RESUMEN
The Caatinga rainbow boa (Epicrates assisi Machado, 1945) is a snake belonging to the order Squamata, family Boidae, and subfamily Boinae. It has a wide distribution in Brazil and can be found in the Caatinga biome. The present study aims to report the first occurrence of Amblyomma rotundatum on E. assisi in the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba State (PB). On March 3, 2020, a tick collection was performed on the dorsal region of the head of an E. assisi, which was captive at the Arruda Câmara Zoobotanical Park, João Pessoa-PB. After collecting the tick, it was transferred to a flask containing 70º alcohol and sent to the Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA) for analysis. Identification was done with the aid of a stereomicroscope using a taxonomic key. The result identified this specimen as a nymph of A. rotundatum. The occurrence of this tick species on E. assisi is reported for the first time and constitutes new data applicable to the ectoparasites that occur in this host species in Brazil.(AU)
A jiboia arco-íris da Caatinga (Epicrates assisi Machado, 1945) é uma serpente pertencente à ordem Squamata, família Boidae, e subfamília Boinae. Esta possui ampla distribuição no Brasil, podendo ser encontrada no bioma Caatinga. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a primeira ocorrência de Amblyomma rotundatum em E. assisi no Município de João Pessoa, no Estado da Paraíba (PB). No dia 03 de março de 2020, foi realizada uma coleta de carrapato na região dorsal da cabeça de uma E. assisi, que se encontrava cativa no Parque Zoobotânico Arruda Câmara, João Pessoa-PB. Após a coleta do carrapato, este foi transferido para um frasco contendo álcool 70º e encaminhado ao Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) para análise. A identificação foi realizada com o auxílio de estere-omicroscópio usando-se chave taxonômica. O resultado identificou o referido espécime como uma ninfa de A. rotundatum. A ocorrência dessa espécie de carrapato em E. assisi é relatada pela primeira vez e constitui um novo dado aplicável aos ecto-parasitos que ocorrem nessa espécie hospedeira no Brasil.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Garrapatas/clasificación , Boidae/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Productivity in small ruminants can be compromised due to lice infestations. This pest infestation is controlled by the administration of insecticides, and their excessive use causes resistance. New control alternatives are being investiga-ted, especially the use of phytotherapeutics. Research using the oil from Carapa guianensis (andiroba) has shown insecticidal action on feline and goat lice specimens. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of C. guianensis seed oil, in vitro, on Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis.Nine hundred specimens of D. (Bovicola) ovis were randomly assigned into groups and were subjected to different treatments: (G1) 1,000 to 15.6 mg/mL of C. guianensis oil; (G2) 3% Tween 80 (negative control); and (G3) amitraz 1.25 g/mL (positive control). Data presentation was expressed as mean efficacy ± standard deviation using the statistical program SPSS version 23.0 and statistical differences of the experimental groups were obtained by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman. Probit Regression was performed to obtain CI50 and CI90, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The oil with a concentration of 1,000 mg/mL had an efficacy of 94% after 24 hours of exposure, differing statistically from the positive and negative control (p < 0.05). The IC50 and IC90 values were 439.21 mg/mL and 807.09 mg/mL, respectively. The action of the oil on the specimens was independent whether it was an adult female, male, or nymph. It is concluded that C. guianensis oil showed in vitro insecticidal effect against D. (Bovicola) ovis.(AU)
A produtividade em pequenos ruminantes pode ser comprometida devido as infestações por piolhos. O controle dessa infestação é realizado com a administração de inseticidas e seu uso excessivo causam resistências. Novas alternativas de controle estão sendo estudadas, destacando-se o uso de fitoterápicos. Pesquisas realizadas usando o óleo da Carapa guianensis(andiroba) mostraram ação inseticida sobre espécimes de piolhos de felinos e caprinos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do óleo da semente de C. guianensis, in vitro, sobre Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis. 900 exemplares de D. (Bovicola) ovis foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupos e submetidos a diferentes tratamentos: (G1) 1.000 a 15,6 mg/ml de óleo de C. guianensis; (G2) Tween 80 a 3% (controle negativo), e: (G3) Amitraz 1,25 g/mL (controle positivo). A apresentação dos dados foi expressa em eficácia média ± desvio padrão usando o programa estatístico SPSS versão 23.0 e diferenças estatísticas dos grupos experimentais foram obtidas por Kruskal-Wallis e Friedman. Para obtenção da CI50 e CI90 foi realizada Regressão de Probit, com nível de significância de p< 0,05. O óleo com concentração de 1.000 mg/ml teve uma eficácia de 94%, após 24 horas de exposição, diferindo estatisticamente do controle positivo e negativo (p< 0,05). Os valores da CI50 e CI90 foram de 439,21 mg/mL e 807,09 mg/mL, respectivamente. A ação do óleo sobre os espécimes foi independente se era adulto fêmea, macho ou ninfa. Conclui-se que o óleo de C. guianensis apresentou efeito inseticida in vitro contra D. (Bovicola) ovis.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ovinos/parasitología , Infestaciones por Piojos , Técnicas In Vitro , Meliaceae/química , Ischnocera/químicaRESUMEN
Productivity in small ruminants can be compromised due to lice infestations. This pest infestation is controlled by the administration of insecticides, and their excessive use causes resistance. New control alternatives are being investiga-ted, especially the use of phytotherapeutics. Research using the oil from Carapa guianensis (andiroba) has shown insecticidal action on feline and goat lice specimens. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of C. guianensis seed oil, in vitro, on Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis.Nine hundred specimens of D. (Bovicola) ovis were randomly assigned into groups and were subjected to different treatments: (G1) 1,000 to 15.6 mg/mL of C. guianensis oil; (G2) 3% Tween 80 (negative control); and (G3) amitraz 1.25 g/mL (positive control). Data presentation was expressed as mean efficacy ± standard deviation using the statistical program SPSS version 23.0 and statistical differences of the experimental groups were obtained by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman. Probit Regression was performed to obtain CI50 and CI90, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The oil with a concentration of 1,000 mg/mL had an efficacy of 94% after 24 hours of exposure, differing statistically from the positive and negative control (p < 0.05). The IC50 and IC90 values were 439.21 mg/mL and 807.09 mg/mL, respectively. The action of the oil on the specimens was independent whether it was an adult female, male, or nymph. It is concluded that C. guianensis oil showed in vitro insecticidal effect against D. (Bovicola) ovis.
