RESUMEN
Hygienic behavior in honey bees, Apis mellifera, is measured by determining the rate at which the bees uncap and remove dead sealed brood. We analyzed individual behavior of house-cleaning Africanized honey bees in order to focus on some poorly understood aspects of hygienic behavior. Two observation hives, each with approximately 3,000 individually marked bees, were used in this study. The efficiency of hygienic behavior was evaluated in hygienic and non-hygienic strains of bees using two types of combs (new and old), as well as at different periods of the day (night and day). We also recorded the age of workers that performed this task of removing dead brood. In both strains, the workers that performed tasks related to hygienic behavior were within the same age cohort; we found no influence of age on the amount of time dedicated to the task, independent of the type of comb or period of the day. The total time from perforation of the cell capping until the dead brood had been completely removed, and was significantly shorter during daytime than at night. Hygienic behavior directed towards dead brood in new combs was also significantly more efficient (faster) than for brood in old combs. The type of comb had significantly more effect than did the time of day. We conclude that the type of comb and time of day should be taken into consideration when evaluating hygienic behavior in honey bees.
RESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Os pacientes com lesão isolada da artéria coronária descendente anterior (ADA) se beneficiam mais do tratamento cirúrgico do que com intervencão percutânea. Entretanto, com a menor invasividade da intervencão percutânea, a maioria dos pacientes tem sido direcionada para este procedimento. Relatamos a utilizacão da miniesternotomia inferior como abordagem para o tratamento de pacientes com lesão única de ADA, com anastomose do enxerto de artéria torácica interna esquerda (ATIE), sem uso de circulacão extracorpórea (CEC). MÉTODO: Foram estudados 14 pacientes operados consecutivamente utilizando esta técnica, na qual o enxerto de ATIE foi anastomosado à ADA. A idade média dos pacientes foi 56,7n10,1 anos. A incisão cutânea tinha entre 7 e 9 cm e a porcão inferior do esterno foi aberta longitudinalmente. A anastomose foi facilitada com o uso de estabilizadores Octopus-3® (Medtronic). RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes tiveram boa evolucão pós-operatória, com alta hospitalar entre 2 e 6 dias de PO (mediana 3 dias). Não houve alteracão de ECG ou elevacão enzimática neste grupo. Um paciente foi reinternado por infeccão de ferida operatória. CONCLUSAO: A miniesternotomia permite a realizacão segura do procedimento cirúrgico de revascularizacão miocárdica da ADA, sem CEC, com benefício em longo-termo do uso da ATIE.