Microenvironment M1/M2 macrophages and tumoral progression vary within C57BL/6 mice from same substrain in prostate cancer model.

Cancer mice models are critical for immune-oncology research; they provide conditions to explore tumor immunoenviroment aiming to advance knowledge and treatment development. Often, research groups breed their own mice colonies. To assess the effect of C57BL/6 mice breeding nuclei in prostate cancer development and intratumoral macrophage populations, an isotransplantation experiment was performed. C57BL/6J mice from two breeding nuclei (nA and nB) were employed for prostate adenocarcinoma TRAMP-C1 cell implantation; tumor growth period and intratumoral macrophage profile were measured. BL/6nB mice (54%) showed tumor implantation after 69-day growth period while BL/6nA implantation reached 100% across tumor growth period (28 days). No difference in total macrophage populations was observed between groups within several tumoral regions; significantly higher M2 macrophage profile was observed in tumor microenvironments from both mice groups. Nevertheless, BL/6nB tumors showed around twice the population of M1 profile (11-27%) than BL6nA (4-15%) and less non-polarized macrophages. The M1:M2 average ratio was 1:8 for group A and 1:4 for B. Our results demonstrate different tumor progression and intratumoral macrophage populations among mice from the same substrain. Data obtained in this study shows the relevance of animal source renewal for better control of murine cancer model variables.

Diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano de la maloclusión clase III / Early diagnosis and treatment of class III malocclusion

El objetivo del presente artículo es hacer una revisión de un tema muy importante como es el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la mal oclusión clase III en etapas tempranas, para lograr este objetivo se reunió a un grupo de residentes de Odontopediatría de diferentes universidades durante 6 meses, el cual realizó una búsqueda de información en las principales revistas y textos llegando a la conclusión de que la mal oclusión clase III es un síndrome dentofacial que genera mucha controversia en la odontología actual debido básicamente a la pregunta constante de los clínicos de cuándo será el momento oportuno para iniciar el tratamiento. La respuesta a esta interrogante dependerá de la gravedad de la mal oclusión y del estadío de crecimiento óseo en el que se encuentre el paciente; pero existen otras dimensiones a considerar como: las características clínicas, el correcto diagnóstico y las alternativas posibles de tratamiento (que serán necesarias para poder decidir acertadamente cuándo y cómo será el tratamiento de nuestro paciente). El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es orientar al clínico sobre diversos aspectos; de esta maloclusión, existentes en la literatura...

The aim of this article is to make a review of a very important theme as is the diagnosis and treatment of Class III malocclusion in early stages. To achieve this goal, we gather a group of residents in pediatric dentistry from different universities during six months, this group per formed a search for information in the most important journals and texts, coming to the conclusion that Class III malocclusion is a dentofacial syndrome that generates a lot of controversy in dentistry today, basically due to the constant question of clinicians about when is the correct time to treat this malocclusion. The answer to this question will depend on the severity of the malocclusion and on the bone growth stage of the patient; but there are other dimensions to consider such as: clinical characteristics, the correct diagnosis and possible treatment alternatives (that will be necessary to take into consideration in order to correctly choose when and how the treatment of our patient will be). The aim of this review is to guide clinicians through all the different aspects of this malocclusion that may exist in literature...

Enfermedad de Lhermitte-Duclos o gangliocitoma displásico cerebeloso: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Lhermitte-Duclos disease or cerebellar dysplastic gangliocytoma: Case report and literature review

La enfermedad de Lhermitte-Duclos o gangliocitoma displásico cerebeloso es una entidad infrecuente que se presenta como un proceso expansivo de la fosa posterior, de lento crecimiento y patogenia desconocida. Puede estar asociada a otras anomalías congénitas. Presentamos el caso de un gangliocitoma displásico de cerebelo en un paciente de sexo mascu lino, de 77 años de edad, con antecedentes de adenocarcinoma prostático, que fue estudiado por tomografía computada (TC) y resonancia magnética (RM). Los hallazgos característicos, junto con una evaluación neuroquirúrgica y un manejo apropiados, permitieron efectuar el diagnóstico preoperatorio sin necesidad de recurrir a exámenes histopatológicos.(AU)

