Morphological variation of the brachial plexus in four phyllostomid bat species (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae).

Despite the remarkable morphological modifications that occurred in the thoracic limbs of bats, information about the brachial plexus in this group is still scarce. The present study aimed to describe the origin, structure, and distribution of these peripheral nerves in four Phyllostomidae species. Both antimeres of six Artibeus lituratus, five Desmodus rotundus, seven Glossophaga soricina, and five Phyllostomus hastatus-all adult males from the Adriano Lúcio Peracchi Collection (UFRRJ)-were dissected. After complete exposure of the structure, we found that the brachial plexus of D. rotundus and P. hastatus is formed by the same roots (C5-T1), whereas the fourth cervical spinal nerve and the second thoracic spinal nerve are present in G. soricina (C4-T1) and A. lituratus (C5-T2), respectively. There was intraspecific variation and asymmetry in the origin of the structure and the combinations of nerve segments forming terminal branches. The distribution to the target muscles and patagium, however, was not subject to significant variation in our sample. Data presented here support the presence of two prevailing conditions in distribution of nerves to the bat muscles, and the innervation of the membranes seems to be explained by embryogenesis. Although the brachial plexus in phyllostomid bats is similar to that of other terrestrial Laurasiatheria, aspects identified in these bats, apparently unique to Chiroptera, may be related to anatomical changes in the thoracic limbs functionally linked to flight.

Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera: Streblidae) on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from a Private Natural Heritage Reserve in southeastern Brazil

Due to the small number of records of Streblidae on bats, despite extensive study on these mammals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a survey was carried out in an area of the Atlantic Forest. The present study was carried out at Bom Retiro Farm Natural Heritage Private Reserve. We captured 401 bats of 17 species, 13 genera, and four families; bat flies infested 221 bats of only four species. Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) has the highest fly diversity, with seven fly species: Trichobius joblingi (Wenzel, 1966) (n = 23), Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926) (n = 15), Strebla guajiro (García & Casal, 1965) (n = 15), Aspidoptera falcata (Wenzel, 1976) (n = 6) Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) (n = 8), Paraeuctenodes similis(Wenzel 1976) (n = 3), and Trichobius anducei (Guerrero, 1998) (n = 1). Two species infested Platyrrhinus lineatus (É. Geoffroy, 1810): Aspidoptera falcata (n = 1) and Anastrebla caudiferae (Wenzel, 1996) (n = 1). Paradyschiria parvula (Falcoz, 1931) (n = 11) infested Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. proxima (n = 12) and Trichobius uniformis (Curran, 1935) (n = 1) infested Sturnira lilium (É. Geoffroy, 1842). Sturnira lilium has the highest infestation rate, with ten out of 46 captured individuals parasitized, followed by Carollia perspicillata, with 33 out of 164 captured parasitized, and by P. lineatus with only two parasitized individuals out of ten. Among 97 streblid flies captured, M. proxima was the most abundant (27.83%), followed by T. joblingi (23.71%), and S. guajiro (15.46%). All remaining bat fly species represented 33%. Paradichyria parvula has the first record for Rio de Janeiro State.(AU)

Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera: Streblidae) on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from a Private Natural Heritage Reserve in southeastern Brazil

Due to the small number of records of Streblidae on bats, despite extensive study on these mammals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a survey was carried out in an area of the Atlantic Forest. The present study was carried out at Bom Retiro Farm Natural Heritage Private Reserve. We captured 401 bats of 17 species, 13 genera, and four families; bat flies infested 221 bats of only four species. Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) has the highest fly diversity, with seven fly species: Trichobius joblingi (Wenzel, 1966) (n = 23), Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926) (n = 15), Strebla guajiro (García & Casal, 1965) (n = 15), Aspidoptera falcata (Wenzel, 1976) (n = 6) Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) (n = 8), Paraeuctenodes similis(Wenzel 1976) (n = 3), and Trichobius anducei (Guerrero, 1998) (n = 1). Two species infested Platyrrhinus lineatus (É. Geoffroy, 1810): Aspidoptera falcata (n = 1) and Anastrebla caudiferae (Wenzel, 1996) (n = 1). Paradyschiria parvula (Falcoz, 1931) (n = 11) infested Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. proxima (n = 12) and Trichobius uniformis (Curran, 1935) (n = 1) infested Sturnira lilium (É. Geoffroy, 1842). Sturnira lilium has the highest infestation rate, with ten out of 46 captured individuals parasitized, followed by Carollia perspicillata, with 33 out of 164 captured parasitized, and by P. lineatus with only two parasitized individuals out of ten. Among 97 streblid flies captured, M. proxima was the most abundant (27.83%), followed by T. joblingi (23.71%), and S. guajiro (15.46%). All remaining bat fly species represented 33%. Paradichyria parvula has the first record for Rio de Janeiro State.

Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera: Streblidae) on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from a Private Natural Heritage Reserve in southeastern Brazil

Abstract Due to the small number of records of Streblidae on bats, despite extensive study on these mammals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a survey was carried out in an area of the Atlantic Forest. The present study was carried out at Bom Retiro Farm Natural Heritage Private Reserve. We captured 401 bats of 17 species, 13 genera, and four families; bat flies infested 221 bats of only four species. Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) has the highest fly diversity, with seven fly species: Trichobius joblingi (Wenzel, 1966) (n = 23), Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926) (n = 15), Strebla guajiro (García & Casal, 1965) (n = 15), Aspidoptera falcata (Wenzel, 1976) (n = 6) Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) (n = 8), Paraeuctenodes similis (Wenzel 1976) (n = 3), and Trichobius anducei (Guerrero, 1998) (n = 1). Two species infested Platyrrhinus lineatus (É. Geoffroy, 1810): Aspidoptera falcata (n = 1) and Anastrebla caudiferae (Wenzel, 1996) (n = 1). Paradyschiria parvula (Falcoz, 1931) (n = 11) infested Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. proxima (n = 12) and Trichobius uniformis (Curran, 1935) (n = 1) infested Sturnira lilium (É. Geoffroy, 1842). Sturnira lilium has the highest infestation rate, with ten out of 46 captured individuals parasitized, followed by Carollia perspicillata, with 33 out of 164 captured parasitized, and by P. lineatus with only two parasitized individuals out of ten. Among 97 streblid flies captured, M. proxima was the most abundant (27.83%), followed by T. joblingi (23.71%), and S. guajiro (15.46%). All remaining bat fly species represented 33%. Paradichyria parvula has the first record for Rio de Janeiro State.

New records of mites (Acari: Spinturnicidae) associated with bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in two Brazilian biomes: Pantanal and Caatinga.

A first survey of mite species that ectoparasitize bats in the states of Ceará and Mato Grosso was conducted. The specimens of bats and their mites were collected in areas of the Caatinga and Pantanal biomes. A total of 450 spinturnicids representing two genera and ten species was collected from 15 bat species in the Private Reserve of the Natural Patrimony Serra das Almas, Ceará State, Northeast Brazil and 138 spinturnicids represented by two genera and four species were found in seven bats species collected in Private Reserve of the Natural Patrimony Sesc Pantanal, Mato Grosso State, Central-Western Brazil. The occurrence of Cameronieta genus and the species Mesoperiglischrus natali as well as four new associations (Periglischrus iheringi - Chiroderma vizottoi; P. micronycteridis - Micronycteris sanborni; P. paracutisternus - Trachops cirrhosus; Spinturnix americanus - Myotis riparius) are registered for the first time in Brazil.

New records of mites (Acari: Spinturnicidae) associated with bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in two Brazilian biomes: Pantanal and Caatinga / Novos registros de ácaros (Acari: Spinturnicidae) associados com morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) em dois biomas brasileiros: Pantanal e Caatinga

Abstract A first survey of mite species that ectoparasitize bats in the states of Ceará and Mato Grosso was conducted. The specimens of bats and their mites were collected in areas of the Caatinga and Pantanal biomes. A total of 450 spinturnicids representing two genera and ten species was collected from 15 bat species in the Private Reserve of the Natural Patrimony Serra das Almas, Ceará State, Northeast Brazil and 138 spinturnicids represented by two genera and four species were found in seven bats species collected in Private Reserve of the Natural Patrimony Sesc Pantanal, Mato Grosso State, Central-Western Brazil. The occurrence of Cameronieta genus and the species Mesoperiglischrus natali as well as four new associations (Periglischrus iheringi - Chiroderma vizottoi; P. micronycteridis - Micronycteris sanborni; P. paracutisternus – Trachops cirrhosus; Spinturnix americanus - Myotis riparius) are registered for the first time in Brazil.

Resumo Ácaros ectoparasitos de morcegos são reportados pela primeira vez para os Estados do Ceará e Mato Grosso. Os espécimes de morcegos com seus ectoparasitos foram coletados em áreas dos biomas Caatinga e Pantanal. Foi coletado o total de 450 espinturnicídeos representados por dois gêneros e dez espécies sobre 15 espécies de morcegos na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Serra das Almas, Ceará, Nordeste Brasileiro e em sete espécies de morcegos coletadas na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Sesc Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Centro-Oeste Brasileiro foram encontrados 138 espinturnicídeos representados por dois gêneros e quatro espécies. A ocorrência do gênero Cameronieta e da espécie Mesoperiglischrus natali, além de quatro novas associações (P. iheringi - Chiroderma vizottoi; Periglischrus micronycteridis - Micronycteris sanborni; P. paracutisternus – Trachops cirrhosus; Spinturnix americanus - Myotis riparius) são registradas pela primeira vez no Brasil.