A produtividade em pequenos ruminantes pode ser comprometida devido as infestações por piolhos. O controle dessa infestação é realizado com a administração de inseticidas e seu uso excessivo causam resistências. Novas alternativas de controle estão sendo estudadas, destacando-se o uso de fitoterápicos. Pesquisas realizadas usando o óleo da Carapa guianensis(andiroba) mostraram ação inseticida sobre espécimes de piolhos de felinos e caprinos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do óleo da semente de C. guianensis, in vitro, sobre Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis. 900 exemplares de D. (Bovicola) ovis foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupos e submetidos a diferentes tratamentos: (G1) 1.000 a 15,6 mg/ml de óleo de C. guianensis; (G2) Tween 80 a 3% (controle negativo), e: (G3) Amitraz 1,25 g/mL (controle positivo). A apresentação dos dados foi expressa em eficácia média ± desvio padrão usando o programa estatístico SPSS versão 23.0 e diferenças estatísticas dos grupos experimentais foram obtidas por Kruskal-Wallis e Friedman. Para obtenção da CI50 e CI90 foi realizada Regressão de Probit, com nível de significância de p< 0,05. O óleo com concentração de 1.000 mg/ml teve uma eficácia de 94%, após 24 horas de exposição, diferindo estatisticamente do controle positivo e negativo (p< 0,05). Os valores da CI50 e CI90 foram de 439,21 mg/mL e 807,09 mg/mL, respectivamente. A ação do óleo sobre os espécimes foi independente se era adulto fêmea, macho ou ninfa. Conclui-se que o óleo de C. guianensis apresentou efeito inseticida in vitro contra D. (Bovicola) ovis.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Infestaciones por Piojos , Ischnocera/química , Meliaceae/química , Ovinos/parasitología , Técnicas In VitroRESUMEN
The Caatinga rainbow boa (Epicrates assisi Machado, 1945) is a snake belonging to the order Squamata, family Boidae, and subfamily Boinae. It has a wide distribution in Brazil and can be found in the Caatinga biome. The present study aims to report the first occurrence of Amblyomma rotundatum on E. assisi in the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba State (PB). On March 3, 2020, a tick collection was performed on the dorsal region of the head of an E. assisi, which was captive at the Arruda Câmara Zoobotanical Park, João Pessoa-PB. After collecting the tick, it was transferred to a flask containing 70º alcohol and sent to the Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA) for analysis. Identification was done with the aid of a stereomicroscope using a taxonomic key. The result identified this specimen as a nymph of A. rotundatum. The occurrence of this tick species on E. assisi is reported for the first time and constitutes new data applicable to the ectoparasites that occur in this host species in Brazil.
A jiboia arco-íris da Caatinga (Epicrates assisi Machado, 1945) é uma serpente pertencente à ordem Squamata, família Boidae, e subfamília Boinae. Esta possui ampla distribuição no Brasil, podendo ser encontrada no bioma Caatinga. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a primeira ocorrência de Amblyomma rotundatum em E. assisi no Município de João Pessoa, no Estado da Paraíba (PB). No dia 03 de março de 2020, foi realizada uma coleta de carrapato na região dorsal da cabeça de uma E. assisi, que se encontrava cativa no Parque Zoobotânico Arruda Câmara, João Pessoa-PB. Após a coleta do carrapato, este foi transferido para um frasco contendo álcool 70º e encaminhado ao Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) para análise. A identificação foi realizada com o auxílio de estere-omicroscópio usando-se chave taxonômica. O resultado identificou o referido espécime como uma ninfa de A. rotundatum. A ocorrência dessa espécie de carrapato em E. assisi é relatada pela primeira vez e constitui um novo dado aplicável aos ecto-parasitos que ocorrem nessa espécie hospedeira no Brasil.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Boidae/parasitología , Garrapatas/clasificaciónRESUMEN
The chigger species Blankaartia sinnamaryi (Floch & Fauran) has been collected mainly from birds with a few records from reptiles and mammals. In Brazil, this species has been found on birds in the Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states. Here, we report the first record of B. sinnamaryi parasitizing the striped owl, Pseudoscops clamator (Vieillot), in the Paraíba state, Brazil (northeastern region).
