RESUMEN
Loss of tear homeostasis, characterized by hyperosmolarity of the ocular surface, induces cell damage through inflammation and oxidation. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a sensor for osmotic changes, plays a crucial role as a calcium ion channel in the pathogenesis of hypertonic-related eye diseases. Capsaicin (CAP), a potent phytochemical, alleviates inflammation during oxidative stress events by activating TRPV1. However, the pharmacological use of CAP for eye treatment is limited by its pungency. Nitro dihydrocapsaicin (NDHC) was synthesized with aromatic ring modification of CAP structure to overcome the pungent effect. We compared the molecular features of NDHC and CAP, along with their biological activities in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells, focusing on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The results demonstrated that NDHC maintained cell viability, cell shape, and exhibited lower cytotoxicity compared to CAP-treated cells. Moreover, NDHC prevented oxidative stress and inflammation in HCE cells following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. These findings underscore the beneficial effect of NDHC in alleviating ocular surface inflammation, suggesting that NDHC may serve as an alternative anti-inflammatory agent targeting TRPV1 for improving hyperosmotic stress-induced ocular surface damage.
Asunto(s)
Capsaicina , Supervivencia Celular , Epitelio Corneal , Lipopolisacáridos , Estrés Oxidativo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Epitelio Corneal/efectos de los fármacos , Epitelio Corneal/metabolismo , Epitelio Corneal/patología , Capsaicina/análogos & derivados , Capsaicina/farmacología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Canales Catiónicos TRPV/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Células Cultivadas , Queratitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Queratitis/metabolismo , Queratitis/patología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismoRESUMEN
The development of methods to measure the size of nanoparticles is a challenging topic of research. The proposed method is based on the metrology of the stable vapor bubble created by thermal coupling between a laser pulse and the nanoparticle in a droplet. The measurement is realized by digital in-line holography. The size of the nanoparticle is deduced from numerical simulations computed with a photo-thermal finite element method.
