contents, with behaviors and thoughts anchored in one's experiences and in other people's, linked to the level of (in)dependency, living conditions and support networks, carrying similarities and distinctions.

Objetivo: debatir las representaciones sociales que tienen personas con edad a partir de 65 años respecto a ser mayor o envejecido. Método: investigación basada en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Los participantes son ancianos de una Unidad Básica de Salud de Minas Gerais. Se recolectaron datos de caracterización sociodemográfica y se realizaron técnica de evocación y grabación de entrevistas, en 2015, con análisis prototípico y de contenido con el apoyo de softwares. Resultados: una cantidad de 93 ancianos participantes, mayoría mujeres (62,4%), con media de 72 años de edad y a partir de ocho años de escolaridad (88,15%). Se delimitaron contenidos nucleares comunes: "considera-ser-viejo" y "experiencia" (ser mayor) y "difícil-malo" (ser envejecido). En el enfoque procesual, se identificó compromiso para hacer frente a nuevas demandas, a pesar del reconocimiento de limitaciones secundarias al proceso de envejecimiento. Conclusión: se observó una falta de contenidos nucleares objetivos, puesto que los comportamientos y pensamientos son anclados en experiencias propias y con terceros, asociados al nivel de (in)dependencia, condiciones de vida y redes de apoyo y llevan puntos de similitudes y diferencias.