Asunto(s)
Estrigiformes , Trombiculidae , Animales , BrasilRESUMEN
O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a eficácia inseticida in vitro do óleo essencial de Lippia gracilis sobre Bovicolaovis. Os espécimes (n = 900) de B.ovis foram coletados de ovinos naturalmente infestados, distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupos, e submetidos aos diferentes tratamentos: (G1) 1.000 a 15,6 mg/ml óleo essencial de Lippia gracilis; (G2) Tween 80 a 3% (controle negativo), e: (G3) Amitraz 1,25 g/mL (controle positivo). Realizou-se 4 réplicas (25 piolhos por réplica) para cada tratamento. A viabilidade dos piolhos foi avaliada nos tempos de 1, 3, 6, 24, 48 e 72 h. Os dados foram expressos em eficácia média ± desvio padrão (SPSS versão 23.0) e diferenças estatísticas dos grupos experimentais foram obtidas por Kruskal-Wallis e Friedman. Para obtenção da CI50e CI90 foi realizada Regressão de Probit, com nível de significância de p< 0,05. O óleo essencial de L. gracilis nas concentrações de 100 a 62,5 mg/mL apresentaram eficácia de 100%, 1 h pós-exposição. Os valores de CI50 e CI90 foram 18,1 mg/mL e 44,9 mg/mL, respectivamente. Dessa forma, concluímos que o óleo essencial de L. gracilis apresentou eficácia sobre B.ovis in vitro.
The objective of this work is to evaluate the in vitro insecticidal efficacy of the essential oil of Lippia gracilis against Bovicolaovis. The specimens (n = 900) of B.ovis were collected from naturally infested sheep, randomly distributed in groups, and subjected to different treatments: (G1) 1,000 to 15.6 mg/ml essential oil of Lippia gracilis; (G2) 3% Tween 80 (negative control), and: (G3) Amitraz 1.25 g/mL (positive control). 4 replicates (25 lice per replica) were performed for each treatment. Louse viability was assessed at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h. The data were expressed as mean efficacy ± standard deviation (SPSS version 23.0) and statistical differences in the experimental groups were obtained by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman. Probit regression was performed to obtain the IC50 and CI90, with a significance level of p <0.05. The essential oil of L. gracilis at concentrations of 100 to 62.5 mg/mL showed 100% efficacy, 1 h post-exposure. The IC50 and CI90 values were 18.1 mg/mL and 44.9 mg/mL, respectively. Thus, we conclude that L. gracilis essential oil is effective on B. ovis.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Fitoquímicos , Insecticidas/análisis , Rumiantes/fisiología , Aceites Volátiles/toxicidad , Lippia/toxicidad , Técnicas In VitroRESUMEN
O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a eficácia inseticida in vitro do óleo essencial de Lippia gracilis sobre Bovicolaovis. Os espécimes (n = 900) de B.ovis foram coletados de ovinos naturalmente infestados, distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupos, e submetidos aos diferentes tratamentos: (G1) 1.000 a 15,6 mg/ml óleo essencial de Lippia gracilis; (G2) Tween 80 a 3% (controle negativo), e: (G3) Amitraz 1,25 g/mL (controle positivo). Realizou-se 4 réplicas (25 piolhos por réplica) para cada tratamento. A viabilidade dos piolhos foi avaliada nos tempos de 1, 3, 6, 24, 48 e 72 h. Os dados foram expressos em eficácia média ± desvio padrão (SPSS versão 23.0) e diferenças estatísticas dos grupos experimentais foram obtidas por Kruskal-Wallis e Friedman. Para obtenção da CI50e CI90 foi realizada Regressão de Probit, com nível de significância de p< 0,05. O óleo essencial de L. gracilis nas concentrações de 100 a 62,5 mg/mL apresentaram eficácia de 100%, 1 h pós-exposição. Os valores de CI50 e CI90 foram 18,1 mg/mL e 44,9 mg/mL, respectivamente. Dessa forma, concluímos que o óleo essencial de L. gracilis apresentou eficácia sobre B.ovis in vitro.
