Spatial and temporal variability of soil electrical conductivity related to soil moisture

Soil electrical conductivity (ECa) is a soil quality indicator associated to attributes interesting to site-specific soil management such as soil moisture and texture. Soil ECa provides information that helps guide soil management decisions, so we performed spatial evaluation of soil moisture in two experimental fields in two consecutive years and modeled its influence on soil ECa. Soil ECa, moisture and clay content were evaluated by statistical, geostatistical and regression analyses. Semivariogram models, adjusted for soil moisture, had strong spatial dependence, but the relationship between soil moisture and soil ECa was obtained only in one of the experimental fields, where soil moisture and clay content range was higher. In this same field, coefficients of determinations between soil moisture and clay content were above 0.70. In the second field, the low soil moisture and clay content range explain the absence of a relationship between soil ECa and soil moisture. Data repetition over the years, suggested that ECa is a qualitative indicator in areas with high spatial variability in soil texture.

Spatial and temporal variability of soil electrical conductivity related to soil moisture

Soil electrical conductivity (ECa) is a soil quality indicator associated to attributes interesting to site-specific soil management such as soil moisture and texture. Soil ECa provides information that helps guide soil management decisions, so we performed spatial evaluation of soil moisture in two experimental fields in two consecutive years and modeled its influence on soil ECa. Soil ECa, moisture and clay content were evaluated by statistical, geostatistical and regression analyses. Semivariogram models, adjusted for soil moisture, had strong spatial dependence, but the relationship between soil moisture and soil ECa was obtained only in one of the experimental fields, where soil moisture and clay content range was higher. In this same field, coefficients of determinations between soil moisture and clay content were above 0.70. In the second field, the low soil moisture and clay content range explain the absence of a relationship between soil ECa and soil moisture. Data repetition over the years, suggested that ECa is a qualitative indicator in areas with high spatial variability in soil texture.

Establishing management zones using soil electrical conductivity and other soil properties by the fuzzy clustering technique

The design of site-specific management zones that can successfully define uniform regions of soil fertility attributes that are of importance to crop growth is one of the most challenging steps in precision agriculture. One important method of so proceeding is based solely on crop yield stability using information from yield maps; however, it is possible to accomplish this using soil information. In this study the soil was sampled for electrical conductivity and eleven other soil properties, aiming to define uniform site-specific management zones in relation to these variables. Principal component analysis was used to group variables and fuzzy logic classification was used for clustering the transformed variables. The importance of electrical conductivity in this process was evaluated based on its correlation with soil fertility and physical attributes. The results confirmed the utility of electrical conductivity in the definition of management zones and the feasibility of the proposed method.

O delineamento de unidades de gerenciamento diferenciado, que pode determinar com sucesso regiões uniformes em termos de atributos da fertilidade dos solos que são de importância para o desenvolvimento das culturas, é uma das mais desafiadoras etapas da agricultura de precisão. Um método destacado consiste na utilização da informação associada à estabilidade da produtividade das culturas, contida nos mapas de produtividade; no entanto é possível se executar esse delineamento a partir de informações do solo. Nesse estudo o solo foi amostrado para condutividade elétrica e onze outras propriedades, buscando definir unidades de gerenciamento com uniformidade nessas propriedades. Análise de componentes principais foi utilizada para agrupar variáveis e lógica fuzzy foi utilizada para classificar as variáveis transformadas. A importância da condutividade elétrica nesse processo foi avaliada assim como as suas correlações com as propriedades físicas e químicas do solo. Confirmou-se a utilidade da condutividade elétrica na delimitação de unidades de gerenciamento diferenciado e a exeqüibilidade do método de delimitação proposto.

Establishing management zones using soil electrical conductivity and other soil properties by the fuzzy clustering technique

The design of site-specific management zones that can successfully define uniform regions of soil fertility attributes that are of importance to crop growth is one of the most challenging steps in precision agriculture. One important method of so proceeding is based solely on crop yield stability using information from yield maps; however, it is possible to accomplish this using soil information. In this study the soil was sampled for electrical conductivity and eleven other soil properties, aiming to define uniform site-specific management zones in relation to these variables. Principal component analysis was used to group variables and fuzzy logic classification was used for clustering the transformed variables. The importance of electrical conductivity in this process was evaluated based on its correlation with soil fertility and physical attributes. The results confirmed the utility of electrical conductivity in the definition of management zones and the feasibility of the proposed method.

O delineamento de unidades de gerenciamento diferenciado, que pode determinar com sucesso regiões uniformes em termos de atributos da fertilidade dos solos que são de importância para o desenvolvimento das culturas, é uma das mais desafiadoras etapas da agricultura de precisão. Um método destacado consiste na utilização da informação associada à estabilidade da produtividade das culturas, contida nos mapas de produtividade; no entanto é possível se executar esse delineamento a partir de informações do solo. Nesse estudo o solo foi amostrado para condutividade elétrica e onze outras propriedades, buscando definir unidades de gerenciamento com uniformidade nessas propriedades. Análise de componentes principais foi utilizada para agrupar variáveis e lógica fuzzy foi utilizada para classificar as variáveis transformadas. A importância da condutividade elétrica nesse processo foi avaliada assim como as suas correlações com as propriedades físicas e químicas do solo. Confirmou-se a utilidade da condutividade elétrica na delimitação de unidades de gerenciamento diferenciado e a exeqüibilidade do método de delimitação proposto.