Growth Kinetics of Prodigiosin (Food Color) Produced by Novel Serratia marcescens bhu prodig Under Submerged Fermentation (SMF).

Prodigiosin is a promising food color due to its antibacterial, antimalarial, antimycotic characteristics, immunomodulating, and antitumor activities. Novel prodigiosin producing strain isolated from sugarcane field soil of Banaras Hindu University, India, characterized as Serratia marcescens bhu prodig by 16 sRNA. The effect of carbon, nitrogen source, and physical parameters (pH and temperature) on pigment yield was studied. The highest amount of pigment produced, which was 800.95 ± 0.05 mg/L, was detected when sorbitol and peptone were used as nitrogen and carbon source with pH 7 at 30 °C. The optimized condition scale-up in a bioreactor with a working capacity of 3.0 L, gave maximum pigment yield of 825 ± 0.05 mg/L with µ (Maximum specific growth rate), Yp/x, which represents the product yield coefficient, and Yp/s, which signifies the specific product yield coefficient and productivity of 0.3/h, 0.62, 0.80, and 0.02 g/L/h, respectively, after 72 h of cultivation in submerged fermentation (SMF). The isolated pigment was characterized as prodigiosin by the analysis of spectral data and GC-MS. The mass spectrophotometry investigation characterized pigment as 4-methoxy-5(5 methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)- 2,2-bipyrrole ring structure. The GC-MS chromatogram showed m/z of 323, representing prodigiosin. The prodigiosin yield and productivity obtained in the current finding were higher than in previous reports.

Photofunctionalization of Dental Implant Surfaces - A Histomorphometric Animal Study.

Aims: To compare and evaluate the degree of osseointegration of UV-treated (photo functionalized) and non-treated dental implants surface coated with Calcium phosphate using the Resorbable Blast Media (RBM) technique in an animal model. Settings and Design: Evaluative-Animal study design. Materials and Methods: Six titanium dental implants of diameter 3.2 mm and length of 8 mm with Calcium phosphate coated surface using RBM or resorbable blast media technology (Implant Genesis: Genesis Normo Implant system) were placed epicrestally into the proximal femoral condyle of New Zealand white female rabbits such that each animal received two implants. Before implantation, one out of the two dental implants was photo functionalized with intense UV light for 15 minutes. After twelve weeks of healing, the animals were euthanized and the harvested specimens were analyzed using histomorphometric light microscopy to assess two parameters bone-implant contact and bone volume density. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS version 23. P less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Tests used ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. Results: All six dental implants were osseointegrated. The overall mean bone-implant contact area (BIC) was 57.76% for non-UV treated whereas 88.4367% for UV-treated dental implants. The overall mean bone volume density (BVD) was 32.2333% for non-UV treated whereas 67.7533% for UV-treated dental implants. Conclusion: Significant effects were observed on the osseointegration of dental titanium implants within twelve weeks after UV photo functionalization. The UV photo functionalization of dental titanium implants in the current study significantly altered the BIC and bone density on osseointegration when observed over twelve weeks.

Valorization of lignin for the production of vanillin by Bacillus aryabhattai NCIM 5503.

Coconut coir waste is a rich lignocellulosic biomass. The coconut coir waste generated from temples is resistant to natural degradation, and its accumulation causes environmental pollution. Ferulic acid, a vanillin precursor, was extracted from the coconut coir waste by hydro-distillation extraction. The extracted ferulic acid was used for vanillin synthesis by Bacillus aryabhattai NCIM 5503 under submerged fermentation. In the present study, the Taguchi DOE (design of experiment) software was used to optimize the fermentation process, which resulted in a 1.3 fold increase in vanillin yield (640.96 ± 0.02 mg/L), as compared to the unoptimized yield of 495.96 ± 0.01 mg/L. The optimized media for enhanced vanillin production comprised; fructose 0.75 % (w/v), beef extract 1 % (w/v), pH 9, temperature 30℃, agitation speed 100 rpm, trace metal solution 1 % (v/v), and ferulic acid 2 % (v/v). The results show that the commercial production of vanillin can be envisioned using coconut coir waste.