The objective of this work is to evaluate the in vitro insecticidal efficacy of the essential oil of Lippia gracilis against Bovicolaovis. The specimens (n = 900) of B.ovis were collected from naturally infested sheep, randomly distributed in groups, and subjected to different treatments: (G1) 1,000 to 15.6 mg/ml essential oil of Lippia gracilis; (G2) 3% Tween 80 (negative control), and: (G3) Amitraz 1.25 g/mL (positive control). 4 replicates (25 lice per replica) were performed for each treatment. Louse viability was assessed at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h. The data were expressed as mean efficacy ± standard deviation (SPSS version 23.0) and statistical differences in the experimental groups were obtained by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman. Probit regression was performed to obtain the IC50 and CI90, with a significance level of p <0.05. The essential oil of L. gracilis at concentrations of 100 to 62.5 mg/mL showed 100% efficacy, 1 h post-exposure. The IC50 and CI90 values were 18.1 mg/mL and 44.9 mg/mL, respectively. Thus, we conclude that L. gracilis essential oil is effective on B. ovis.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Infestaciones por Piojos/veterinaria , Aceites Volátiles/uso terapéutico , Lippia/toxicidad , Insecticidas , Ovinos/parasitología , Medicamento FitoterápicoRESUMEN
Dentre as principais afecções que acometem aves silvestres e que dificultam a conservação desses indivíduos, estão as endoparasitoses, que ganham destaque devido a sua alta prevalência. Dentro do filo Nematoda, Capillaria spp. é tido como um dos gêneros de endoparasitos de maior interesse sanitário no âmbito da medicina de aves, pois pode parasitar psitacídeos, passeriformes, columbiformes, galiformes e rapinantes. Portanto, a fim de favorecer dados ecológicos da relação parasito-hospedeiro demonstrada através deste estudo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar, pela primeira vez no Brasil, a ocorrência de Capillaria spp. em N. erythrops olivascens. Os nematódeos deste gênero acometem, principalmente, o sistema respiratório e o trato gastrintestinal dos hospedeiros, causando inflamações e ulcerações nos locais de fixação, e ocasionando prejuízos à higidez dos animais. Uma das principais formas de diagnóstico é por meio do exame parasitológico das fezes dos animais acometidos e análise em microscopia óptica, onde pode-se observar a presença dos ovos. Assim, coletou-se fezes de um N. erythrops e encaminhou-se ao Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal da UFERSA. A coproparasitologia foi realizada por meio dos métodos de exame direto, flutuação com sulfato de zinco e OPG em câmara de McMaster, utilizando solução de cloreto de sódio a 0,9%. O animal foi tratado com ivermectina, mas percebeu-se que a utilização desse fármaco não surtiu efeito para a eliminação do parasito. A ocorrência desse Nematoda em N. erythrops, relatada pela primeira vez no Brasil, constitui um novo dado aplicável aos endoparasitos que ocorrem nessa espécie hospedeira.
Among the main conditions that affect wild birds and hinder the conservation of these individuals are the endoparasitic diseases, that stand out due to their high prevalence. Within the phylum Nematoda, Capillaria spp. is considered as one of the endoparasites genera which is of great health interest in the field of poultry medicine, since it can parasitize parrots, passerines, pigeons, galliforms and predators. Therefore, in order to provide ecological data on the parasite-host relationship demonstrated through this study, the objective of this paper was to report, for the first time in Brazil, the occurrence of Capillaria spp. in N. erythrops olivascens. Nematodes of this genus mainly affect the respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract of the hosts, causing inflammation and ulcerations at the sites of attachment, causing damage to the animals' health. One of the main forms of diagnosis is through parasitological examination of the feces of affected animals and analysis under optical microscopy, where the presence of eggs can be observed. Feces were collected of a N. erythrops and sent to the Laboratory of Animal Parasitology at UFERSA. Coproparasitology was performed by direct examination, flotation with zinc sulfate, and OPG in a McMaster chamber, using 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The animal was treated with ivermectin, but it was noticed that the use of this drug had no effect on the elimination of the parasite. The occurrence of this Nematoda in N. erythrops is reported for the first time and constitutes a new data applicable to the entoparasites that occur in this host species in Brazil.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Aves/parasitología , Capillaria , Infecciones por Enoplida/veterinaria , Heces/parasitología , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos/veterinariaRESUMEN
The chigger species Blankaartia sinnamaryi (Floch & Fauran) has been collected mainly from birds with a few records from reptiles and mammals. In Brazil, this species has been found on birds in the Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states. Here, we report the first record of B. sinnamaryi parasitizing the striped owl, Pseudoscops clamator (Vieillot), in the Paraíba state, Brazil (northeastern region).(AU)
A espécie de trombiculídeo, Blankaartia sinnamaryi (Floch & Fauran) tem sido coletada principalmente parasitando aves, com alguns registros em répteis e mamíferos. No Brasil, essa espécie foi encontrada em aves nos estados de Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro. No presente estudo, relatamos o primeiro registro de B. sinnamaryi parasitando a coruja-listrada, Pseudoscops clamator (Vieillot), no estado da Paraíba, Brasil (região Nordeste).(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Trombiculidae/clasificación , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/diagnóstico , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/veterinaria , Aves/parasitologíaRESUMEN