New records of mites (Acari: Spinturnicidae) associated with bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in two Brazilian biomes: Pantanal and Caatinga / Novos registros de ácaros (Acari: Spinturnicidae) associados com morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) em dois biomas brasileiros: Pantanal e Caatinga

A first survey of mite species that ectoparasitize bats in the states of Ceará and Mato Grosso was conducted. The specimens of bats and their mites were collected in areas of the Caatinga and Pantanal biomes. A total of 450 spinturnicids representing two genera and ten species was collected from 15 bat species in the Private Reserve of the Natural Patrimony Serra das Almas, Ceará State, Northeast Brazil and 138 spinturnicids represented by two genera and four species were found in seven bats species collected in Private Reserve of the Natural Patrimony Sesc Pantanal, Mato Grosso State, Central-Western Brazil. The occurrence of Cameronieta genus and the species Mesoperiglischrus natali as well as four new associations (Periglischrus iheringi - Chiroderma vizottoi; P. micronycteridis - Micronycteris sanborni; P. paracutisternus Trachops cirrhosus; Spinturnix americanus - Myotis riparius) are registered for the first time in Brazil.(AU)

Ácaros ectoparasitos de morcegos são reportados pela primeira vez para os Estados do Ceará e Mato Grosso. Os espécimes de morcegos com seus ectoparasitos foram coletados em áreas dos biomas Caatinga e Pantanal. Foi coletado o total de 450 espinturnicídeos representados por dois gêneros e dez espécies sobre 15 espécies de morcegos na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Serra das Almas, Ceará, Nordeste Brasileiro e em sete espécies de morcegos coletadas na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Sesc Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Centro-Oeste Brasileiro foram encontrados 138 espinturnicídeos representados por dois gêneros e quatro espécies. A ocorrência do gênero Cameronieta e da espécie Mesoperiglischrus natali, além de quatro novas associações (P. iheringi - Chiroderma vizottoi; Periglischrus micronycteridis - Micronycteris sanborni; P. paracutisternus Trachops cirrhosus; Spinturnix americanus - Myotis riparius) são registradas pela primeira vez no Brasil.(AU)

New records of mites (Acari: Spinturnicidae) associated with bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in two Brazilian biomes: Pantanal and Caatinga

Abstract A first survey of mite species that ectoparasitize bats in the states of Ceará and Mato Grosso was conducted. The specimens of bats and their mites were collected in areas of the Caatinga and Pantanal biomes. A total of 450 spinturnicids representing two genera and ten species was collected from 15 bat species in the Private Reserve of the Natural Patrimony Serra das Almas, Ceará State, Northeast Brazil and 138 spinturnicids represented by two genera and four species were found in seven bats species collected in Private Reserve of the Natural Patrimony Sesc Pantanal, Mato Grosso State, Central-Western Brazil. The occurrence of Cameronieta genus and the species Mesoperiglischrus natali as well as four new associations (Periglischrus iheringi - Chiroderma vizottoi; P. micronycteridis - Micronycteris sanborni; P. paracutisternus Trachops cirrhosus; Spinturnix americanus - Myotis riparius) are registered for the first time in Brazil.

Resumo Ácaros ectoparasitos de morcegos são reportados pela primeira vez para os Estados do Ceará e Mato Grosso. Os espécimes de morcegos com seus ectoparasitos foram coletados em áreas dos biomas Caatinga e Pantanal. Foi coletado o total de 450 espinturnicídeos representados por dois gêneros e dez espécies sobre 15 espécies de morcegos na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Serra das Almas, Ceará, Nordeste Brasileiro e em sete espécies de morcegos coletadas na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Sesc Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Centro-Oeste Brasileiro foram encontrados 138 espinturnicídeos representados por dois gêneros e quatro espécies. A ocorrência do gênero Cameronieta e da espécie Mesoperiglischrus natali, além de quatro novas associações (P. iheringi - Chiroderma vizottoi; Periglischrus micronycteridis - Micronycteris sanborni; P. paracutisternus Trachops cirrhosus; Spinturnix americanus - Myotis riparius) são registradas pela primeira vez no Brasil.