The Lhermitte-Duclos disease or dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma is an uncommon disorder that presents as an expansive, slow growing process of the posterior fossa, of unknown pathogenesis, that may be associated with other congenital anomalies. A case is presented of a dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma in a 77 year-old male patient, with a history of prostatic adenocarcinoma. A study was made using Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MRI), where the characteristic findings enabled a preoperative diagnosis to be made without need for histopathological examination, in addition to a neurosurgical evaluation and appropriate management.(AU)

Enfermedad de Lhermitte-Duclos o gangliocitoma displásico cerebeloso: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Lhermitte-Duclos disease or cerebellar dysplastic gangliocytoma: Case report and literature review

La enfermedad de Lhermitte-Duclos o gangliocitoma displásico cerebeloso es una entidad infrecuente que se presenta como un proceso expansivo de la fosa posterior, de lento crecimiento y patogenia desconocida. Puede estar asociada a otras anomalías congénitas. Presentamos el caso de un gangliocitoma displásico de cerebelo en un paciente de sexo masculino, de 77 años de edad, con antecedentes de adenocarcinoma prostático, que fue estudiado por tomografía computada (TC) y resonancia magnética (RM). Los hallazgos característicos, junto con una evaluación neuroquirúrgica y un manejo apropiados, permitieron efectuar el diagnóstico preoperatorio sin necesidad de recurrir a exámenes histopatológicos...

The Lhermitte-Duclos disease or dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma is an uncommon disorder that presents as an expansive, slow growing process of the posterior fossa, of unknown pathogenesis, that may be associated with other congenital anomalies.A case is presented of a dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma in a 77 year-old male patient, with a history of prostatic adenocarcinoma. A study was made using Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MRI), where the characteristic findings enabled a preoperative diagnosis to be made without need for histopathological examination, in addition to a neurosurgical evaluation and appropriate management...

Remating behavior in Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) females is affected by male juvenile hormone analog treatment but not by male sterilization.

The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been proposed as an area-wide method to control the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann). This technique requires sterilization, a procedure that affects, along with other factors, the ability of males to modulate female sexual receptivity after copulation. Numerous pre-release treatments have been proposed to counteract the detrimental effects of irradiation, rearing and handling and increase SIT effectiveness. These include treating newly emerged males with a juvenile hormone mimic (methoprene) or supplying protein to the male's diet to accelerate sexual maturation prior to release. Here, we examine how male irradiation, methoprene treatment and protein intake affect remating behavior and the amount of sperm stored in inseminated females. In field cage experiments, we found that irradiated laboratory males were equally able to modulate female remating behavior as fertile wild males. However, females mated with 6-day-old, methoprene-treated males remated more and sooner than females mated with naturally matured males, either sterile or wild. Protein intake by males was not sufficient to overcome reduced ability of methoprene-treated males to induce refractory periods in females as lengthy as those induced by wild and naturally matured males. The amount of sperm stored by females was not affected by male irradiation, methoprene treatment or protein intake. This finding revealed that factors in addition to sperm volume intervene in regulating female receptivity after copulation. Implications for SIT are discussed.

Sensitivity to Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru). A study of 50 cases.

The Myroxylon pereirae resin (MP; balsam of Peru) is a natural resin used in the local treatment of burns and wounds. M. pereirae extracts and distillates are very often contained in a wide range of cosmetic products and causes frequently allergic contact dermatitis - to the extent of being considered an allergy marker to perfumes. We have carried out a retrospective study of 863 patients who have been submitted to patch tests from January 2002 to June 2004. A total of 50 patients were positive to MP. Thus, the prevalence was 5.79%, slightly higher in men (7.32%) than in women (4.91%). The positive patch tests were relevant in 64%. Over the last years, it appears that there is a clear increase of the prevalence of the sensitization to MP in all the studies published. We observe an increase of the prevalence especially in aged patients, where the sensitization is linked with the use of topical medications secondary to stasis dermatitis. The high frequency of allergy to MP in our area might be associated with manipulation of citrus fruits. The increasing use of cosmetic products by the male population can also be held responsible for the higher sensitization rate in this group of patients.