O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a eficácia inseticida in vitro do óleo essencial de Lippia gracilis sobre Bovicolaovis. Os espécimes (n = 900) de B.ovis foram coletados de ovinos naturalmente infestados, distribuídos aleatoriamente em grupos, e submetidos aos diferentes tratamentos: (G1) 1.000 a 15,6 mg/ml óleo essencial de Lippia gracilis; (G2) Tween 80 a 3% (controle negativo), e: (G3) Amitraz 1,25 g/mL (controle positivo). Realizou-se 4 réplicas (25 piolhos por réplica) para cada tratamento. A viabilidade dos piolhos foi avaliada nos tempos de 1, 3, 6, 24, 48 e 72 h. Os dados foram expressos em eficácia média ± desvio padrão (SPSS versão 23.0) e diferenças estatísticas dos grupos experimentais foram obtidas por Kruskal-Wallis e Friedman. Para obtenção da CI50e CI90 foi realizada Regressão de Probit, com nível de significância de p< 0,05. O óleo essencial de L. gracilis nas concentrações de 100 a 62,5 mg/mL apresentaram eficácia de 100%, 1 h pós-exposição. Os valores de CI50 e CI90 foram 18,1 mg/mL e 44,9 mg/mL, respectivamente. Dessa forma, concluímos que o óleo essencial de L. gracilis apresentou eficácia sobre B.ovis in vitro.(AU)
The objective of this work is to evaluate the in vitro insecticidal efficacy of the essential oil of Lippia gracilis against Bovicolaovis. The specimens (n = 900) of B.ovis were collected from naturally infested sheep, randomly distributed in groups, and subjected to different treatments: (G1) 1,000 to 15.6 mg/ml essential oil of Lippia gracilis; (G2) 3% Tween 80 (negative control), and: (G3) Amitraz 1.25 g/mL (positive control). 4 replicates (25 lice per replica) were performed for each treatment. Louse viability was assessed at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h. The data were expressed as mean efficacy ± standard deviation (SPSS version 23.0) and statistical differences in the experimental groups were obtained by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman. Probit regression was performed to obtain the IC50 and CI90, with a significance level of p <0.05. The essential oil of L. gracilis at concentrations of 100 to 62.5 mg/mL showed 100% efficacy, 1 h post-exposure. The IC50 and CI90 values were 18.1 mg/mL and 44.9 mg/mL, respectively. Thus, we conclude that L. gracilis essential oil is effective on B. ovis.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Rumiantes/fisiología , Aceites Volátiles/toxicidad , Insecticidas/análisis , Fitoquímicos , Técnicas In Vitro , Lippia/toxicidadRESUMEN
The chigger species Blankaartia sinnamaryi (Floch & Fauran) has been collected mainly from birds with a few records from reptiles and mammals. In Brazil, this species has been found on birds in the Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states. Here, we report the first record of B. sinnamaryi parasitizing the striped owl, Pseudoscops clamator (Vieillot), in the Paraíba state, Brazil (northeastern region).
A espécie de trombiculídeo, Blankaartia sinnamaryi (Floch & Fauran) tem sido coletada principalmente parasitando aves, com alguns registros em répteis e mamíferos. No Brasil, essa espécie foi encontrada em aves nos estados de Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro. No presente estudo, relatamos o primeiro registro de B. sinnamaryi parasitando a coruja-listrada, Pseudoscops clamator (Vieillot), no estado da Paraíba, Brasil (região Nordeste)
RESUMEN
This study focuses on the parasitic associations of mites and ticks infesting reptiles and amphibians through a multifocal approach. Herein, reptiles (n= 3,596) and amphibians (n= 919) were examined to ensure representativeness of the Brazilian herpetofauna megadiversity. The overall prevalence was calculated to better understand which were the preferred hosts for each order of Acari (Trombidiformes, Mesostigmata and Ixodida), as well as to determine which orders frequently parasitize reptiles and amphibians in Brazil, and their host specificity. Infestation rates were calculated [prevalence, mean intensity (MI) and mean abundance (MA)] for each order and species, determining which mites and ticks are more likely to be found parasitizing the ectothermic tetrapod fauna. Parasitic niches and preferred locations were recorded to help identify specific places exploited by different Acari, and to determine the host-parasite adaptations, specificity, and relationships in terms of co-evolution. In total 4,515 reptiles and amphibians were examined, of which 170 specimens were infested by mites and ticks (overall prevalence of 3.8%). Trombidiformes mites were prevalent in lizards (55.3%), followed by Ixodida on snakes (24.7%). Mesostigmata mites were the less prevalent, being identified only on Squamata reptiles (4.3% on snakes, 2.4% on lizards). In amphibians, Ixodida ticks were the most prevalent (63.2%), followed by Trombidiformes (34.6%), and lastly Oribatida (2%). From the 13 species of Trombidiformes identified, Eutrombicula alfreddugesi (19.9%) was the most abundant in terms of number of host species and infested individuals. Specimens of Ixodida, yet more common, showed low preferred locations and different values of infestation rates. Co-infestations were recorded only on snakes. Lizard mites generally adhered to the ventral celomatic area (Pterygosomatidae), and some species to the pocket-like structures (Trombiculidae). Lizards, at variance from snakes, have adapted to endure high parasitic loads with minimum effects on their health. The high number of mites recorded in the digits of toads (Cycloramphus boraceiensis, Corythomantis greening, Cycloramphus dubius, Leptodactylus latrans, Melanophryniscus admirabilis) could lead to avascular necrosis. Frogs were often infested by Hannemania larvae, while Rhinella toads were likely to be infested by Amblyomma ticks. Of note, Rhinella major toad was found infested by an oribatid mite, implying first a new parasitic relationship. The effect of high parasitic loads on critically endangered species of anurans deserves further investigation. Our results add basic knowledge to host association of mites and ticks to Brazilian reptiles and amphibians, highlighting that routine ectoparasite examination is needed in cases of quarantine as well as when for managing reptiles and amphibians in captivity given the wide diversity of Acari on the Brazilian ectothermic tetrapod fauna.