Small mammals (Chiroptera, Didelphimorphia, and Rodentia) from Jaíba, middle Rio São Francisco, northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil / Pequenos mamíferos (Chiroptera, Didelphimorphia, and Rodentia) de Jaíba, médio Rio São Francisco, norte do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

We report the results of small mammals inventories conducted in the region of Jaíba, northern Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil, from 1990 to 1995. This region is located in the southern limit of the Caatinga biome, and harbors a unique set of natural ecosystems and extensive agricultural areas. With a total effort of 2964 trap-nights and 44 net sessions, we captured 893 small mammals from 46 species, including four marsupials, 13 rodents, and 29 bats. We report on species that are endemic to the Caatinga (Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos and Xeronycteris vieirai), and species that are new to the mammal fauna of the state of Minas Gerais (Tonatia saurophila, X. vieirai, and Myotis lavali). We also provide the first valid voucher-supported record of Micronycteris sanborni from southeastern Brazil, and extend the known range of X. vieirai 800 km southward. All bats highlighted here as endemic or representing new records were associated to limestone outcrops, suggesting that preservation of this kind of habitat may be particularly relevant to the conservation of these mammals.

Reportamos os resultados de inventários de pequenos mamíferos conduzidos na região de Jaíba, norte de Minas Gerais, sudeste do Brasil, entre 1990 e 1995. Essa região está localizada no limite sul do bioma Caatinga, e abriga um conjunto único de ecossistemas naturais e extensas áreas cultivadas. Com um esforço total de 2964 armadilhas-noite e 44 sessões de captura com redes de neblina, nós capturamos 893 pequenos mamíferos, que permitiram a identificação de 46 espécies, incluindo quatro marsupiais, 13 roedores e 29 morcegos. Nós reportamos espécies endêmicas da Caatinga (Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos e Xeronycteris vieirai) e espécies que são novas para a fauna de mamíferos de Minas Gerais (Tonatia saurophila, X. vieirai e Myotis lavali). Nós também fornecemos o primeiro registro válido, com material testemunho, de Micronycteris sanborni para o sudeste do Brasil, e estendemos a distribuição geográfica conhecida de X. vieirai em 800 km na direção sul. Todos os morcegos destacados aqui como endêmicos ou representando novos registros estiveram associados a afloramentos de calcário, sugerindo que a preservação deste tipo de hábitat pode ser particularmente relevante para conservação desses mamíferos.

Mamíferos de um Fragmento Florestal em Volta Redonda, Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Mammals of a forest fragment in Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro state

O Estado do Rio de Janeiro, cuja fauna de mamíferos é uma das mais estudadas do Brasil, ainda possui áreas pouco amostradas, para as quais nenhum estudo foi publicado. No presente estudo são listadas as espécies de mamíferos que ocorrem em fragmento florestal, localizado na região do Médio Paraíba do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O rápido inventário foi realizado utilizando armadilhas do tipo Sherman e Tomahawk, armadilhas de queda, redes de neblina, avistamentos e relatos de moradores locais. Foram registradas 46 espécies de mamíferos, das quais nove encontram-se na lista da fauna ameaçada de extinção. Além disso, espécies de marsupiais Didelphis aurita e Gracilinanus microtarsus e o rato Juliomys pictipes são consideradas endêmicas da Mata Atlântica. Morcegos constituíram o grupo com maior representatividade de espécies (15,32%), seguido de roedores e carnívoros, ambos com 10,22%. Os resultados indicam que o Parque abriga 24,2% das espécies de mamíferos com ocorrência conhecida para o Estado, destacando a sua importância como área de proteção para o Médio Paraíba Fluminense, onde existem poucas unidades de conservação.a

The state of Rio de Janeiro, whose mammals species is one of the most studied in Brazil, still has areas poorly sampled, for which no study has been published. This study aims to survey the mammals of a forest fragment, located in the Médio Paraíba region of Rio de Janeiro state. The rapid mammal's survey was conducted using Sherman,Tomahawk and pitfall traps, mist nets , sightings and reports of local residents. We recorded 46 species of mammals, of which nine are on the list of threatened fauna. Moreover, the marsupials Didelphis aurita and Gracilinanus microtarsus, and the mice Juliomys pictipes are considered endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Bats were the group most representative species (15.32%), followed by rodents and carnivores, both with 10.22%. The results indicate that the park harbors 24.2% of mammal species known to occur in the state, highlighting its importance as a protected area for the Médio Paraíba, where there are few units of conservation.

Morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) capturados no Campus da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, com oito novos registros para o estado / Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) captured at the campus of the Federal University of Sergipe, including eight new records for the state

Neste estudo apresentamos uma lista de morcegos registrados em um fragmento florestal urbano do Campus da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Nordeste do Brasil. De julho de 2005 a setembro de 2007 coletamos um total de 400 indivíduos, distribuídos em cinco famílias, 13 gêneros e 18 espécies. Phyllostomidae foi a família com a maior riqueza de espécies. Carollia perspicillata, Artibeus lituratus e Platyrrhinus lineatus foram as mais abundantes, compreendendo mais de 65 por cento dos indivíduos capturados. Este trabalho apresenta a primeira ocorrência de oito espécies par o Estado de Sergipe, incluindo uma para a Mata Atlântica. Observações sobre aspectos reprodutivos das espécies mais abundantes são incluídas.

In this study we present a list of bats recorded in an urban forest fragment at the campus of the Federal University of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil. From July 2005 to September 2007 we collected a total of 400 individuals, distributed in five families, 13 genera and 18 species. Phyllostomidae was the most speciose family. Carollia perspicillata, Artibeus lituratus and Platyrrhinus lineatus were the most abundant species, comprising more than 65 percent of captured individuals. This work presents the first occurrence for eight species in Sergipe state, including one in Atlantic forest. Comments on reproductive aspects of more abundant species are included.

Distributions of the endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of nectarivorous and sanguivorous bats: a comparative immunocytochemical study.

The present study was conducted to clarify the influence of feeding habits on regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells secreting cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin (GAS), serotonin (5-HT) and enteroglucagon (GLUC) in the nectarivorous Anoura geoffroyi and Glossophaga soricina and the sanguivorous Desmodus rotundus bats of the Phyllostomidae family, by specific immunohistochemical methods. The regional distribution and frequency of the different types of endocrine cells varied according to their location in the GIT. 5-HT immunoreactive cells (IR), detected throughout the GIT of three bats, were the most predominant gastrointestinal endocrine cells. GAS-IR cells in A. geoffroyi were found at the base of the pyloric gland, while in G. soricina they could also be observed in the middle to basal portions of the gland. GLUC-IR cells were located in the fundic region of A. geoffroyi, G. soricina and D. rotundus. These endocrine cells were more abundant in the sanguivorous bat. In nectarivorous bats were compared to sanguivorous bat, which differ in dietary habits, difference in the distribution and relative frequency of gut endocrine cells would be predicted. The absence of some, and decrease in frequency of other, gastrointestinal endocrine cells may reflect, in part, its interspecies differences or dietary habits.

Deslocamento de Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) (Mammalia, Chiroptera) entre ilha e continente no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Movement of Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) (Mammalia, Chiroptera) between island and continent on State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Em 18 de julho de 2007, um indivíduo de Artibeus lituratus marcado com coleira plástica numerada foi recapturado no Parque Natural Municipal da Serra do Mendanha, município do Rio de Janeiro, 96 dias após ter sido capturado e marcado na Ilha de Itacuruça, no sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A distância linear entre os pontos de marcação e recaptura sugere um deslocamento de no mínimo 35 km, sendo 500 m sobre o mar.

One individual of Artibeus lituratus, marked with a colored and numbered plastic color necklace was recaptured on July 18th, 2007 at the Parque Natural Municipal da Serra do Mendanha, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 96 days after being captured and marked at Itacuruça Island, located on southern Rio de Janeiro State. The linear distance between the plots of marking and recapture suggests a minimum movement of 35 km, being 500 m oversea.

A comparative immunohistochemical study of endocrine cells in the digestive tract of two frugivorous bats: Artibeus cinerius and Sturnira lilium.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), gastrin (GAS), cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon (GLUC) endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of frugivorous Phillostomidae bats, Sturnira lilium and Artibeus cinerius, to clarify the correlation between distribution of cell types and their relative frequency, with feeding habits. Five portions of the gastrointestinal tract--fundus, pilorus, and three parts of the intestine, I, II and III--were examined. Most of the immunoreactive cells in the stomach and intestine were of triangular, oval or piriform shape. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were most commonly found in the S. lilium intestine I (66.6+/-9.9) and the A. cinerius intestine III (35+/-18). Gastrin-immunoreactive cells were the most abundant cell type in the pyloric glands of both species. They were more numerous in A. cinerius (126.9+/-27.4) than in S. lilium (75.8+/-1.8). CCK-immunoreactive cells were found in the alimentary tract epithelia at moderate frequencies in both species. GLUC-immunoreactive cells were detected at very low or low frequencies. This study suggests that there is a correlation between endocrine cell distribution and frequency, and the feeding habits of the bats.