[Clinico-pathological diagnostic agreement among 429 autopsies from the Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubirán]. / Concordancia diagnóstica clinico-patológica en 429 autopsias del Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubirán.

Comparison of clinical and autopsy findings of the cases studied between 1984 and 1988, were made at the Department of Pathology of the Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion Salvador Zubiran in Mexico City. The goal was to determine the accuracy of clinical diagnoses. The total number of cases was 429. A decreasing number of autopsies as a function of time was observed. Thus, in 1985, 34.65% of the deaths was autopsied, whereas in 1988, the number dropped to 21.16%, overall mean of 27.31%. In 229 autopsies (53.8%), 353 findings of clinical significance were found; of these, 86 were in the main diagnoses and 267 in the causes of death. There were 171 overdiagnoses with therapeutic implications, 38 in the main diagnoses and 133 in the causes of death. Overdiagnoses and underdiagnoses were most common in infectious diseases, followed by respiratory and digestive diseases, while endocrinologic and rheumatologic diseases had the highest diagnostic concordance. It was also found that the diagnostic accuracy did not improve with time of hospitalization. A brief analyses of the probable causes of the decrease in the number of autopsies is made. It is concluded that, in spite of the great advances in clinical and technological knowledge, the high frequency of disagreements between clinical and anatomical diagnoses, indicate that autopsy continues playing a key role in the quality control of medical practice. This justifies by itself the performance of necropsies.

Transovarial transmission of Gamboa virus in a tropical mosquito, Aedeomyia squamipennis.

We report transovarial transmission of Gamboa virus (Bunyavirus) in Aedeomyia squamipennis, a tropical mosquito which is active and bloodfeeding throughout the year. Gamboa virus was isolated during each of the 28 months of the study from every mosquito stage, including eggs, demonstrating that vertical transmission is a maintenance mechanism of this virus. The overall minimum infection rate was 5.1/1,000 mosquitoes. Identification of the 567 isolates by neutralization indicated that greater than or equal to 2 serotypes or subtypes of Gamboa virus circulate at the study site.

A human case of encephalitis associated with vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana serotype) infection.

This paper describes a case of severe encephalitis in a 3-year-old Panamanian boy infected with the Indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. The virus was recovered from the child's throat on the fifth day of illness and a rise in neutralizing antibody titer was demonstrated in paired serum specimens. This is the second report of childhood encephalitis associated with vesicular stomatitis virus infection. These suggest that infection with vesicular stomatitis viruses may cause severe disease. Human infection with vesicular stomatitis viruses is common throughout the tropical Americas.

Tiaconazol crema vaginal en el tratamiento de la candidiasis vaginal / Vaginal tioconazole cream for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio abierto, no comparativo, de 20 casos de mujeres con vulvovaginitis producidos por Candida sp; tratados con tioconazol, crema vaginal al 2%, una vez al dia (100 mg) durante tres dias consecutivos. El 65% de la poblacion era caucasica, 25% negra y 10% mestiza. Las edades oscilaron entre 19 y 42 anos. Los sintomas y signos predominantes fueron: secrecion vaginal en un 100%, el prurito en un 75% y el eritema en un 20%. Dos evaluaciones clinicas de laboratorio a los 5 dias post-tramiento, mostraron un 90% de cura bacteriologica. En la evaluacion a los 30 dias se encontro solamente un caso de recidiva para una cura bacteriologica de 85%. Como efectos secundarios solamente se presento en 3 pacientes(15%) irritacion local, breve y transitoria. Los autores concluyen que el tiaconazol crema vaginal 2% es un recurso terapeutico valioso en el tratamiento de la candiasis vaginal.