RESUMEN
This study focuses on the parasitic associations of mites and ticks infesting reptiles and amphibians through a multifocal approach. Herein, reptiles (n= 3,596) and amphibians (n= 919) were examined to ensure representativeness of the Brazilian herpetofauna megadiversity. The overall prevalence was calculated to better understand which were the preferred hosts for each order of Acari (Trombidiformes, Mesostigmata and Ixodida), as well as to determine which orders frequently parasitize reptiles and amphibians in Brazil, and their host specificity. Infestation rates were calculated [prevalence, mean intensity (MI) and mean abundance (MA)] for each order and species, determining which mites and ticks are more likely to be found parasitizing the ectothermic tetrapod fauna. Parasitic niches and preferred locations were recorded to help identify specific places exploited by different Acari, and to determine the host-parasite adaptations, specificity, and relationships in terms of co-evolution. In total 4,515 reptiles and amphibians were examined, of which 170 specimens were infested by mites and ticks (overall prevalence of 3.8%). Trombidiformes mites were prevalent in lizards (55.3%), followed by Ixodida on snakes (24.7%). Mesostigmata mites were the less prevalent, being identified only on Squamata reptiles (4.3% on snakes, 2.4% on lizards). In amphibians, Ixodida ticks were the most prevalent (63.2%), followed by Trombidiformes (34.6%), and lastly Oribatida (2%). From the 13 species of Trombidiformes identified, Eutrombicula alfreddugesi (19.9 %) was the most abundant in terms of number of host species and infested individuals. Specimens of Ixodida, yet more common, showed low preferred locations and different values of infestation rates. Co-infestations were recorded only on snakes. Lizard mites generally adhered to the ventral celomatic area (Pterygosomatidae), and some species to the pocket-like structures (Trombiculidae). Lizards, at variance from snakes, have adapted to endure high parasitic loads with minimum effects on their health. The high number of mites recorded in the digits of toads (Cycloramphus boraceiensis, Corythomantis greening, Cycloramphus dubius, Leptodactylus latrans, Melanophryniscus admirabilis) could lead to avascular necrosis. Frogs were often infested by Hannemania larvae, while Rhinella toads were likely to be infested by Amblyomma ticks. Of note, Rhinella major toad was found infested by an oribatid mite, implying first a new parasitic relationship. The effect of high parasitic loads on critically endangered species of anurans deserves further investigation. Our results add basic knowledge to host association of mites and ticks to Brazilian reptiles and amphibians, highlighting that routine ectoparasite examination is needed in cases of quarantine as well as when for managing reptiles and amphibians in captivity given the wide diversity of Acari on the Brazilian ectothermic tetrapod fauna.
RESUMEN
Abstract Nasal mites (Mesostigmata: Rhinonyssidae) are obligatory endoparasites of birds, and the resulting parasitism can be harmful to the host's respiratory system. The nasal mite Sternostoma tracheacolum Lawrence has caused significant respiratory issues, including serious injuries that possibly cause death of the host. In this study, we report two cases of captive birds parasitized by S. tracheacolum. The first case is a histopathological description of S. tracheacolum parasitizing the Gouldian Finch (Chloebia gouldiae) in the southeast region of Brazil, that showed partially or totally absence of the characteristic respiratory epithelium in trachea lumen. The other describes, for the first time, the parasitism of this species in a canary (Serinus canaria) in the northeast region of the country.