Herbs-derived phytochemicals - a boon for combating COVID-19.

The recent pandemic, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), has put the whole world on alert with the threat of the virus that targets the human respiratory system. The disease has affected more than 633.6 million people globally and caused 6.5 million deaths since November 18, 2022. About 12.94 billion people are vaccinated as of November 18, 2022. Due to varied climatic conditions, SARS-CoV-2 has shown rapid mutation in recent years. Because of the lack of appropriate therapeutic drugs, inadequate diagnostic mechanisms, life-supporting medical facilities, and lack of awareness, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has become severe. Thus, the most efficient strategy to control this disease is to follow preventive measures. However, treating SARS-CoV-2 cases in Wuhan using traditional Chinese herbs has set an example to show how traditional health can contribute to treating this novel virus. Medicinal herbs are known for their antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, immunoadjuvant, and anti-inflammatory properties. These medicinal herbs are used during cooking and consumed regularly worldwide. In this view, medicinal herbs gained evident attention. These herbs can serve as a potential and economical remedy for combating the lethal effects of COVID-19. The present review highlights the phytochemicals and their mechanisms of action in preventing SARS-CoV-2. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42535-023-00601-9.

Aflatoxins in Cereals and Cereal-Based Products: Occurrence, Toxicity, Impact on Human Health, and Their Detoxification and Management Strategies.

Cereals and cereal-based products are primary sources of nutrition across the world. However, contamination of these foods with aflatoxins (AFs), secondary metabolites produced by several fungal species, has raised serious concerns. AF generation in innate substrates is influenced by several parameters, including the substrate type, fungus species, moisture content, minerals, humidity, temperature, and physical injury to the kernels. Consumption of AF-contaminated cereals and cereal-based products can lead to both acute and chronic health issues related to physical and mental maturity, reproduction, and the nervous system. Therefore, the precise detection methods, detoxification, and management strategies of AFs in cereal and cereal-based products are crucial for food safety as well as consumer health. Hence, this review provides a brief overview of the occurrence, chemical characteristics, biosynthetic processes, health hazards, and detection techniques of AFs, along with a focus on detoxification and management strategies that could be implemented for food safety and security.

Nivalenol Mycotoxin Concerns in Foods: An Overview on Occurrence, Impact on Human and Animal Health and Its Detection and Management Strategies.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi that infect a wide range of foods worldwide. Nivalenol (NIV), a type B trichothecene produced by numerous Fusarium species, has the ability to infect a variety of foods both in the field and during post-harvest handling and management. NIV is frequently found in cereal and cereal-based goods, and its strong cytotoxicity poses major concerns for both human and animal health. To address these issues, this review briefly overviews the sources, occurrence, chemistry and biosynthesis of NIV. Additionally, a brief overview of several sophisticated detection and management techniques is included, along with the implications of processing and environmental factors on the formation of NIV. This review's main goal is to offer trustworthy and current information on NIV as a mycotoxin concern in foods, with potential mitigation measures to assure food safety and security.

Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates using dairy processing waste - A review.

Bio-plastics are eco-friendly biopolymers finding tremendous application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Bio-plastics have suitable physicochemical, mechanical properties, and do not cause any type of hazardous pollution upon disposal but have a high production cost. This can be minimized by screening potential bio-polymers producing strains, selecting inexpensive raw material, optimized cultivation conditions, and upstream processing. These bio-plastics specifically microbial-produced bio-polymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) find application in food industries as packaging material owing to their desirable water barrier and gas permeability properties. The present review deals with the production, recovery, purification, characterization, and applications of PHAs. This is a comprehensive first review will also focus on different strategies adopted for efficient PHA production using dairy processing waste, its biosynthetic mechanism, metabolic engineering, kinetic aspects, and also biodegradability testing at the lab and pilot plant level. In addition to that, the authors will be emphasizing more on novel PHAs nanocomposites synthesis strategies and their commercial applicability.