Resumo Os ácaros nasais (Mesostigmata: Rhinonyssidae) são endoparasitos obrigatórios das aves, e este parasitismo pode ser prejudicial ao sistema respiratório de seu hospedeiro. A espécie de ácaro nasal Sternostoma tracheacolum Lawrence tem causado importantes problemas respiratórios, incluindo lesões graves que possivelmente causam a morte do hospedeiro. Neste estudo, relatamos dois casos de aves em cativeiro parasitadas por S. tracheacolum. O primeiro caso é uma descrição histopatológica de S. tracheacolum parasitando um Diamante-de-gould (Chloebia gouldiae) na região sudeste do Brasil, mostrando parcial ou total ausência do epitélio respiratório característico do lúmen da traqueia. O outro descreve, pela primeira vez, o parasitismo desta espécie em um canário (Serinus canaria) na região nordeste do país.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Enfermedades de las Aves/parasitología , Passeriformes/parasitología , Infestaciones por Ácaros/veterinaria , Ácaros/clasificación , Brasil , Passeriformes/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Nasal mites (Mesostigmata: Rhinonyssidae) are obligatory endoparasites of birds, and the resulting parasitism can be harmful to the host's respiratory system. The nasal mite Sternostoma tracheacolum Lawrence has caused significant respiratory issues, including serious injuries that possibly cause death of the host. In this study, we report two cases of captive birds parasitized by S. tracheacolum. The first case is a histopathological description of S. tracheacolum parasitizing the Gouldian Finch (Chloebia gouldiae) in the southeast region of Brazil, that showed partially or totally absence of the characteristic respiratory epithelium in trachea lumen. The other describes, for the first time, the parasitism of this species in a canary (Serinus canaria) in the northeast region of the country.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Aves/parasitología , Infestaciones por Ácaros/veterinaria , Ácaros/clasificación , Passeriformes/parasitología , Animales , Brasil , Passeriformes/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Nasal mites (Mesostigmata: Rhinonyssidae) are obligatory endoparasites of birds, and the resulting parasitism can be harmful to the hosts respiratory system. The nasal mite Sternostoma tracheacolum Lawrence has caused significant respiratory issues, including serious injuries that possibly cause death of the host. In this study, we report two cases of captive birds parasitized by S. tracheacolum. The first case is a histopathological description of S. tracheacolum parasitizing the Gouldian Finch (Chloebia gouldiae) in the southeast region of Brazil, that showed partially or totally absence of the characteristic respiratory epithelium in trachea lumen. The other describes, for the first time, the parasitism of this species in a canary (Serinus canaria) in the northeast region of the country.(AU)
Os ácaros nasais (Mesostigmata: Rhinonyssidae) são endoparasitos obrigatórios das aves, e este parasitismo pode ser prejudicial ao sistema respiratório de seu hospedeiro. A espécie de ácaro nasal Sternostoma tracheacolum Lawrence tem causado importantes problemas respiratórios, incluindo lesões graves que possivelmente causam a morte do hospedeiro. Neste estudo, relatamos dois casos de aves em cativeiro parasitadas por S. tracheacolum. O primeiro caso é uma descrição histopatológica de S. tracheacolum parasitando um Diamante-de-gould (Chloebia gouldiae) na região sudeste do Brasil, mostrando parcial ou total ausência do epitélio respiratório característico do lúmen da traqueia. O outro descreve, pela primeira vez, o parasitismo desta espécie em um canário (Serinus canaria) na região nordeste do país.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Passeriformes/parasitología , Ácaros/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Nasal mites (Mesostigmata: Rhinonyssidae) are obligatory endoparasites of birds, and the resulting parasitism can be harmful to the host’s respiratory system. The nasal mite Sternostoma tracheacolum Lawrence has caused significant respiratory issues, including serious injuries that possibly cause death of the host. In this study, we report two cases of captive birds parasitized by S. tracheacolum. The first case is a histopathological description of S. tracheacolum parasitizing the Gouldian Finch (Chloebia gouldiae) in the southeast region of Brazil, that showed partially or totally absence of the characteristic respiratory epithelium in trachea lumen. The other describes, for the first time, the parasitism of this species in a canary (Serinus canaria) in the northeast region of the country.
RESUMEN
Objetivou-se identificar através da morfometria, espécimes de Eimeria em ovinos. Realizou-se oocistograma (OOPG) em 50ovinos da raça Dorper de Mossoró, RN. As amostras fecais positivas no OOPG foram submetidas à esporulação em soluçãoaquosa de bicromato de potássio 2,5% por sete dias, sob temperatura ambiente (≅ 27ºC). Foi feita identificação de 100 oocistosselecionados aleatoriamente no exame de microscopia óptica (objetiva de 40X, fator de correção 0,333). Os dados foram expressosem média, desvio padrão, valores mínimos e máximos, calculados pelo programa estatístico SPSS (Statistical Package for theSocial Sciences) 21.0. Os coccídeos, objeto deste trabalho, classificados em Eimeria intricata Spiegel, 1925 apresentaram:oocisto com média de comprimento 50,83μm (43,29-53,28μm); largura média 36,18μm (33,30-39,96μm) e índice morfométricomédio 1,40 (1,18-1,60); esporocisto com média de comprimento 19,09μm (16.65-9,98μm); largura média 11,98 (9,99-13,32μm) eíndice morfométrico médio 1,60μm (1,50-2,0μm). Este registro amplia o conhecimento da ocorrência de E intricata em mais umalocalidade do Nordeste brasileiro e auxilia a reconhecer que a existência da mesma nos rebanhos ovinos do Rio Grande do Nortepode não desencadear quadros patogênicos, mas indica falhas no manejo dos animais.(AU)
The objective of this study was to identify morphometry, Eimeria specimens of Dorper sheep of Mossoró, RN. Oocyst (OOPG)was performed on 50 sheep. Positive faecal samples in the OOPG were submitted to sporulation in aqueous solution of 2.5%potassium dichromate for seven days, at room temperature (≅ 27ºC). Identification of 100 randomly selected oocysts wasperformed on the optical microscopy (objective 40X, correction factor 0.333). Data were expressed as mean, standard deviation,minimum and maximum values, calculated by the statistical program SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 21.0. Thecoccidia, object of this work, classified in Eimeria intricata Spiegel, 1925 presented: oocyst with average length 50.83μm (43.29-53.28μm); Mean width 36.18μm (33.30-39.96μm) and mean morphometric index 1.40 (1.18-1.60); Sporocyst with a mean lengthof 19.09μm (16.65-9.98μm); Mean width 11.98 (9.99-13.32μm) and mean morphometric index 1.60μm (1.50-2.0μm). This recordamplifies the knowledge of the occurrence of E. intricata in another locality of the Northeast of Brazil and helps to recognize thatthe existence of the same in the sheep flocks of Rio Grande do Norte may not trigger pathogenic conditions, but indicates failuresin the management of the animals.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Eimeria , Ovinos/parasitología , BrasilRESUMEN
Objetivou-se identificar através da morfometria, espécimes de Eimeria em ovinos. Realizou-se oocistograma (OOPG) em 50 ovinos da raça Dorper de Mossoró, RN. As amostras fecais positivas no OOPG foram submetidas à esporulação em solução aquosa de bicromato de potássio 2,5% por sete dias, sob temperatura ambiente (â 27ºC). Foi feita identificação de 100 oocistos selecionados aleatoriamente no exame de microscopia óptica (objetiva de 40X, fator de correção 0,333). Os dados foram expressos em média, desvio padrão, valores mínimos e máximos, calculados pelo programa estatístico SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 21.0. Os coccídeos, objeto deste trabalho, classificados em Eimeria intricata Spiegel, 1925 apresentaram: oocisto com média de comprimento 50,83µm (43,29-53,28µm); largura média 36,18µm (33,30-39,96µm) e índice morfométrico médio 1,40 (1,18-1,60); esporocisto com média de comprimento 19,09µm (16.65-9,98µm); largura média 11,98 (9,99-13,32µm) e índice morfométrico médio 1,60µm (1,50-2,0µm). Este registro amplia o conhecimento da ocorrência de E intricata em mais uma localidade do Nordeste brasileiro e auxilia a reconhecer que a existência da mesma nos rebanhos ovinos do Rio Grande do Norte pode não desencadear quadros patogênicos, mas indica falhas no manejo dos animais.
The objective of this study was to identify morphometry, Eimeria specimens of Dorper sheep of Mossoró, RN. Oocyst (OOPG) was performed on 50 sheep. Positive faecal samples in the OOPG were submitted to sporulation in aqueous solution of 2.5% potassium dichromate for seven days, at room temperature (â 27ºC). Identification of 100 randomly selected oocysts was performed on the optical microscopy (objective 40X, correction factor 0.333). Data were expressed as mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, calculated by the statistical program SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) 21.0. The coccidia, object of this work, classified in Eimeria intricata Spiegel, 1925 presented: oocyst with average length 50.83µm (43.29-53.28µm); Mean width 36.18µm (33.30-39.96µm) and mean morphometric index 1.40 (1.18-1.60); Sporocyst with a mean length of 19.09µm (16.65-9.98µm); Mean width 11.98 (9.99-13.32µm) and mean morphometric index 1.60µm (1.50-2.0µm). This record amplifies the knowledge of the occurrence of E.intricata in another locality of the Northeast of Brazil and helps to recognize that the existence of the same in the sheep flocks of Rio Grande do Norte may not trigger pathogenic conditions, but indicates failures in the management of the animals.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ovinos , Oocistos , CoccidiosRESUMEN
Since dogs presenting several vector borne diseases can show none or nonspecific clinical signs depending on the phase of infection, the assessment of the particular agents involved is mandatory. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of Babesia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., Hepatozoon spp. and Leishmania spp. in blood samples and ticks, collected from two dogs from Rio Grande do Norte showing suggestive tick-borne disease by using molecular techniques. DNA of E. canis, H. canis and L. infantum were detected in blood samples and R. sanguineus ticks collected from dogs. Among all samples analyzed, two showed the presence of multiple infections with E. canis, H. canis and L. infantum chagasi. Here we highlighted the need for molecular differential diagnosis in dogs showing nonspecific clinical signs.